Study on Structure and Performance of Starch and Styrene Graft Copolymer

[Objective] The paper was to study the structure and performance of starch and styrene graft copolymer. [Method] The microscopic structure of corn starch and styrene graft copolymer was analyzed by using infrared spectrum and scanning electron microscope, and the property of starch and styrene graft copoly- mer was confirmed through grinding experiment, tensile strength, water absorption rate, hot water resistance properties and enzymatic properties analysis. [Result] The starch and styrene graft copolymer had the properties of thermoplastic and microbial degradation. IConclusion] The starch and styrene graft copolymer is expected to be developed as a biodegradable material.

Design and comparative in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of starch-acrylate graft copolymer based salbutamol sulphate sustained release tablets

The present work deals with the development of controlled release tablets of salbutamol sulphate(SS)using graft copolymers of methyl methacrylate(St-g-PMMA and Ast-g-PMMA)on starch and acetylated starch.Formulations were evaluated for physical characteristics like hardness,friability,drug release,drug content and weight variations,which fulfilled all the official requirements of tablet dosage form.The release rates from formulated matrix tablets were studied at SGF(pH 1.2)followed by SIF(pH 6.8).Drug release from the graft copolymer based tablets was found to be sustained upto the 14 h with>75%drug release.The in-vitro release study showed that the graft copolymer based matrix formulations(F3&F4)exhibited highest correlation value(r2)for higuchi kinetic model and Korsmeyer's model with n values between 0.61 and 0.67 proved that release mechanisms were governed by both diffusion and erosion mechanism.There was no significant difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters(tmax,Cmax,AUC,Ke,and t1/2)of the graft copolymers matrices and HPMC K100M matrix tablets,indicating their comparable sustained release effect.The potential of graft copolymers to sustain the drug release is well supported by in-vivo pharmacokinetic studies and their adequate physicochemical properties make them promising excipients for controlled drug delivery system.

The Optimized Synthesis of Starch-g-Lactic Acid Copolymer with High Grafting Degree Catalyzed by Sulfuric Acid

The starch-g-lactic acid copolymer was synthesized with catalysis of sulfuric acid by onestep process, and the structure of starch-g-lactic acid copolymer was characterized by means of IR, 13C-NMR, HMBC, XRD, and SEM. The experimental results show that the maximum grafting degree of starch can reach 75% when the starch-g-lactic acid copolymer is activated at 80 ℃ for 2 h and reacted with lactic acid at 90 ℃ for 4 h in vacuum.

STUDIES ON GRAFT COPOLYMERIZATION OF DL-LACTIDE ON CORN STARCH AND BIODEGRADABILITY OF THE COPOLYMERS

The starch/D,L-lactide graft copolymers were synthesized by reacting D,L-lactide with corn starch in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAM) in the presence of triethylamine (NEt3) and anhydrous lithium chloride. The effect of reaction time and the molar ratio of D,L-lactide to glucose structural unit of starch on monomer conversion(C%), graft (G%) and graft efficiency (GE%) were studied. The C%, G% and GE% could approach 37.3%,179.7% and 68.0%, respectively when the molar ratio of D,L-lactide to glucose structural unit of starch is 10:1 and the graft copolymerization was carried out at 80-85℃ for 4 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The Fourier transforms infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy were used in order to characterize the graft copolymers. FTIR spectra show that absorption band at 1740 cm-1 confirmed the formation of ester bond, indicating the starch /D,L-lactide graft copolymers were produced, the DSC characteristic results show the melting temperature of the graft copolymer were elevated slightly as the molar ratio of D,L-lactide to glucose structural units of starch increased and the X-ray diffraction spectra show the synthesized graft copolymers were amorphous. The degradability of graft copolymer was tested with the aid of acid, alkali and microbe such as bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus aureus. The results of water resistance show the graft copolymer produced can be used as a component of impermeable coating for cardboard.

Synthesis and Biodegradation of St-g-poly(MMA-co-VAc) Initiated by Manganic Pyrophosphate

Methyl methacrylate(MMA) and vinyl acetate(VAc) were grafted onto corn starch with manganic pyrophosphate{[Mn(H 2P 2O 7) 3] 3-} as the initiator and water as the reaction medium. The influences of reaction conditions, including pH value, initiator concentration, monomer concentration and its composition, on percent grafting and grafting efficiency were investigated. The graft copolymer was characterized by means of IR spectroscopy, scanning electron micrograph(SEM) and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The biodegradation experiment showed that the degradation of corn starch-g-poly(MMA-co-VAc) was mainly from starch. However, after poly VAc in the side chain was transformed into poly vinyl alcohol(PVA), both starch and the grafted side chain could be degraded completely.

淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺与聚丙烯酰胺对高岭土动态絮凝差异的研究

高岭土等黏土矿的存在是煤泥水沉降效果差的主要原因,目前尚未有关于难沉降煤泥水动态絮凝过程的研究。相较于聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)合成单体的毒性,淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺(SAM)合成的单体可降解性好。为此,以高岭土为研究对象,系统对比了SAM与PAM对高岭土动态絮凝过程的影响。首先,考察了不同SAM与PAM用量下的沉降速度和絮凝效果。随后,通过聚焦光束反射测量(FBRM)和颗粒录影显微镜(PVM)技术研究了高岭土悬浮液在SAM和PAM作用下的不同粒级颗粒数量变化。沉降实验和FBRM-PVM测试结果表明,PAM能够形成更多的+100μm大絮团,使得PAM具有更好的沉降效果;SAM形成的絮团更稳定,对细颗粒的絮凝效果更好。最后,通过FBRM获得的数据,基于Smoluchowski模型计算了PAM和SAM作用下高岭土的絮凝动力学参数,发现PAM作用下的絮凝指数明显高于SAM,同时-30μm和30~60μm颗粒数量的动态变化主导了絮凝动力学中絮团的形成过程。总体而言,PAM可以形成更多的、松散的大絮团,有利于高岭土的快速沉降,但对微细颗粒絮凝效果不佳。相较于PAM,SAM独特的多链立体网状结构,有利于微细颗粒絮凝和形成稳定的絮团,从而避免选煤厂洗水系统中细泥的循环积聚。

淀粉/DL-丙交酯接枝共聚物的合成和生物降解性能研究

以淀粉为接枝骨架 ,DL 丙交酯为接枝单体 ,在无水LiCl存在下 ,合成了淀粉 /DL 丙交酯接枝共聚物 .研究了接枝反应的投料比、反应时间、反应温度对单体转化率 (C % )、接枝率 (G % )和接枝效率 (GE % )的影响 .当DL 丙交酯与淀粉结构单元的摩尔比为 10∶1,反应温度为 80～ 85℃ ,反应时间为 4h ,C % ,G %和GE %可分别达到 37 3 %、179 7%和 6 8 0 % .用差示扫描量热 (DSC)分析仪、红外光谱仪和X 射线衍射仪对合成的接枝共聚物进行了表征 ,结果表明 ,淀粉和DL 丙交酯反应生成了淀粉 /DL 丙交酯接枝共聚物 .防水实验结果表明 ,该产物在给定条件下可使纸板的吸水率由 41 1%降低到 1 0 % .降解实验表明该接枝共聚物能够被酸。

淀粉丙烯酰胺表面控制反应机理及接枝产物结构表征

以木薯淀粉和丙烯酰胺为主要原料,采用反相乳液聚合方法合成淀粉丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物,并通过红外光谱、电镜扫描、X射线衍射、热分析等手段对接枝共聚产物进行结构分析和聚合机理探讨。实验结果显示,淀粉与丙烯酰胺的反应主要发生在淀粉团粒表面,符合表面控制反应机理;接枝共聚物中含有淀粉和丙烯酰胺成分;共聚反应改变了原淀粉的聚集形态,接枝产物基本上为无定形的聚集态结构;但对淀粉的热稳定性影响不显著。

淀粉-醋酸乙酯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝共聚物的合成及生物降解研究

用硝酸铈铵为引发剂，合成了淀粉醋酸乙烯酯甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝共聚物，用质子核磁共振谱研究了接枝支链的化学组成，用Ｘ射线粉末衍射研究了接枝共聚物的结晶结构变化，分别用实验室酶分解法和室外土壤掩埋法测定了接枝共聚物的生物降解性能，结果说明，仅接枝共聚物中的淀粉部分能被微生物降解，接枝支链部分不能被降解．

淀粉接枝共聚物在淀粉/聚乳酸共混体系中的作用

研究了淀粉 /聚乳酸共混体系的相容性 ,考察了淀粉 -聚醋酸乙烯酯和淀粉 -聚乳酸接枝共聚物对淀粉 /聚乳酸共混体系相容性的影响。发现上述两种接枝共聚物均可有效地增加淀粉与聚乳酸的相容性 。

淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的制备及性能研究

研究了淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺制备絮凝剂的工艺过程 ,测定了其絮凝性能。实验结果表明 :玉米淀粉为接枝反应适宜的原料 ,原料丙烯酰胺和淀粉的最佳重量比为 2 .7∶1,最佳引发剂浓度为 1× 10 -3 mol/L ;接枝聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂絮凝效果受温度和pH值的影响小 ,絮凝湿法磷酸料浆的最佳用量为 4mg/kg ,而采用市售聚丙烯酰胺的最佳用量为 6mg/kg。

多孔球状淀粉接枝共聚物的合成及其性质研究

报道了一种多孔球状淀粉接枝共聚物的合成．此球有很强的机械性能、良好的稳定性和较高的致孔率（30％～40％），平均孔径约为19．5nm．以其为载体固定化精化酶活力为1462IU／g干胶，比活为29．31IU／mg蛋白．

降解淀粉与乙烯基类单体接枝聚合物的合成及应用

适当降解的玉米淀粉与乙烯基类单体在引发剂作用下通过接枝聚合得到了改性淀粉鞣剂。当体系中w (降解淀粉 ) =10 %、w (乙烯基类单体 ) =2 0 %、引发剂质量为反应物质量的2 .0 %、反应温度为 5 0℃、反应时间为 1 5h时所得聚合物的接枝百分率为 87%、接枝效率为94%及接枝频率为 43。用其预鞣时可减少铬鞣剂用量 30 %～ 5 0 % ,铬鞣废液中铬含量降低到 ρ(Cr2 O3) =0 .2 6g/L ,用其复鞣时所得成革的选择填充性显著。成品革丰满柔软 ,粒面细腻。

淀粉－丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物的合成及其性能

本文以淀粉－丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物（ＳＧＭ）为母体进行一步法改性阳离子絮凝剂（ＣＳＧＭ）的合成研究，探讨了各种因素对产物阳离子度的影响，用红外光谱进行了表征，并研究ＣＳＧＭ对印染废水的絮凝性能。

淀粉与丙烯酸接枝共聚物吸水性能的影响因素研究

采用溶液聚合的方法,制备了淀粉与丙烯酸接枝共聚物;用FTIR等方法对共聚产物结构进行了表征;研究了聚合反应温度、糊化时间、丙烯酸中和度、产物烘干温度、丙烯酸与淀粉不同混合比例等因素对接枝产物吸水性能的影响,优化出了在实验室用玉米淀粉和丙烯酸接枝共聚制备高倍率吸水树脂的工艺条件,制备的吸水树脂吸去离子水近1000g/g。

淀粉接枝衣康酸/丙烯酸高吸水材料制备与性能

旨在为降低吸水材料成本、拓宽原料来源、提高生物降解性、减少对石油化工产品的依赖提供指导,以水溶液接枝共聚法制备了淀粉接枝衣康酸/丙烯酸高吸水材料(S/IA/AA),讨论了淀粉糊化条件、中和度、单体含量、反应温度等因素对材料吸水性能的影响,采用FTIR、SEM、EDX等对吸水材料进行表征。研究表明:淀粉糊化最佳条件为糊化温度80℃,糊化比为10g·g-1,糊化时间30min;吸水材料合成最佳条件为中和度50%,衣康酸40%,淀粉20%,引发剂为4×10-3mol·L-1,交联剂0.075%,反应温度50℃;利用40%衣康酸替代丙烯酸所制S/IA/AA同S/AA相比,其吸水性能有一定提高且保水性能优良。

不同种类氧化-还原引发体系对淀粉与丙烯酸接枝产物吸水性能的影响

以玉米淀粉和丙烯酸为主要原料,采用溶液聚合的方法,详细研究了H2O2、K2S2O8-Na2S2O3、Mn3+及Ce4+等不同种类氧化-还原引发体系对淀粉与丙烯酸接枝共聚物吸水性能的影响,用FTIR、XRD、DSC等方法对共聚产物结构进行了表征。通过对不同氧化-还原引发体系的引发机理分析和吸水性能测试结果比较,研究表明采用K2S2O8-Na2S2O3做引发体系时,接枝产物的吸水倍率最高,吸去离子水近1000g/g。

淀粉与聚乳酸接枝共聚物的制备与表征

采用三甲基硅烷基(TMS)保护淀粉作为大分子引发剂,辛酸亚锡催化,制备聚乳酸与淀粉的接枝共聚物。红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱分析证实了共聚物的形成。接触角测试结果表明亲水性糖基的引入使共聚物具有较好的亲水性。在pH=7.2的PBS缓冲液中,共聚物膜能较快降解,6d后失重率接近50%,10d后完全降解。对聚乳酸进行糖基化改性,将大大拓展聚乳酸类材料在生物医学领域的应用范围。

淀粉／甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝共聚及生物降解性能研究

本文以硝酸铈铵为引发剂，研究了单体浓度、引发剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对淀粉与甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＭＭＡ）接枝共聚反应特征参数的影响。当引发剂浓度为４．５×１０（－３）Ｍ／Ｌ，ＭＭＡ浓度为０．２２５Ｍ／Ｌ，在３０℃反应３．５ｈ时，单体转化率Ｃ％＝９０．５％，接枝率Ｇ％＝６２％，接枝效率ＧＥ％＝７０％，接枝支链的粘均分子量Ｍ＝×１０（－３）。接枝共聚物及其与聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）共混物浇铸成膜后，用黑曲霉在无机盐营养培养基中降解４０天，失重率分别为３２％和２３％，表明淀粉／ＭＭＡ接枝共聚物可作为生物降解塑料使用。

淀粉接枝共聚高吸水性树脂的研究进展

分别以化学引发法和辐射引发法阐述了淀粉接枝高吸水树脂的研究进展和生产情况。介绍了化学引发接枝聚合淀粉接枝丙烯腈类树脂、淀粉接枝丙烯酸类树脂、淀粉接枝多元单体类树脂、复合型淀粉接枝脂类树脂的研究现状,对化学引发的主要影响因素进行了评述。讨论了辐射引发淀粉接枝高吸水树脂中所应用的微波辐射引发、紫外光辐射引发和γ射线辐射引发的技术优势和应用现状。指出今后淀粉类高吸水性树脂的研究应该向多元接枝共聚、制备复合型树脂和抗盐性树脂、微波固相合成、简单工艺、高效引发剂和加强理论基础研究方向发展。