Local State Capacity and Uneven Taxation across Industrial Firms

In this research we investigate the association between local state capacity(LSC)and effective tax burdens(ETBs)on industrial firms within counties between 1998 and 2013.The LSC measures a state's capacity for policy implementation and specifically its ability to acquire low-cost agricultural land for nonagricultural(industrial or commercial)purposes.Based on China's government-led development experience since the 1990s,we draw on two unique household survey datasets to capture LSC at county level.We find robust evidence that greater LSC was associated with much lower ETBs on large industrial firms.This taxation pattern implies local government's primary reliance on larger manufacturing firms,while the ETBs for small-and-medium enterprises are not as prominently addressed.This research highlights that LSC can affect both the amount of revenue a local government can generate and the methods it uses to collect these revenues.

Orbital electronic heat capacity of hydrogenated monolayer and bilayer graphene

The tight-binding Harrison model and Green＇s function approach have been utilized in order to investigate the contribution of hybridized orbitals in the electronic density of states（DOS） and electronic heat capacity（EHC） for four hydrogenated structures, including monolayer chair-like, table-like, bilayer AA- and finally AB-stacked graphene. After hydrogenation, monolayer graphene and bilayer graphene are behave as semiconducting systems owning a wide direct band gap and this means that all orbitals have several states around the Fermi level. The energy gap in DOS and Schottky anomaly in EHC curves of these structures are compared together illustrating the maximum and minimum band gaps are appear for monolayer chair-like and bilayer AA-stacked graphane, respectively. In spite of these, our findings show that the maximum and minimum values of Schottky anomaly appear for hydrogenated bilayer AA-stacked and monolayer table-like configurations, respectively.

Assessing the Effectiveness of the Carrot and Stick Counter-terrorist Measure:A Comparison of Algeria and Yemen

This article seeks to explain the differing counter-terrorist effects in Algeria and Yemen over the past two decades.While terrorism peaked in both countries in the late 1990s and incumbents in both countries responded with“carrot and stick”strategies,the results have been entirely different,with Yemen mired in deeper violence,whereas domestic terrorist forces were almost wiped out in Algeria in the late 2000s.To account for this variance and to measure the effects of the“carrot and stick”approach,the article adopts the state capacity model by analyzing how Bouteflika centralized Algeria’s bureaucracy and administration since 1999 which facilitated the communication between the intelligence,military and judiciary,thus strengthening military operations and law enforcement,and how Saleh’s Yemen filled with separatism and sectarianism aggravated the regime’s deficiencies of information collection and revenue concentration,leading to the continuation of terrorism.Evidence from my framework and cases suggest that coping with terrorist violence requires much more thoroughgoing measures than military blows;legislative efforts and national dialogues.The study is not limited to the cases of Algeria and Yemen,but aims at shedding light on more countries confronted with terrorist threat.