STUDY OF REENGINEERING THE STOCK EQUITY STRUCTURE IN CHINESE STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISE REFORM

In this paper,it is first briefly described the basic situation and current policies of state owned enterprise reform in China.Then the major issues in the reform process are identified,the possible solutions in terms of reengineering stock equity structure and state share circulation are discussed,and finally some suggestions are made for the further state owned enterprise reform.Basing on the theory on the modern corporation system,relevant experiences of market economy nations and the practice of Chinese enterprise system reform.The approaches to determine the proportion of state share in the future corporations are proposed.Since the public ownership is not ideologically appropriate,the establishment of social security fund and mutual fund investment companies are suggested as new and acceptable pattern of public ownership.It is believed that these companies will be the major institutional shareholders in the future corporations.Their stock equity structure would mainly consist of institutional shareholders,which will be both consistent with international norms of modern corporations and with socialist public ownership with Chinese characteristics.

Vehicle Fleet Management Practices and Service Delivery in State Owned Enterprises in Zimbabwe

The main objective of the study was to examine the influence of vehicle fleet management practices on service delivery in State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in Zimbabwe. The study adopted a pragmatism research philosophy together with a mixed method research paradigm. In addition, structured questionnaires were distributed to 344 respondents drawn from 86 SOEs. Stratified and purposive sampling was used. Descriptive statistics were calculated using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 20. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was done on all items of the study while research hypotheses were tested using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) in AMOS version 21. The study concluded that vehicle maintenance, fuel management, driver management and vehicle replacement positively influence service delivery. In addition, the study also established that Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) moderate the influence of vehicle fleet management practices on service delivery. The study recommended that there is need for regular driver training and vehicle programs encompassing electronic spares tracking.

Fundamental issues and solutions in the design of China's ETS pilots:Allowance allocation,price mechanism and state-owned key enterprises

This paper analyzes the three main fundamental issues in the design of China's ETS pilots,including allowance allocation,price mechanism and state-owned key enterprises,and proposed suggested solutions.For the issue of allowance allocation,we suggest that the gradual hybrid mode could be applied at the beginning,which starts with mainly free allocation and then increases auction ratio gradually.And grandfathering is a suitable method of free allocation.For the issue of price mechanism,we suggest a price floating zone with open market operation to reduce the uncertainty of prices.For the issue of state-owned key enterprises,we suggest a good coordination with SASAC,defining the state-owned property right and supervision right when state-owned key enterprises are involved into the carbon market,and the local government can set rules of allocation and transaction to limit their potential market power.

The Comparative Discussion of State Owned Enterprise in Competition Law

Reflect on the benefits and costs of the current approaches in the European Union and the People’s Republic of China.To the conclusion that State Owned Enterprises(SOE)’s and more generally state conduct should be fully covered by competition law.

Profit Delivery Proportion,Operation Performance and Bond Rating of Agricultural State-owned Enterprises

The distribution relationship between the profits of state-owned enterprises and the state has been constantly changing with the times. From the state implementing the policy that state-owned enterprises not pay profits to the state in 1994 to the constant growth of stateowned enterprises in the 21st century,their profits have become more and more abundant. Until 2007,the state issued a document stipulates that the state-owned enterprises should pay part of their profits to the state,but at the initial stage of trial implementation of the policy,the implementation was not effective,and finally in 2010 the state officially announced the collection of profits from state-owned enterprises and increased the proportion of collection. From the perspective of agricultural state-owned enterprises,using the difference-in-difference( DID)model,this paper studied the state policy of increasing the profit delivery proportion of state-owned enterprises in 2020. Through CSMAR database,we selected agricultural state-owned listed companies in the 2008-2013 as samples,tested the impact of the implementation of the new policy in 2010 on the operation performance of agricultural state-owned enterprises,evaluated the implementation effect of the policy through comparing the operation performance before and after the policy,and explored whether the policy has an impact on the bond rating. Through empirical research,it found that increasing the profit delivery proportion of state-owned enterprises is helpful for improving the operation performance of state-owned enterprises and improving the quality of bond ratings,and this policy has more prominent effects on stimulating the performance of monopolistic state-owned enterprises. Therefore,collection of some profits from state-owned enterprises can promote better development of state-owned enterprises and also benefit both the state and the people.

Research on evaluation model of technology innovation ability of state-owned enterprises in northeast industry base

The paper viewed the current problem that state-owned enterprises in northeast industry base hadn＇t technologies of their own intellectual property right, whose sources mainly depended on imitation and introduction from abroad. Operational evaluation method and index criteria system of enterprises technology innovation ability were put forward in this paper, different enterprises may revise the model according to their actual situations to evaluate the enterprise technological innovation ability scientifically and quickly. The findings will be helpful to correlative departments to formulate the related policies and also has important theoretical and practical value in technological innovation project of enterprise.

国有企业的低碳双元战略发展路径——基于上海申通地铁集团的案例研究

在中国特色社会主义经济制度下,国有企业始终肩负着发展经济和服务社会的双重使命。根据企业所处的行业特点与所承担的业务特征,国有企业很可能面临高耗能的挑战。选取上海申通地铁集团有限公司作为典型案例,基于双元理论探究国有企业低碳双元战略的动态发展路径。研究发现,国有企业的低碳发展首先是将低碳理念融入其“经济—社会”双元目标,形成具有经济属性的成本性和效益性低碳导向,以及具有社会属性的政策性和公益性低碳导向。基于此,国有企业开发低碳双元战略实践,包括具有经济属性的低碳成本管理和低碳业务投资,以及具有社会属性的低碳政策落实和产业低碳引领。此外,知识和资源开发促进了低碳双元战略实践的相互转化,实现了低碳双元战略的协调统一。研究结论既为国有企业低碳发展中的协同辩证关系提供了新的理解,又拓展了双元理论在企业低碳管理领域的应用。

逆向混改助力民企创新——国有资本参股对民营企业双元创新投入的影响研究

逆向混改有利于提高民营企业创新投入吗?以A股民营控股上市公司为样本考察国有资本参股的逆向混改对民营企业双元创新投入的影响后发现:首先,国有资本参股对于民营企业双元创新投入存在异质性影响,即能够显著提高民营企业开发式创新投入,而对探索式创新投入无明显作用(国企“两利一率”考核压力影响了国有资本参股对民营企业探索式创新投入的作用);其次,缓解融资约束与提高风险承担能力是上述关系的作用机制;再次,制度环境、行业竞争和技术董事数量等情境因素会影响国有资本参股对民营企业开发式创新投入的治理效果;最后,国有资本参股能够通过提高开发式创新投入的方式提高民营企业价值。通过揭示国有资本参股对民营企业双元创新投入的影响及其作用机理,回应了国有产权对民营企业创新作用的研究分歧,也拓宽了混合所有制改革思路。

数字互联是否提升了国有企业的创新水平?——影响识别和机制检验

促进国有企业创新对国民经济高质量发展至关重要。利用2011~2021年国有企业的微观数据,采用微观计量分析方法,检验数字互联是否对国有企业创新能力和创新效率的提升具有显著影响。实证结果表明,数字互联显著提高了国有企业的创新能力,但是对国有企业创新效率的影响不显著。数字互联对不同技术类别国有企业创新能力和创新效率的影响存在着明显的异质性特征。进一步从企业成本、人力资本、公司治理三个方面检验了数字互联对国有企业创新影响的机制,结果表明,数字互联对企业创新能力的影响并不存在明显的所有制差异。在今后的国有企业改革中,应该广泛借助新一代信息数字化技术提升国有企业的创新能力。

内部控制、国家审计与国企避税

选取2007-2017年上市中央企业集团为研究对象,实证检验内部控制对国企避税的影响作用以及国家审计监督对两者关系的调节效应。研究结果表明,内部控制具有抑制国企避税的治理功能,国家审计监督会显著增强内部控制对国企避税的抑制作用,说明内部控制和国家审计是深入理解国有企业税负水平及其变化的重要因素。进一步研究发现,内部控制对避税的治理效应在地区税收征管强度小、社会审计质量低和避税激进的国企中更为显著;通过分解内部控制五要素后研究发现,内部控制对避税的抑制效应集中体现在控制活动和信息与沟通两大要素上。机制分析结果表明,内部控制可以通过缓解企业融资约束来达到抑制企业避税的治理目的。

人口年龄结构变动会影响创新吗?

为了研究人口年龄结构变动对创新的影响,使用1990年和2000年全国人口普查微观数据、中国专利数据库、国泰安数据库以及城市统计年鉴相关数据,用历史出生年份预测的年轻劳动力比重构建人口结构变动指标,探讨人口年龄结构变动,特别是20~34岁人口占劳动力人口的比重的变动对地区创新绩效的影响。研究表明,年轻劳动力人口比重的提高对专利数量和质量都有显著的促进作用。年龄结构变动对非国有企业创新的影响相对于国有企业更明显,并且年轻劳动力更有可能是通过劳动力供给渠道促进创新。

非国有资本参股对国有企业数字化转型的影响研究

国有企业推进数字化转型在促进自身发展升级时也能产生广泛的社会价值。基于2007—2020年上市企业数据,对非国有资本参股与国有企业数字化转型的关系及其内在机理进行实证分析。研究结果表明:国有企业在数字化转型中面临情境式困境,非国有资本参股通过加强企业创新动力、激发高管企业家精神与完善人才激励机制促进数字化转型,从而实现国有经济的高质量发展,但其效果会因国有企业特征、非国有资本特征以及外部环境特征有所差异。

数字金融能否抑制国有企业过度投资?——基于A股国有上市公司的实证研究

选取2012—2020年沪深A股国有企业作为样本,实证分析数字金融与国有企业过度投资的关系。研究发现,数字金融对国有企业的过度投资具有显著的抑制作用,且数字金融可以通过减少国有企业的代理成本来抑制其过度投资。此外,市场竞争和高管背景特征在数字金融对国有企业过度投资的影响中具有调节作用,市场竞争能够强化数字金融对国有企业过度投资的抑制作用。高管任期越久更有利于数字金融抑制国有企业过度投资,但高管年龄、性别对于数字金融抑制国有企业过度投资无显著关系。进一步,数字金融的覆盖广度和使用深度对国有企业过度投资现象的改善效果更加明显。相比央企,数字金融对地方国企过度投资的影响更加显著,相比特定功能性国企,数字金融对一般竞争性国企过度投资的影响更加显著。

数字化转型能提升国有企业资本配置效率吗?

进入数字经济时代,数字化转型已成为国有企业高质量发展的必经之路。在此背景下,探究数字化转型与资本配置效率之间的内在逻辑关系,对增强国有企业活力和提升国有企业资本效率具有重要理论和实践意义。以2009-2021年沪深A股上市的非金融国有企业为样本,从外部成本以及内部治理两个层面实证检验数字化转型对国有企业资本配置效率的影响效果及作用机制。结论说明:1)数字化转型能够显著改善国有企业资本要素错配,提升国企资本配置效率。2)机制分析表明,数字化转型能通过缓解信息不对称、降低代理成本以及改善融资约束,优化国有企业资本要素配置。3)从市场、政府以及国有企业自身层面来看,首先数字化转型在一定程度上能替代外部不完备的资本市场。在资本市场发育程度较低环境中,数字化转型更能改善国有企业资本要素错配。其次较高的财政补贴隐含过多的政策性负担,弱化数字化转型对国有企业资本效率提升效果。最后在较高水平内部控制环境中,数字化赋能显著提升国企资本配置效率。研究有助于深化数字化转型赋能国有企业资本配置效率的效果和机制,为探究我国国有企业高质量发展提供学理依据及决策参考。

国有企业负责人经营业绩考核:制度特征分析与指标维度优化

业绩考核制度是落实企业责任、激发企业活力,并由此推动经济社会运行的重要机制。在对比股东主导和市场主导两种业绩考核逻辑,分析、认知国有企业负责人经营业绩考核制度的基础上,探究了业绩考核制度的本质特征,即国有企业负责人经营业绩考核制度是一项以考核为抓手的产权管理体系,是以目标设定与过程管理为核心的“自驱式”机制设计。强调应唯经营(而非考核)出业绩,并且正向激励与风险容错是业绩考核赋能企业发展的重要属性。现行业绩考核指标体系还难以引导国有企业高质量发展,建议围绕“产业布局、经营生态、创新驱动、风险管理、财务收益”五个维度进一步优化国有企业负责人经营业绩考核指标,且以年度考核为核心,形成导向明确、相对稳定、可预期的考核指标体系,并赋予企业负责人一定的自由裁量权,以提高考核制度效果,助力中国经济高质量发展。

“反向混改”与民营企业数字化转型:国有资本参股视角

民营企业是推动我国经济高质量发展、建设现代化经济体系的重要主体,如何推动其数字化转型具有重要战略意义。基于资源效应和治理效应视角,探讨国有资本参股这一“反向混改”形式对民营企业数字化转型的影响,发现国有资本参股对民营企业数字化转型具有显著促进作用,经过一系列稳健性检验该实证结果依然成立。机制分析发现,国有资本参股有利于缓解民营企业数字化人才匮乏和代理冲突问题,进而可赋能其数字化转型。异质性分析表明,中小规模民营企业、成长性较高的民营企业、行业集中度较高的民营企业及单一国有股东参股的民营企业,其国有资本参股的数字化激励效应更为显著。该结论为明晰国有资本参股民营企业共同推动数字化发展的联动机理、依托“反向混改”激发民营经济发展活力提供了经验证据和路径参考。

国有企业职业经理人制度改革研究

我国的改革是对社会主义制度的自我完善,其中,国有企业改革需要将加强党的领导与市场化发展统一起来。因此,国有企业职业经理人制度改革,必须坚持中国特色社会主义市场化改革的方向,采取分类分层改革的方式,以市场化选聘、契约化管理、差异化薪酬、市场化退出为重点环节,因企制宜、循序渐进地推进。改革开放以来,我国国有企业职业经理人制度改革经历了改革准备、初步酝酿、试水调整、推广深化四个阶段,探索形成了四化管理、自愿转身、灵活市场化、部分市场化等典型模式,取得了显著成效,但还存在市场化选聘未能达到预期效果、契约化管理存在难点、差异化薪酬设计不合理、市场化退出机制不完善、监管及配套机制不健全等问题。应坚持党管干部、党管人才的原则,重塑企业文化,增强市场观念,充分发挥市场机制作用,弘扬企业家精神,完善治理体系,逐步建设具有中国特色的现代职业经理人制度体系。

国企改革三年行动收官后国企改革重点方向思路研究

国企是推进中国式现代化的核心主体,是实现中华民族伟大复兴和有效应对世界百年未有之大变局的重要力量。文章重点描述国企改革三年行动取得的主要成绩,通过三年行动破除了一批体制机制障碍,有效解决了一批长期没有解决的难题,在许多重要领域和关键环节实现重塑、重构;同时,阐述了当前国企改革存在的问题,在支撑企业核心竞争力提高和核心功能增强方面还有不足,在支撑中国式现代化建设中还存在诸多体制机制障碍;最后,提出了未来进一步推进国企改革的主要思路。研究得出,要继续通过实施更具战略性、系统性、突破性、实质性的国企改革提升行动,建设中国特色现代新国企,充分发挥在建设现代化产业体系、构建新发展格局中的科技创新、产业控制、安全支撑、国计民生、公共服务功能与作用。

国资监管体制改革与国有企业投资效率

国资监管体制已由“管资产与管人管事相结合”的模式向以“管资本”为主的模式转变,这为国有企业的高质量发展提供了制度保障。本文以2009—2019年中国沪深A股上市国有企业为样本,实证检验国资监管体制改革对国有企业投资效率的影响。研究结果表明,国资监管体制改革显著提升了国有企业投资效率,代理成本降低与政府干预弱化在其中发挥了中介作用。进一步研究发现,政府治理水平在国资监管体制改革与国有企业投资效率之间具有正向调节作用。异质性分析发现,在非西部地区和金字塔层级低的国有企业中,国资监管体制改革对其投资效率的提升作用更显著。经济后果检验表明,国资监管体制改革通过提高国有企业投资效率提升了国有企业价值。研究结论为进一步深化国资国企改革提供了经验证据。