Common Core State Standards＂ What＇s Next？

Common Core Assessment is a national initiate that is designed to provide P-12 students with results that could be used to help prepare them for work and college readiness. Emphasis is also placed on rigor will also be identified while raising the curriculum standards in the United States to a competitive international level. The purpose of this research is to examine the results from the Common Core Assessment completed in the States of New York and Kentucky. The Common Core Assessment resulting from these states were selected because a review of the literature determined that these were the two States in the United States that have reported test results. Specifically, this paper will review assessment results and provide an opinion on the future implementation of Common Core Standards in the United States.

The State Environmental Protection Standards Planning During 11^(th) Five-Year Plan (2006-2010)

This planning is stipulated to reinforce Decision by State Council onReinforrcing Environmental Protection with Views of Scientific Development, to give impetus to theenforcement and supervision along legal, standardized and scientific lines, to strengthenwell-structured laws and regulations for environmental protection, to improve the system oftechnical laws, regulations and standards for environmental protection, scientifically establishenvironmental standards and to dovetail environmental protection standards and targets. PresentSituation and Problems Concerning State Environmental Protection Standardization System PresentSituation of State Environmental Protection Standardization System China''s environmental protectionstandardization started side by side with environmental protection. The year 1973 witnessed China''sfirst environmental protection stand ard-Trial Standard of Industrial ''Three Wastes'' Discharge.After the development of over three decades, China''s environmental protection standard system,composed of national and local scales, has begun to take shape. National environmental protectionstandards range from environmental quality standard, pollutant discharge and control standards,standard sample, industrial standard for environmental protection, to other standards.

Importance of Standards Underlined in State Council's National Nutrition Plan

The General Office of the State Council released National Nutrition Plan （2017-2030） （Plan for short） to improve national health and nutrition on July 13. The plan sets a goal to make substantial improvements by 2030 in reducing student obesity, ane- mia, and stunted development afflicting children younger than 5, as well as raising residents＇ nutritional awareness.

Influence of Modifiers, Extractants, and Trappers on Lipid Composition with Liquids in Standard State Extraction, Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Trapping by Supercritical Fluid Extraction, Part II

Modifiers have a broad array of influences on extraction with liquids in standard state, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), trapping by SFE and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). They can significantly change the qualitative and quantitative results. Quantitative and qualitative results can be influenced by different extractants and modifiers in different ways as it was shown by Brondz et al. at 2007 in “The real nature of the indole alkaloids in Cortinarius infractus: Evaluation of artifact formation through solvent extraction method development”, J. Chromatography A, 1148, 1-7. The choice of correct extractant, modifier, and trapper to the bulk mobile phase for supercritical fluids (SFs) or for liquids in subcritical or in the liquids in standard state is a challenge in any extraction procedure. This is the second paper in a sequence that describes the influence of extractants and modifiers on the performance of SFs and results of extraction with liquids in standard state and SFE. Here, attention is given to possible mistakes in qualitative and quantitative results by poor understanding of the influence of extractants, modifiers, and trappers on extraction and trapping process by a careless choice of extractant, modifier, and trapper for extraction with liquids in standard state and SFE. The SF chosen for discussion in the paper is CO2. However, similar effects can be observed with use of other SFs and fluids in subcritical and standard states. In this paper, the discussion of lipids, fatty and carboxylic acids have been chosen as target analytes for extraction, trapping and analysis. Some examples from extraction with liquids in the standard state and trapping in the supercritical state (collection) have been furnished with the wrong extractant, modifier, or trapper which is presented for illustration of inappropriate choice of extractants, modifiers, and trappers.

Modulatory effect of International standard Scalp Acupuncture on brain activation in the elderly as revealed by resting-state fMRI

The specific mechanisms by which acupuncture affects the central nervous system are unclear. In the International Standard Scalp Acupuncture system, acupuncture needles are applied at the middle line of the vertex, anterior parietal-temporal oblique line, and the posterior parietal-temporal oblique line. We conducted a single-arm prospective clinical trial in which seven healthy elderly volunteers (three men and four women;50–70 years old) received International Standard Scalp Acupuncture at MS5 (the mid-sagittal line between Baihui (DU20) and Qianding (DU21)), the left MS6 (line joining Sishencong (EX-HN1) and Xuanli (GB6)), and the left MS7 (line joining DU20 and Qubin (GB7)). After acupuncture, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated changes in the fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations and regional homogeneity in various areas, showing remarkable enhancement of regional homogeneity in the bilateral anterior cingulate, left medial frontal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus. Functional connectivity based on a seed region at the right middle frontal gyrus (42, 51, 9) decreased at the bilateral medial superior frontal gyrus. Our data preliminarily indicates that the international standard scalp acupuncture in healthy elderly participants specifcally enhances the correlation between the brain regions involved in cognition and implementation of the brain network regulation system and the surrounding adjacent brain regions. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the China-Japan Union Hospital at Jilin University, China, on July 18, 2016 (approval No. 2016ks043).

The development of brain functional connectivity networks revealed by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging

Previous studies on brain functional connectivity networks in children have mainly focused on changes in function in specific brain regions, as opposed to whole brain connectivity in healthy children. By analyzing the independent components of activation and network connectivity between brain regions, we examined brain activity status and development trends in children aged 3 and 5 years. These data could provide a reference for brain function rehabilitation in children with illness or abnormal function. We acquired functional magnetic resonance images from 15 3-year-old children and 15 5-year-old children under natural sleep cond让ions. The participants were recruited from five kindergartens in the Nanshan District of Shenzhen City, China. The parents of the participants signed an informed consent form with the premise that they had been fully informed regarding the experimental protocol. We used masked independent component analysis and BrainNet Viewer software to explore the independent components of the brain and correlation connections between brain regions. We identified seven independent components in the two groups of children, including the executive control network, the dorsal attention network, the default mode network, the left frontoparietal network, the right frontoparietal network, the salience network, and the motor network. In the default mode network, the posterior cingulate cortex, medial frontal gyrus, and inferior parietal lobule were activated in both 3- and 5-year-old children, supporting the "three-brain region theory” of the default mode network. In the frontoparietal network, the frontal and parietal gyri were activated in the two groups of children, and functional connectivity was strengthened in 5-year-olds compared with 3-year-olds, although the nodes and network connections were not yet mature. The high-correlation network connections in the default mode networks and dorsal attention networks had been significantly strengthened in 5-year-olds vs. 3-year-olds. Further, the salience network in the 3-year-old children included an activated insula/inferior frontal gyrus-anterior cingulate cortex network circu让 and an activated thalamus-parahippocampal-posterior cingulate cortex-subcortical regions network circuit. By the age of 5 years, no des and high-correlation network connections (edges) were reduced in the salience network. Overall, activation of the dorsal attention network, default mode network, left frontoparietal network, and right frontoparietal network increased (the volume of activation increased, the signals strengthened, and the high-correlation connections increased and strengthened) in 5-year-olds compared with 3-year-olds, but activation in some brain nodes weakened or disappeared in the salience network, and the network connections (edges) were reduced. Between the ages of 3 and 5 years, we observed a tendency for function in some brain regions to be strengthened and for the generalization of activation to be reduced, indicating that specialization begins to develop at this time. The study protocol was approved by the local ethics committee of the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in China with approval No. SIAT-IRB- 131115-H0075 on November 15, 2013.

美国电子资源相关标准规范研究

近年来,数字阅读在全民阅读中所占的比重越来越大,图书馆提供更加丰富的数字资源服务已是大势所趋。然而,我国公共数字文化建设还存在平台、管理、资源方面互联互通程度不高等问题,要建设优质的电子资源管理平台,需要完善的标准作为支撑。文章通过调研电子资源相关标准较为完备的美国,以《电子资源管理系统未来标准需求白皮书》为主要参考依据,将世界先行执行组织作为标杆,对白皮书发布后重要标准的变化进行分析,为完善我国相关标准规范提供借鉴,同时为电子资源产业行业的健康发展提供支持。

美国教师专业标准的功能定位及其背景与动因

标准的功能定位是影响教师标准价值实现的关键因素。而教师标准应该如何进行功能定位不可抽象而论,应置于特定的时空环境中加以审视。在提升教育质量成为压倒性诉求、以问责制为主导话语的教育改革时代,美国却选择了发展导向的教师标准。美国之所以作出如此选择,背后有着教师地位不高进而影响教师供给的客观背景,职业专业主义的思想背景以及分权制背景下美国联邦政府期望透过发展导向教师标准干预教师质量提升的主观考量。

医用直线加速器非标准束流状态下对剂量学输出影响的研究

目的探讨非标准束流状态对医用直线加速器剂量学参数的影响。方法以Elekta Precise医用直线加速器为研究对象,通过在维修模式调整6 MV束流的伺服参数,模拟常规参数的变化特性,获得4种非标准束流状态(以上参数不稳定致使设备报对应联锁,但复位后设备可继续出束),包括剂量率、2R Err(y方向的均整度与对称性报错值)、2T Err(x方向的均整度与对称性报错值)、Hump Err(峰值报错值)联锁。采用UNIDOS剂量仪、MatriXX二维矩阵及ArcCheck三维剂量验证设备分别测量不同非标准束流状态下的绝对剂量、能量辐射品质、均整度与对称性、调强剂量验证γ通过率等剂量学参数,并与标准束流状态的剂量学参数进行比较。结果非标准束流状态下,除2R Err联锁的剂量学参数与标准束流状态保持一致外,其他非标准束流状态的剂量学参数均与标准束流状态有明显差异。结论医用直线加速器偶尔报2R Err联锁不影响设备的剂量学参数及临床应用,但剂量率不稳、2T Err及Hump Err联锁会影响设备的剂量学参数,需及时进行质量控制。

基于OPT的标准化流程干预在慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉手术患者中的应用

目的 探讨基于结局现状对照(outcome-present state test, OPT)模型的标准化流程干预在慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉手术患者中的应用效果。方法 选取2022年9月-2023年9月于本院接受鼻内镜鼻窦手术治疗的慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者86例为研究对象,按照入院顺序进行分组,将2022年9月-2023年2月入院的41例患者设为对照组,2023年3月-9月入院的45例患者设为观察组。对照组行常规护理干预,观察组行基于OPT模型的标准化流程干预。比较2组Lund-Kennedy鼻内镜评分、鼻腔鼻窦结局测试22条(sino-nasal outcome test-22,SNOT-22)、术后并发症发生情况。结果 术后4周,观察组Lund-Kennedy、SNOT-22评分、术后并发症发生率均低于对照组(t=2.102,P=0.039;t=2.431,P=0.017;χ2=4.174,P=0.041)。结论 基于OPT模型的标准化流程干预可提高手术效果,促进患者康复,改善患者生活质量。

“社会域”“社会力”与国家治理

“社会域”是以强互惠为核心特征的公民共同生活场域,在现实中主要由体现这一核心特征的各类社会组织构成,是这些社会组织的关系网络或构型。由于协同治理、民主政治、国家认同以及社会本位的需要,社会域对国家治理至关重要。社会域对国家治理的影响即为“社会力”,主要体现在监督政府、监督市场、影响公共政策的制定和发展、提供公共服务、维护道德秩序、公民人格塑造与扩大社会参与等方面。面向现代化的国家治理,需要发展社会域、提振社会力,并通过培育社会成员现代意识、发展社会组织、繁荣公共领域、注重社区营造、充实社会资本、激活社会经济等途径逐步实现。

欧美亚典型发达国家洪水标准及应对气候变化策略

针对洪水标准选用及应对气候变化适应性政策制定问题,系统调研欧美亚典型发达国家在该领域的研究及应用成果,从工程设计洪水标准和流域洪水管理标准等角度综述美国、荷兰、英国和日本洪水标准的制定政策,从气候变化对设计暴雨/洪水的影响角度分析总结英国和日本在应对气候变化上的适应性对策。建议在洪水标准及气候适应对策研究中抛弃单纯依据大坝尺寸确定洪水标准的方式,基于动态发展及整体-局部互馈关联视角,兼顾气候变化对暴雨洪水的影响,从洪水潜在危害及风险角度出发,制定相应的政策规范。本综述可为我国新时期洪水标准选用规则及适应气候变化策略的制定提供参考。

美国和欧盟标准化战略对我国医疗器械标准化工作的启示

目的为我国医疗器械标准化战略的制订和实施提供新思路,助推我国医疗器械产业高质量发展。方法通过对比研究美国和欧盟标准化战略,了解其医疗器械标准化工作的现状及未来的宏观发展方向。总结我国医疗器械标准化工作发展历程,并就该领域发展提出建议。结果与结论美国标准化战略稳定性较强,且注重科技标准化;欧盟战略性和政治性更高,且与产业政策联系紧密;两者均是以国际标准化为核心的“控制国际标准型国际贸易战略”,关注标准的应用,重视标准化工作人才队伍建设。我国标准化工作起步晚、基础较薄弱,在其具体实施措施的制订和落实方面对产业高质量发展的规范性和引领性作用还不够。基于此,未来应强化医疗器械标准化战略的制订,以及医疗器械标准数字化建设和医疗器械标准化人才队伍建设。

数字教材落实国家事权:潜在风险、应然路向与行动策略

数字教材具有国家事权的基本属性。实践中,法律依据不足、权责与协作规范模糊、监督与保障机制不足等因素导致数字教材落实国家事权存在偏离教材目标与宗旨、虚置事权运转程序、扰乱事权运行秩序、悖反事权指向利益等风险。当前,我国数字教材落实国家事权具有鲜明的标准化路向,并体现填补法律规范不足,促进多元主体参与、程序高效运转、创新发展与应用推广等应然路向。数字教材落实国家事权,既要重视标准化路径建设,还要完善数字教材基本法律依据、优化权责体系配置、人财物保障机制。

非标准状态下脉压变异率评估患者容量反应性的研究进展

容量反应性是目标导向液体治疗(GDFT)的核心,脉压变异率(PPV)反映每搏输出量随呼吸的变化,能够准确评估患者的容量反应性。然而,PPV监测依赖于心肺相互作用,测量时有严格的条件限制。PPV测量的标准状态要求患者接受机械通气,潮气量至少为预测体重(PBW)8 ml/kg,同时不合并自主呼吸、低肺顺应性、心律失常、胸腔开放、腹内高压和高呼吸频率等,不完全满足上述测量条件时测得的PPV则为非标准状态下PPV。临床上多数患者不满足PPV测量的标准状态,因此如何保证非标准状态下PPV应用的有效性成为当前临床研究的热点。本文综述了PPV的原理以及非标准状态下PPV的临床应用等内容,为临床合理使用PPV监测提供参考。

美国参与国际标准化的实践及对我国的启示

美国政府积极推动利益相关方参与国际标准化活动,以促进和保障美国在国际标准制定方面的主导地位。本文对美国政府参与国际标准化活动的历程、现状和趋势开展研究,为我国进一步参与国际标准化活动提供参考。

共情关怀联合目标血压控制对高血压患者血压达标及心理状态的影响

目的:探讨共情关怀联合目标血压控制对高血压患者血压达标及心理状态的影响。方法:选取某院在2023年2月—2024年2月收治的80例住院高血压患者,依据随机数字表法将其分成A组(n=40)和B组(n=40)。A组实施常规干预手段,B组在A组基础上给予共情关怀联合目标血压控制干预。比较两组血压[舒张压(DBP)、收缩压(SBP)]水平、血压达标情况、心理状态[汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)]、自我效能[慢性病自我效能量表(CDSES)]、服药依从性、患者满意度。结果:干预1个月后,B组DBP、SBP水平均低于A组(t=6.384,4.190;P<0.05);B组血压达标率高于A组(χ^(2)=5.230;P<0.05);B组HAMA、HAMD评分均低于A组(t=9.084,8.170;P<0.05);B组CDSES各维度及总评分均高于A组(t=5.201,5.371,4.752;P<0.05);B组服药依从率、总满意度均高于A组(χ^(2)=11.114,5.165;P<0.05)。结论:共情关怀联合目标血压控制干预可有效改善高血压患者血压水平,改善其焦虑抑郁状况,提高自我效能感、服药依从性和血压达标率,患者满意度更高。

妇科肿瘤患者心理护理干预模式规范化程序的实施

目的 评价一般护理与心理护理在妇科肿瘤患者对心境状态、睡眠等影响效果。方法 将2022年11月至2023年11月期间江苏省徐州市妇幼保健院确诊的90例妇科肿瘤患者纳为研究对象,进行分组研究。使用随机法选择45例患者命名为观察组(心理护理干预模式规范化程序),另45例患者命名为对照组(一般护理)。评价心理护理与一般护理对患者心境状态、睡眠的影响。结果 护理前,两组紧张、抑郁、慌乱等POMS评分对比,差异无统计学意义(均P> 0.05);护理后,两组紧张、抑郁、慌乱等心境状态量表(POMS)指标得分较护理前均降低,且观察组低于对照组(均P <0.05);观察组睡眠时间、睡眠质量、睡眠障碍、睡眠效率等匹兹堡睡眠质量评分量表(PSQI)指标评分均低于对照组(均P <0.05)。结论 癌症是危及人类身心健康的重要疾病,尤其是妇科肿瘤,对女性生理、心理影响较大。情绪对疾病预后改善较为直接,因而辅以护理干预措施具有重要作用。试验通过实施心理护理规范化程序使患者恐惧、失望、忧郁等心境状态得到改善,客观公正认识肿瘤并积极配合护理实施,减轻生活影响,保持良好睡眠质量。由此可见,妇科肿瘤患者施行心理护理干预模式规范化程序利于改善不良心境,提高睡眠质量,且满意率占比高,护理作用显著。

Asymptotic analysis on weakly forced vibration of axially moving viscoelastic beam constituted by standard linear solid model

The weakly forced vibration of an axially moving viscoelastic beam is inves- tigated. The viscoelastic material of the beam is constituted by the standard linear solid model with the material time derivative involved. The nonlinear equations governing the transverse vibration are derived from the dynamical, constitutive, and geometrical relations. The method of multiple scales is used to determine the steady-state response. The modulation equation is derived from the solvability condition of eliminating secular terms. Closed-form expressions of the amplitude and existence condition of nontrivial steady-state response are derived from the modulation equation. The stability of non- trivial steady-state response is examined via the Routh-Hurwitz criterion.

美国标准化教育整体布局研究

本文从美国国家战略分析入手,剖析美国标准化教育顶层设计和总体布局,研析NIST、ANSI、IEEE等美国典型标准化机构标准化教育工作的重要举措和主要特点,为我国完善标准化教育体系提供一定参考。