To better understand the physiological characteristics of the silky starling（Sturnus sericeus）, its body temperature（Tb）, basal metabolic rate（BMR）, evaporative water loss（EWL） and thermal conductance（C） eli...To better understand the physiological characteristics of the silky starling（Sturnus sericeus）, its body temperature（Tb）, basal metabolic rate（BMR）, evaporative water loss（EWL） and thermal conductance（C） elicited by different ambient temperatures（Ta）（5-30 ℃） were determined in the present study. Our results showed that they have a high Tb（41.6±0.1 ℃）, a wide thermal neutral zone（TNZ）（20-27.5 ℃） and a relatively low BMR within the TNZ（3.37±0.17 mL O2/g·h）. The EWL was nearly stable below the TNZ（0.91±0.07 mg H2O/g·h） but increased remarkably within and above the TNZ. The C was constant below the TNZ, with a minimum value of 0.14±0.01 mL O2/g·h·℃. These findings indicate that the BMR, Tb and EWL of the silky starling were all affected by Ta, especially when Ta was below 20℃ and the EWL plays an important role in thermal regulation.展开更多
Although population genetic theory is largely based on the premise that loci under study are selectively neutral, it has been acknowledged that the study of DNA sequence data under the influence of selection can be us...Although population genetic theory is largely based on the premise that loci under study are selectively neutral, it has been acknowledged that the study of DNA sequence data under the influence of selection can be useful. In some circumstances, these loci show increased population differentiation and gene diversity. Highly polymorphic loci may be especially useful when studying populations having low levels of diversity overall, such as is often the case with threatened or newly established inva- sive populations. Using common starlings Sturnus vulgaris sampled from invasive Australian populations, we investigated se- quence data of the dopamine receptor D4 gene （DRD4）, a locus suspected to be under selection for novelty-seeking behaviour in a range of taxa including humans and passerine birds. We hypothesised that such behaviour may be advantageous when species encounter novel environments, such as during invasion. In addition to analyses to detect the presence of selection, we also esti- mated population differentiation and gene diversity using DRD4 data and compared these estimates to those from microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA sequence data, using the same individuals. We found little evidence for selection on DRD4 in starlings. However, we did find elevated levels of within-population gene diversity when compared to microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA sequence, as well as a greater degree of population differentiation. We suggest that sequence data from putatively non- neutral loci are a useful addition to studies of invasive populations, where low genetic variability is expected展开更多
Hami City is the main locust plague area in Xinjiang.In the past,chemical pesticide control of locusts was mainly adopted,which not only cost a lot of manpower,material and financial resources,but also killed natural ...Hami City is the main locust plague area in Xinjiang.In the past,chemical pesticide control of locusts was mainly adopted,which not only cost a lot of manpower,material and financial resources,but also killed natural enemies of locusts and other insects due to the extensive use of chemical pesticides.As a result,the natural ecological environment of grassland was damaged and polluted to varying degrees,while the grassland ecosystem was deteriorating day by day.Since 2004,the prevention and control of grassland locusts has been carried out by chicken herding,duck herding,nesting for attracting birds,as well as biological and plant pesticides.In particular,the proportion of rosy starling control technology in grassland locust control has increased year by year,and the grassland ecosystem has recovered significantly.展开更多
Director Jonathan Demme’s The Silence of the Lambs is an enduring piece of cinema.It is a film in history to win Oscar in five of the major categories:best director,best actress,best actor,best screenplay and best pi...Director Jonathan Demme’s The Silence of the Lambs is an enduring piece of cinema.It is a film in history to win Oscar in five of the major categories:best director,best actress,best actor,best screenplay and best picture.What’s compelling of the picture is that the story tends to focus mostly on the feminine perspective of the heroine,Clarice Starling.This thesis,therefore,aims to offer an interpretation of The Silence of the Lambs from the feminist perspective.As a young FBI trainee,Starling works under great patriarchal oppression in a male-dominated workforce due to the classic male gaze and the constant sexual harassment.Through struggling to track down the serial killer,Starling alone solves the crime and proves that a woman is as capable of working as a man.As a matter of fact,she has,to a large extent,subverted the male gaze,power,privilege and authority.展开更多
基金This study was financially supported the National Natural Science Foundation of China （31070366）, the Natural Science Foundation （LY13C030005） in Zhejiang Province and the Zhejiang Province ＇Xinmiao＇ Project.
文摘To better understand the physiological characteristics of the silky starling（Sturnus sericeus）, its body temperature（Tb）, basal metabolic rate（BMR）, evaporative water loss（EWL） and thermal conductance（C） elicited by different ambient temperatures（Ta）（5-30 ℃） were determined in the present study. Our results showed that they have a high Tb（41.6±0.1 ℃）, a wide thermal neutral zone（TNZ）（20-27.5 ℃） and a relatively low BMR within the TNZ（3.37±0.17 mL O2/g·h）. The EWL was nearly stable below the TNZ（0.91±0.07 mg H2O/g·h） but increased remarkably within and above the TNZ. The C was constant below the TNZ, with a minimum value of 0.14±0.01 mL O2/g·h·℃. These findings indicate that the BMR, Tb and EWL of the silky starling were all affected by Ta, especially when Ta was below 20℃ and the EWL plays an important role in thermal regulation.
文摘Although population genetic theory is largely based on the premise that loci under study are selectively neutral, it has been acknowledged that the study of DNA sequence data under the influence of selection can be useful. In some circumstances, these loci show increased population differentiation and gene diversity. Highly polymorphic loci may be especially useful when studying populations having low levels of diversity overall, such as is often the case with threatened or newly established inva- sive populations. Using common starlings Sturnus vulgaris sampled from invasive Australian populations, we investigated se- quence data of the dopamine receptor D4 gene （DRD4）, a locus suspected to be under selection for novelty-seeking behaviour in a range of taxa including humans and passerine birds. We hypothesised that such behaviour may be advantageous when species encounter novel environments, such as during invasion. In addition to analyses to detect the presence of selection, we also esti- mated population differentiation and gene diversity using DRD4 data and compared these estimates to those from microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA sequence data, using the same individuals. We found little evidence for selection on DRD4 in starlings. However, we did find elevated levels of within-population gene diversity when compared to microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA sequence, as well as a greater degree of population differentiation. We suggest that sequence data from putatively non- neutral loci are a useful addition to studies of invasive populations, where low genetic variability is expected
文摘Hami City is the main locust plague area in Xinjiang.In the past,chemical pesticide control of locusts was mainly adopted,which not only cost a lot of manpower,material and financial resources,but also killed natural enemies of locusts and other insects due to the extensive use of chemical pesticides.As a result,the natural ecological environment of grassland was damaged and polluted to varying degrees,while the grassland ecosystem was deteriorating day by day.Since 2004,the prevention and control of grassland locusts has been carried out by chicken herding,duck herding,nesting for attracting birds,as well as biological and plant pesticides.In particular,the proportion of rosy starling control technology in grassland locust control has increased year by year,and the grassland ecosystem has recovered significantly.
文摘Director Jonathan Demme’s The Silence of the Lambs is an enduring piece of cinema.It is a film in history to win Oscar in five of the major categories:best director,best actress,best actor,best screenplay and best picture.What’s compelling of the picture is that the story tends to focus mostly on the feminine perspective of the heroine,Clarice Starling.This thesis,therefore,aims to offer an interpretation of The Silence of the Lambs from the feminist perspective.As a young FBI trainee,Starling works under great patriarchal oppression in a male-dominated workforce due to the classic male gaze and the constant sexual harassment.Through struggling to track down the serial killer,Starling alone solves the crime and proves that a woman is as capable of working as a man.As a matter of fact,she has,to a large extent,subverted the male gaze,power,privilege and authority.
文摘1 第三间隙效应——正平衡输液: 生理状态下,毛细血管和细胞膜上Na^+—K^+泵维持血浆、间质浓和细胞内液之间的动态平衡。而当机体受到感染性或非感染性损伤后,引发全身性炎症反应(Systemic inflammatory response,SIR),导致毛细血管内皮细胞损害、毛细血管通透性通知,结果不但在局部出现炎性渗出反应,而且在重症时全身毛细血管床都有渗出;透过6300m^2的毛细血管,大量血浆漏入间质液。如同时有组织低血流灌注和缺氧发生,Na^+—K^+泵活性下降,使间质液中钠水进入细胞内。此外,肝脏、肌肉和占体重6％的胶元组织等也摄取钠和水。这种细胞外液的大量移位就是所谓第三间隙效应(the third space effect)或液体扣押(Sequestration)。
