Application of modified discontinuous deformation analysis to dynamic modelling of the Baige landslide in the Jinsha River

Accurate dynamic modeling of landslides could help understand the movement mechanisms and guide disaster mitigation and prevention.Discontinuous deformation analysis(DDA)is an effective approach for investigating landslides.However,DDA fails to accurately capture the degradation in shear strength of rock joints commonly observed in high-speed landslides.In this study,DDA is modified by incorporating simplified joint shear strength degradation.Based on the modified DDA,the kinematics of the Baige landslide that occurred along the Jinsha River in China on 10 October 2018 are reproduced.The violent starting velocity of the landslide is considered explicitly.Three cases with different violent starting velocities are investigated to show their effect on the landslide movement process.Subsequently,the landslide movement process and the final accumulation characteristics are analyzed from multiple perspectives.The results show that the violent starting velocity affects the landslide motion characteristics,which is found to be about 4 m/s in the Baige landslide.The movement process of the Baige landslide involves four stages:initiation,high-speed sliding,impact-climbing,low-speed motion and accumulation.The accumulation states of sliding masses in different zones are different,which essentially corresponds to reality.The research results suggest that the modified DDA is applicable to similar high-level rock landslides.

Back to School for the Brave

This term was about to begin andCony the little rabbit was frightenedbecause this year she was starting a newschool.So afraid was she that the daybefore she dug a deep burrowandlocked herself in.“I'm staying here.I am sure thereare animals who are mean in the newschool and teachers who are scary.”So they called her auntandgodmother,Eleanora.She always knewwhat to do.

Commentary on: “Scientific evidence is just the starting point:A generalizable process for developing sports injury prevention interventions” by Alex Donaldson et al.

<正>In a recent paper,Donaldson et al.~1 argued that lower extremity injuries can be prevented.Evidence-based sports injury preventive exercise programs usually have limited impact on public health because they are not widely adopted or sustained into regular training routines.One reason for this is that the intervention program may not seem relevant for the

Application of the Probability Model for Starting Period to Initiate to Take Palivizumab by Prefecture Using National Official Sentinel Surveillance in Japan

Background: Palivizumab were used for the premature infant or a high-risk infant with congenital heart disease. However, recently outbreak pattern of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus infection has been varying year by year. Moreover, it also has some regional difference. Therefore, the object of the present study was to develop early detection of the timing of that outbreak had started in each prefecture. Method: We used data in National Official Sentinel Surveillance for Infectious Diseases (NOSSID). Study period was March 16th, 2011 to December 30th, 2018. We defined stating period to initiate to take palivizumab as 8 - 12 weeks before from the peak of outbreak. We estimated whether the week is included in starting period or not from April 1st to the peak of outbreak by the past number of patients of RS virus infection on week and its squared. Additionally, we have to take delay in NOSSID into consideration. Results: In nationwide, the last two seasons, the model predicted precisely the starting period. At prefectural level, the model predicted the starting period precisely in 16.6% of all year and prefectures pairs. When we consider the delay in NOSSID into consideration, the patients can start to take in 14.9% of all year and prefectures pairs. Discussion and Conclusion: The result of the probability model was not good, and thus we have to develop more sophisticated model for prediction at prefecture level.

BETWEEN HONOR AND HUMILIATION:——STARTING FROM THE RIGHTS AND WRONGS BY FOREIGN INVESTMENT(Ⅲ)

The Poor Becomes Even Poorer, And TheRich Becomes Even Richer-The Mat-thew Effect In Foreign Investmenthe nature of the capital is keen on the rich but cold-shoul-der the poor. If you are rich, dollars, pounds or RMBs wouldgreet you with a genial smile. If you are poor, you will beignored. Maybe, you will be provided with some "grants", to showtheir generosity and mercy. Nevertheless, with regard to invest-ment, not a chance.Therefore, foreign investment in China takes the followingshape:by regions, the realized foreign investment in the 18 prov-inces and autonomous regions of the Mid-West accounts for lessthan 10% of the national total even though the area is in greatneed of funds; by industrial sectors, agriculture has only a tinyshare of less than 2% of total foreign investment in China eventhough it cniovs first Prioritv in economic development and de-mands immediate strengthening; likewise, foreign investment

BETWEEN HONOR AND HUMILIATION: STARTING FROM THE RIGHTS AND WRONGS BY FOREIGN INVESTMENT (Ⅱ)

Money Scatters Everywhere in China It is said that the saving ratio of China is close to 40%.Authoritative persons thus analyze in this way: theoretically, 40% saving ratio of a country is enough tosustain its economic growth at the rate over 10% even at thetime of its economic take-off; practically, "Four Tigers" inAsia achieved high economic growth in 1960s and 1970s withtheir saving ratio only about 30%. Conclusion: with the 40% saving ratio, or domesticfunds, China can fully sustain the growth rate of 8-9 % thisyear. The question remains: why do we want to introduceforeign funds? Why do we allow foreigners to come and maketens percent of profit while we can only get bits of

Experimental study of the critical sand starting velocity of gas-watersand flow in an inclined pipe

The purpose of this paper is to study the critical sand starting velocity and transformation law of flow pattern based on gas-water-sand three-phase flow in an inclined pipe.Firstly,the indoor simulation experiment system of gas-water-sand three-phase flow was used to test the conversion law of flow pattern based upon the different gas void fraction.Secondly,the influence of slug bubbles on sand migration was investigated according to distinctive hole deviation angles,gas void fraction and sand concentration.Finally,the critical sand starting velocity was tested based on dissimilar hole deviation angles,gas void fraction,sand concentration and sand particle size,and then the influence of the abovementioned key parameters on the sand starting velocity was debated based on the force analysis of the sand particles.The experimental results illustrated that when the gas void fraction was less than 5%,it was bubbly flow.When it increased from 5%to 30%,the bubbly flow and slug flow coexisted.When it was between 30%and 50%,the slug flow and agitated flow coexisted.When it reached 50%,it was agitated flow.Providing that the hole deviation angle was 90°,the phenomenon of overall migration and wavelike migration on the surface of sand bed was observed.On the contrary,the phenomenon of rolling and jumping migration was recognized.The critical sand starting velocity was positively correlated with the hole deviation angle and sand particle size,but negatively associated with the gas void fraction and sand concentration.This research can provide a certain reference for sand-starting production in the field of petroleum engineering.

Reconstruction of the starting time series of rainy season in Yunnan and the evolvement of summer monsoon during 1711-1982

According to the textual research into the historical documents dominated by archives yearly, as well as the verification with several other kinds of data, the later or earlier starting time of the rainy seasons in Yunnan during 1711-1982 has been reconstructed. The analysis indicates that there are obvious fluctuations in the starting date of the rainy seasons in Yunnan in a year or years, and long fluctuation on the decadal scale. The rainy season comes earlier in the early 18th century, later in the 19th century and earlier again in the 20th century. This reflects to a certain degree the gradual change of the summer monsoon in Yunnan. There exists an obvious quasi-3 years cycle, which is related to EI-Nino＇s quasi-3 years cycle, and a 11.3-year cycle which is notably related to the 11-year cycle of the solar activity of starting date of the rainy seasons in Yunnan. Meanwhile, the dissertation finds that the EI-Nino is very important to the starting date of the rainy seasons in Yunnan. The starting date of the rainy seasons in Yunnan often comes later or normally in the year of EI-Nino. However, there is an obvious imperfect period in such influence, which in turn may mean that there is a certain fluctuation in the effect of ENSO on Asian summer monsoon.

THE INFLUENCE OF THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF TWT CATHODE-HEATER ASSEMBLY BY DIFFERENT CONTACT FORM BETWEEN INNER HEAT SHIELD AND SUPPORT CYLINDER

In this paper,the influence of thermal performance of cathode-heater assembly of Traveling Wave Tube(TWT),which has different contact form between inner heat shield and supporting cylinder,is analyzed using the simulation software ANSYS.With both thermal radiation and heat conduction are considered,the temperature and heat flux distribution of structures with different contact form are calculated,and also starting time which is needed before temperature come into steady status.The result of analysis suggests that changing the contact form between inner heat shield and support cylinder can influence the thermal performance of cathode-heater assembly and improve assembly's temperature distribution and promote heater's heating efficiency.The result of this paper provides theoretical guidance in the design of cathode-heater assembly.

Electronically Controlling the System of Preheating Intake Air by Flame for Diesel Engine Cold-Start

In order to improve the cold start performance of heavy duty diesel engine, electronically controlling the preheating of intake air by flame was researched. According to simulation and thermodynamic analysis about the partial working processes of the diesel engine, the amount of heat energy, enough to make the fuel self ignite at the end of compression process at different temperatures of coolant and intake air, was calculated. Several HY20 preheating plugs were used to heat up the intake air. Meanwhile, an electronic control system based on 8 bit micro controller unit (MCS 8031) was designed to automatically control the process of heating intake air. According to the various temperatures of coolant and ambient air, one plug or two plugs can automatically be selected to heat intake air. The demo experiment validated that the total system could operate successfully and achieve the scheduled function.

A method for determining vegetation growth process using remote sensing data: A case study in the Three-River Headwaters Region, China

Accurate measurements of the associated vegetation phenological dynamics are crucial for understanding the relationship between climate change and terrestrial ecosystems. However, at present, most vegetation phenological calculations are based on a single algorithm or method. Because of the spatial, temporal, and ecological complexity of the vegetation growth processes, a single algorithm or method for monitoring all these processes has been indicated to be elusive. Therefore, in this study, from the perspective of plant growth characteristics, we established a method to remotely determine the start of the growth season(SOG) and the end of the growth season(EOG), in which the maximum relative change rate of the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) corresponds to the SOG, and the next minimum absolute change rate of the NDVI corresponds to the EOG. Taking the Three-River Headwaters Region in 2000–2013 as an example, we ascertained the spatiotemporal and vertical characteristics of its vegetation phenological changes. Then, in contrast to the actual air temperature data, observed data and other related studies, we found that the SOG and EOG calculated by the proposed method is closer to the time corresponding to the air temperature, and the trends of the SOG and EOG calculated by the proposed method are in good agreement with other relevant studies. Meantime, the error of the SOG between the calculated and observed in this study is smaller than that in other studies.

Simulation study on starting of dual clutch transmission for tracked vehicles

In order to study the application of dual clutch transmission （DCT） on tracked vehicles, a simulation moclel and two control methods were performed for starting analysis. Based on a certain transmission of an existing tracked vehicle, a DCT structure was proposed. Matlab/Simulink was a dopted as a platform to develop the simulation model. The engine speed was controlled to follow the target speed as a launch strategy. Two control methods, a proportional integral derivative （ PID ） control method and a fuzzy control method, were proposed to control the engine throttle and oil pressure in order to track the target engine speed. Simulation results show that either the PID control or fuzzy control method can improve the starting performance compared with no loop control meth od. Fuzzy control method can lead a better starting quality compared with PID control method.

Multiple excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomies for Avellino corneal dystrophy:a case report

Dear Editor,I am Chihiro Koiwa,from the Department of Ophthalmology,Juntendo University Hospital.I am writing this letter to present a case of multiple excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomies(PTKs)for Avellino corneal dystrophy(ACD).Corneal dystrophy is a common type of hereditary,noninflammatory,and bilateral corneal disorder that involves various pathological,histological,and clinical manifestations[1].Advanced molecular gene sequencing has identified specific mutations that are associated with most dystrophies of this type.ACD,also known as granular corneal dystrophy typeⅡ[2],is autosomal dominant and associated with the R124H mutation of the transforming growth factor beta-induced(TGFBI)gene and characterized by deposits consistent with both discrete granular and lattice corneal opacities[3-4].An analysis of the TGFBI gene is essential to differentiate ACD because heterozygous R124H mutation carriers have minimal corneal abnormalities,whereas homozygotes have severe visual impairment,starting from early childhood,and early postoperative recurrence of corneal opacity.

Dynamics simulation of the belt conveyor possessing feedback loop during starting

Synthesizing the mechanical models of the belt, the driver and the take-up device, the dynamics model was established on the longitudinal vibration of the overall belt conveyor system with finite elemental method, and S-function simulation block of asynchronous motor owing feedback function was built in Matlab/Simulink software, the simulation block indicates that motor rotation speed and its output moment vary with load and time, and the motor is a dynamic feedback system in working process. The state space block was adopted to express model of the belt. Thus it created simulation model of established dynamic model of overall belt conveyor system with Mat- lab/Simulink software, and simulates the course of starting by properly setting simulation parameters, and processes data for visualization.

Role of End-ring Configuration in Shaping IE4 Induction Motor Performance

The performance characteristics,particularly the starting performance of direct line-fed induction motors,which are mainly influenced by the design of the rotor,are crucial considerations for end-users.It is quite a challenging issue for motor manufacturers to enhance the starting performance of existing mass-produced motors with minimal modifications and expenses.In this paper,a simple and cost-effective method to improve the starting performance of a commercial squirrel-cage induction motor(SCIM)is proposed.The influence of geometric parameters of the end-ring on the performance characteristics,including starting(locked rotor)torque,pull-up and break down torque,starting current,rotor electric parameters,current density,power losses,and efficiency have been comprehensively investigated.It has been revealed that among the other end-ring design parameters,the ring thickness has a significant effect on the performance characteristics.An optimal end-ring thickness is determined,and its performance characteristics have been compared to those of its initial counterpart.Numeric and parametric analyses have been conducted using a 2D time-stepping finite element method(FEM).The FEM results were validated using experimental measurements obtained from an 11 kW SCIM prototype.

THE EVOLUTION OF STARTING VORTEX AND SECONDARY SEPARATION ON AN ELLIPTIC CYLINDER

Flow visualization was used to investigate experimentally the evolution process from symmetrical shedding to staggered shedding of the starting vortex and the phenomenon of secondary separation on an elliptic cylinder at moderate Reynolds numbers.The vortex structure of the flow separation was studied.The temporal variation of separation angle and length of wake vortex were given. The photographs and experimental results provided basis for further investigation of the complicated feature of the starting process of unsteady separated flows around an elliptic cylinder.

New Approach to the Power Selection for Asynchronous Motor

The heating calculation of three-phase squirrel- cage asynchronous motor on the condition of starting for a prescribed rotary angle is firstly studied with time dissection method and its corresponding algorithm is provided. Then based upon the algorithm, a new method for motor power selection is established. Motor initial power determined by load power ischecked and modified in terms of time crit erion, heating criterion,and starting torque criterion.An appropriate motor power which meets three criterions is obtained at last, in the meantime, working displacement matrix andfrequency matrix used for control are acquired. Lifting motor of MDJ1800 low-level high- speed palletizer is taken as a reaI case in the paper.

STUDY OF THE STARTING CURRENT AND FREQUENCY DEVIATION OF ELECTROSTATIC GYROMONOTRON

From relativistic linear Vlasov-Maxwell equations,the expressions of the startingcurrent and frequency deviation of a electrostatic gyromonotron with a field distribution sin k‖zare derived and the numerical calculation is carried out.

Numerical Simulation of Cold-Start Emission for the Three-Way Catalytic Converter: Mathematical Model and Result Analysis

This paper integrated a two-dimensional axisymmetrical transient model applicable to cold-start emission applications. The model can be used to simulate and explain effects of the flow and temperature distribution on performance of a converter. The evolutions of distribution of the temperature and concentration in the monolith during the cold-start period and the effects of flow distribution in the monolith on the cold-start performance are simulated in terms of the integrated model. The investigation indicates that the axial and radial gradients of temperature of the solid become steeper as the inlet gas temperature ramp increases; this furthermore results in the movement of reaction region in the monolith, and the flow distribution in the monolith affects the radial distribution of temperature of the solid;the radial gradients of temperature of the solid become greater as the flow uniformity index decreases, whereas the light-off time doesn't always increase as the flow uniformity index decreases. The analyses on the distribution of temperature and concentration in the monolith show that the catalytic reaction zone concentrates in central area near the front face. The predicted curves of the velocity distribution have a good agreement with the experimental data.