State of the Art and Perspectives of Hydroforming of Tubes and Sheets

Hollow parts of high accuracy and high strength can be produced by forming methods using liquid media. Hydroforming of tubes has reached a high standard for small parts (volume some 1000 cm3) and is further developed for larger parts (volume some 10.000 cm3). Processes for hydraulic sheet metal forming are sometimes used for small parts from single sheets These pro-cesses are currently under intensive investigation, which is also true for the processing of double layered sheets Single sheets can be formed using membranes which separate the workpiece and the liquid. This results in interesting possibilities for a part and process integration in one step The forming performance of aluminum alloys can be enhanced by using a heated liquid media when forming without membranes.

Silicon and hybrid silicon photonic devices for intra-datacenter applications: state of the art and perspectives [Invited]

We review the state of the art and our perspectives on silicon and hybrid silicon photonic devices for optical interconnects in datacenters. After a brief discussion of the key requirements for intra-datacenter optical interconnects, we propose a wavelength-division-multiplexing(WDM)-based optical interconnect for intra-datacenter applications. Following our proposed interconnects configuration, the bulk of the review emphasizes recent developments concerning on-chip hybrid silicon microlasers and WDM transmitters, and silicon photonic switch fabrics for intra-datacenters. For hybrid silicon microlasers and WDM transmitters, we outline the remaining challenges and key issues toward realizing low power consumption, direct modulation, and integration of multiwavelength microlaser arrays. For silicon photonic switch fabrics, we review various topologies and configurations of high-port-count N-by-N switch fabrics using Mach–Zehnder interferometers and microring resonators as switch elements, and discuss their prospects toward practical implementations with active reconfiguration.For the microring-based switch fabrics, we review recent developments of active stabilization schemes at the subsystem level. Last, we outline several large challenges and problems for silicon and hybrid silicon photonics to meet for intra-datacenter applications and propose potential solutions.

Pancreatic imaging:Current status of clinical practices and small animal studies

Different causative factors acting on the pancreas can result in diseases such as pancreatitis, diabetes and pancreatic tumors. The high incidence and mortality of pancreatic diseases have placed diagnostic imaging in a crucial position in daily clinical practice. In this minireview article different pancreatic imaging techniques are discussed, from the standard clinical imaging modalities and state of the art clinical magnetic resonance imaging techniques to current situations in pre-clinical pancreatic imaging studies. In particular, the challenges of pre-clinical rodent pancreatic imaging are addressed, with both the image acquisition techniques and the post-processing methods for rodent pancreatic imaging elaborated.

Bibliometric Study Applied to the Overtopping Wave Energy Converter Device

The present study aims to analyze the state of the art of scientific studies about the Overtopping device used to convert sea wave energy into electrical energy,by means the Bibliometric methodology.The development of this study took place through the selection of articles from conference proceedings,as well as national and international journals.The Bibliometric methodology consists of a statistical tool that allows quantifying the measurement of production indexes.Using selected keywords,it was conducted a survey of studies in the online databases of Science Direct,SciELO and Google Scholar.The works found then went through a filtering process,in order to limit the Bibliometric study only to studies about Overtopping devices as sea Wave Energy Converter(WEC).Finally,the investigation of these selected articles was carried out under the optics of production and authorship study,content study and study of bibliographic references.Where it was identified growth in publications related to the topic,methodologies used and,among other indicators,the authors most cited in the analyzed articles.The predominant keywords used were“Wave Energy Converter”and“Overtopping”.It was noted that Brazilian universities are leaders in the productivity,presenting more than 36%of the scientific production regarding Overtopping WECs.