Central SOEs and State-owned Assets Management System Witness Great Reform&Development

Since the beginning of 2005, the central SOEs (state-owned enterprises) earnestly carried out and put into effect various strategies and policies as well as work plans of the Central Committee of the Party and the State Council.They kept forging ahead and carved out in an innovative spirit, and made great achievements worth celebrating in their various work.Both sales revenue and total profits of the central SOEs have been growing rapidly and synchronously, and the quality of the stateowned assets have been further improved and appeared a good momentum.……

The Separation of Powers from Functions and the Establishment of a New Structure of Management and Operation of State-owned Assets

The development of the socialist market economy demands the furtherintensification of the reform of the management operating system (MOS)of the state-owned assets, the strengthening of the efficiency in the man-agement of state-owned assets,and the improvement of the operating bene-

30 years of reform of China's state-owned asset management system

Reform of China’s state-owned asset management system is an important component of China’s economic system reform,but also a key factor in rejuvenating the national economy.In this article,the authors analyzed the background of the reform,summarized the reform process and discussed related question on how to deepen the reform.

Building State-owned Assets Supervision System and Conducting Mixed Ownership Reforms to Reinforce Each Other’s Collaboration

Improving the state-owned assets supervision system(SOASS)can effectively get over the defects of systems and mechanisms and further promote the reform of mixed ownership of state-owned enterprises(SOEs);and the deepening of the reform can advance the change of the SOASS to the supervision on capital.By analyzing the relationship between the SOASS and the reform of mixed ownership of state-owned enterprises,we have found that collaborative promotion of the change of the SOASS to the supervision on capital and promotion of the reform of mixed ownership can do good to ameliorating the corporate management mechanism,improving the market-oriented management mechanism of enterprises and completing the medium-and long-term incentive mechanisms,etc.to enhance business operation efficiency.Due to such prevailing problems as relative dispersion and vagueness of the policies relating to deepening the reform of SOEs,inconsistent progress of the reform of state-owned assets(SOAs)and SOEs,and corporate reform focusing on apprence,improving the SOASS and deepening collaborative development of the reform of mixed ownership of SOEs are hindered by some constraints.To construct and improve the SOASS and the reform of mixed ownership collaboratively,we should make efforts to promote the reform in the following five aspects,namely,placing importance to policy coordination,boosting synchronism of the reform of SOAs and SOEs at different levels and in different areas to coordinate the nationwide reform of SOAs and SOEs,facilitating reform of the mechanism of enterprises of mixed ownership through mixed capital,and promoting the SOASS and stimulating classified monitoring and reform of mixed ownership based on classified reform of SOEs.

An influencing mechanism for ecological asset gains and losses and its optimization and promotion pathways in China

Accounting for the gains and losses of ecological assets holds scientific significance in sustaining human well-being.Based on related research on ecological assets,we established a county-scale ecological asset accounting technology system by analyzing the temporal and spatial variations of county-level ecological assets in China from 1990 to 2018 and clarified the factors which caused the gains and losses of ecological assets.On these bases,optimization and promotion pathways were proposed.The results show that the number of counties dominated by farmland and forest ecological resources accounted for about 45%and 37%of the total counties,respectively.From 1990 to 2018,the quality of county-level ecological stock assets showed an increasing trend,while the water conservation volume decreased in nearly 70%of the counties.The number of counties with the gains(47%)and losses(37%)of ecological flow assets demonstrated spatial patterns which showed the same segmentation characteristics as the“Hu Huanyong Line”,that is,the counties in the vastness of northwest China experienced significant gains,while decreases were widespread in eastern and southern China.The change of ecological assets in more than 70%of the counties was driven by climate change and human activities.The average degree of impact of human activities driving the ecological asset gains in counties was about 80%,while that of climate change causing the ecological asset losses was about 60%.According to various ecological resource types,gain and loss status,and its driving factors,counties in China can be classified into five types:climate change mitigation,climate change adaptation,ecological resources restoration,ecological resources protection,and ecological resources management.Our results indicate that differentiated optimization and promotion pathways can be adopted to achieve desired ecological asset gains.

非流动资产处置损益对企业盈余管理的影响研究

对财政部发文新增的“资产处置损益”科目和利润表“资产处置收益”列报项目给企业盈余管理带来的影响进行探究。新准则的实行细化了会计核算的程度;提高了各类非流动资产处置损益列报的一致性,但扰乱了利润的构成逻辑;赋予了上市公司利用非流动资产处置损益进行盈余管理更大的空间,对整个市场和单个企业的净利润都有影响。提出会计准则应明确资产处置损益的属性、信息使用者应排除非经营性损益的干扰、企业应重视可持续发展能力的建议。

财务报表格式调整的真实经济后果——基于“资产处置损益”列报的准自然实验

自2017年,我国利润表中开始增加列报“资产处置损益”,对原列报于“营业外收支”中的部分项目在“营业利润”之上予以反映。文章利用这一准自然实验,实证考察财务报表格式调整在企业资产处置行为中的真实经济后果性。研究发现,“资产处置损益”列报后,企业资产处置行为显著减少,且资产处置收益与损失均表现出显著减少。在执行一系列稳健性检验后,上述结论依然成立。研究也发现,这一影响主要通过约束企业真实盈余管理行为来实现,且主要集中在“十大”会计师事务所审计的公司组。文章从会计信息披露制度完善视角为会计信息披露准则变化在规范企业资产处置行为中的作用提供经验证据与现实参考。

同股同权同价模式解决国有股流通

解决国有股流通的问题 (实际上包括不能流通的国有股和企业法人股两部分 ,以下同 )必将引发我国证券市场上一次深刻的变革 ,将对证券市场产生极其深远影响。我们本着公平公正的原则提出了同股同权同价的定价模式 ,选取了几个典型的样本进行了处理 ,计算了全面流通对整个市场的影响 ,并与净资产的定价模式进行了比较分析。

资产减值会计准则变更与盈余管理行为研究

本文研究分析了资产减值准则变更对盈余管理行为的遏制效果。研究发现,现行资产减值会计准则禁止转回已计提的资产准备规定,有利于遏制上市公司利用资产减值进行扭亏和大洗澡盈余管理行为。进一步研究发现,现行会计准则并对禁止上市公司转回已计提的流动资产减值准备,导致会计准则的变更并不能有效地遏制上市公司利用流动资产减值来从事扭亏和大清洗盈余管理行为;现行会计准则禁止转回已计提的非流动资产减值准备,导致会计准则的变更有利于遏制上市公司利用非流动资产减值准备从事盈余管理行为。

公允价值计量、资产价值变动与审计收费——基于2009—2012年沪深上市公司的经验证据

公允价值计量具有价值相关性,但也存在资产估价的风险性,这一会计估计风险对以风险成本为基础的审计定价及其变化至关重要。以后金融危机时期2009—2012年沪深上市公司的数据为样本,实证研究公允价值计量下的资产价值变动对审计收费的影响,结果显示:持有资产价值变动总体和公允价值变动损益、资产减值损失分项均显著正向影响审计收费,这表明持有资产价值变动幅度越大,审计收费越高;在持有资产价值变动总体正向影响审计收费的强度逐年显著增强的情况下,公允价值变动损益对审计收费正向影响的显著性提升,但是影响强度下降;资产减值损失对审计收费正向影响的强度和显著性均逐年提升,这表明审计收费蕴含公允价值估计风险和资产计价的公允性。

国有资本收益分配体制改革:在公平与发展之间权衡

在启动国有企业改革相当长的一段时期内,国有资本收益政策性地留存于国有企业或拥有国有资本的非国有企业,这不仅损害了市场经济条件下市场主体公平竞争的原则,而且对于社会主义国家的经济发展也产生了一定的负面影响。本文从公平竞争的角度论述了推动国有资本收益分配体制改革的必要性,并对国有资本收益分配与社会主义市场经济发展的内在联系进行了辩证的分析,最后提出了兼顾公平与发展目标的改革建议。

关于大股东资产掏空条件与防范的博弈分析

在小股东不参与监督或参与监督的假设下,在收益函数的基础上分别讨论大股东进行资产掏空的必要条件,经理与大股东合谋时支付金额的取值范围,大股东与经理合谋进行资产掏空的必要条件,以及提高经理激励报酬,可防范经理与大股东合谋进行资产掏空的策略,得出的结论对防范和治理大股东资产掏空行为具有理论指导意义。

上市公司公允价值相关性分析——基于我国A股市场面板数据的实证研究

2006年我国新会计准则再次引入公允价值计量后,与历史成本计量属性相比,"每股可供出售金融资产公允价值变动净额"和"每股公允价值变动损益"对股票价格具有增量的价值相关性,其中后者的价值相关性显著高于前者。在我国的资本市场中,我国投资者依据公允价值计量的会计信息进行决策选择上也具有增量的价值相关性,体现出公允价值计量所表现的会计信息比历史成本计量的会计信息更具有一定的信息含量。根据2006新会计准则要求采用公允价值计量所披露的现时会计信息比历史成本计量所披露的账面价值信息更具有显著的解释力。

接受非货币性资产捐赠会计:变迁、趋同与启示

企业接受非现金资产捐赠的会计处理大致经历了四个阶段,前三个阶段的主要特点是以资本公积和应交所得税为主线,对会计处理进行变化;而新会计准则改变了作为资本公积处理的做法,还原捐赠的"利得"本质,体现了重要性原则、实质重于形式原则和全面收益观点,实现了与国际惯例趋同。

加快国有技术类无形资产管理改革的对策研究

针对将国有技术类无形资产等同于实物资产的管理制度与促进科技成果转化的整体要求存在的不适应之处,提出我国应进一步放开高校和科研院所对技术类无形资产和收益处置权限,给予高校和科研院所充分的经营自主权,建立适应国有技术类无形资产特点的审批程序,并且通过制度安排保障成果完成人和转化人员在成果转化中权益的解决路径。

反腐败境外追赃法律机制的实践困境与规范因应

反腐败境外追赃法律机制应具备实效性和长效性,立足于解决境外追赃实践难题,着眼于长效法律机制的建立。但是,从境外追赃执法和司法实践来看,资产跨境转移监测法律的实效性不足,境外承认与执行违法所得没收裁判的实践效果不佳,跨境资产返还中资产分享激励作用不明显。腐败资产跨境转移资追踪难、识别难,我国国内法律制度和域外法治缺乏协调性以及资产流入国法律制度差异等是实践困境产生的重要因素。有必要强化资产跨境转移监测法律的适用力度,拓展境外承认与执行违法所得没收裁决的规范依据,建立健全境外追赃资产分享机制,以提升境外追赃法律机制的实践效果。

关于会计要素几个问题的思考

本文注意到会计要素的重要性及其在不同国家财务会计概念框架中的差异性,首先探讨了会计要素设置的决定因素,并分析了与此相关的一个典型问题——为什么现金流量表不设置会计要素。此外,本文还对收入与利得的区分及其经济后果进行了探讨,并分析了资产计价先于收益决定的逻辑基础。最后,本文还对资产的定义进行了综评。

公允价值变动损益与盈余质量相关性的实证研究

对2007年沪深A股上市公司公允价值变动损益与盈余质量的相关性的实证研究表明,公允价值变动损益的计算符合会计准则的规定;公允价值变动损益在总体上提高了盈余质量,可以给投资者提供及时的盈余信息。

资产配置策略与基金系QDII收益分析

本文从前十大重仓股占比、股票集中度、行业集中度、投资区域集中度、夏普指数等指标研究基金系QDII资产配置策略与其收益的关系。统计数据结果表明,过于集中的资产配置对QDII基金收益产生了负效应。同时,QDII基金在成立时机选择、资产配置和外汇投资战略上都欠妥当。由此可见,对于QDII产品而言,资产组合的构建需要符合分散国内系统性风险的原则,否则不会使QDII这种外汇投资基金具有特殊的优势。