Interrelationships between Length of the Day, Moon Distance, Phanerozoic Geodynamic Cycles, Tidal Dissipation and Earth’s Core: Review and Analysis

The rotation of the Earth and the related length of the day (LOD) are predominantly affected by tidal dissipation through the Moon and the growth of the Earth’s core. Due to the increased concentration of mass around the rotation axis of the spinning Earth during the growth of the core the rotation should have been accelerated. Controversially the tidal dissipation by the Moon, which is mainly dependent on the availability of open shallow seas and the kind of Moon escape from a nearby position, acts towards a deceleration of the rotating Earth. Measurements of LOD for Phanerozoic and Precambrian times open ways to solve questions concerning the geodynamical history of the Earth. These measurements encompass investigations of growth patterns in fossils and depositional patterns in sediments (Cyclostratigraphy, Tidalites, Stromatolites, Rhythmites). These patterns contain information on the LOD and on the changing distance between Earth and Moon and can be used as well for a discussion about the growth of the Earth’s core. By updating an older paper with its simple approach as well as incorporating newly published results provided by the geoscientific community, a moderate to fast growth of the core in a hot early Earth will be favored controversially to the assumption of a delayed development of the core in an originally cold Earth. Core development with acceleration of Earth’s rotation and the contemporaneous slowing down due to tidal dissipation during the filling of the ocean may significantly interrelate.

CTCS-2+ATO列控系统对短站坪长度需求适应性研究

研究目的:对于有地下线路的铁路工程,由于开挖土方等方面的问题,要求站坪长度尽量缩短,以节省工程投资。现有CTCS-2+ATO列控系统因其安全防护距离设置位置、车载设备安装位置、适应的运行速度较高等原因,对站坪长度要求较CBTC列控系统长,成为在市域铁路运用时的不利因素,需要对其进行短站坪长度需求的适应性分析并提出适宜的解决方法,提升系统的竞争力。研究结论:(1)侧线股道增设安全线,基于列车停稳信息及时解锁过走防护区段、利用应答器报文增加过走防护区段信息、及时回缩列控移动授权范围等配套方法,将安全距离、附加距离设于目标点信号机的内方,利用安全线及咽喉区线路缩短股道区线路长度;(2)合理约束车载应答器接收天线安装位置,根据市域列车运行速度计算、确定可靠解析出报文所需要的应答器距离信号机距离,以及应答器组间最小距离要求,最终确定股道出站应答器安装位置最小长度需求;(3)经折返线道岔侧向的进路不发低频码,轨道电路长度仅考虑轨道占用检查时间,进一步缩短折返道岔区段长度要求;(4)本研究成果在市域铁路中有广阔的运用前景。

Monte Carlo calculation of the exposure of Chinese female astronauts to earth’s trapped radiation on board the Chinese Space Station

With the development of China’s crewed space mission,the space radiation risk for astronauts is increasingly prominent.This paper describes a simulation of the radiation doses experienced by a Chinese female voxel phantom on board the Chinese Space Station(CSS)performed using the Monte Carlo N-Particle(MCNP)software.The absorbed dose,equivalent dose,and effective dose experienced by the voxel phantom and its critical organs are discussed for different levels of shielding of the Tianhe core module.The risk of space-radiation exposure is then assessed by comparing these doses with the current risk limits in China(the skin dose limit for short-term low-earth-orbit missions)and the NASA figures(National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements Report No.98)for female astronauts.The results obtained can be used to guide and optimize the radiation protection provided for manned space missions.

基于广义S变换的光伏电站谐波和间谐波分析方法

针对S变换高斯窗函数形式固定不变的问题,引入高斯窗调节因子改进S变换,提出一种基于广义S变换的光伏电站谐波和间谐波分析方法。首先通过MATLAB/Simulink搭建光伏电站的仿真模型,在自然采样双极性SPWM调制方式下采集逆变器的三相输出电压;然后以A相电压为例,采用广义S变换对电压信号处理得到一个模时频矩阵;最后对该矩阵分析实现光伏电站谐波和间谐波参数的准确计算。仿真结果表明,本文方法的幅值计算误差最大仅为3.30×10^(-4)%,频率的平均计算误差为0%,远小于S变换幅值误差35.19%和频率误差2.39%;能满足光伏电站谐波和间谐波检测精度的需要。

Length optimization of straight line connecting turnout on main line in high-speed railway station yard

Taking the development of high-speed railway in China as background, and referring to the dynamic theory and wheel-rail contact mode, dynamic analysis model was established, considering the setting position of straight lines and running conditions of train in high-speed railway station yard. Using the established model, and choosing vehicle lateral acceleration and wheel suspension as the evaluation indexes, dynamic characteristic of vehicle traveling in turnout and adjacent area on main line was analyzed, and effects on travelling safety and stability of train aroused by length variation of straight lines were calculated based on analyzing the damping rules of vibration. The results show that, a certain length of straight lines can alleviate the vibration aroused in turnout and curve(turnout), length of straight lines connecting turnouts in different sections on main line was proposed to meet the demand of traveling stability, and shortening or cancelation of straight line for the scale limitation of station yard has less influence on operation safety of train.

Planck Scale Fluid Mechanics: Measuring the Planck Length from Fluid Mechanics Independent of G

We demonstrate how to extract the Planck length from hydrostatic pressure without relying on any knowledge of Newton’s gravitational constant, G. By measuring the pressure from a water column, we can determine the Planck length without requiring knowledge of either G or the Planck constant. This experiment is simple to perform and cost-effective, making it not only of interest to researchers studying gravity but also suitable for low-budget educational settings. Despite its simplicity, this has never been demonstrated to be possible before, and it is achievable due to new theoretical insights into gravity and its connection to quantum gravity and the Planck scale. This provides new insights into fluid mechanics and the Planck scale. We are also exploring initial concepts related to what we are calling “Planck fluid”, which could potentially play a central role in quantum gravity and quantum fluid mechanics.

水泵水轮机S特性对相继甩尾水最小压力的影响

为探究水泵水轮机全特性曲线S特性与尾水压力最小值的联系,基于新丰抽水蓄能电站的过渡过程数值仿真模型模拟了尾水最不利相继甩工况。通过调整机组运行轨迹线附近开度线斜率,对比分析并总结S区形状变化对相继甩工况尾水压力极值的影响规律,提出了一种图形指标,能够应用在抽蓄前期设计中评价S特性对尾水压力影响优劣,并验证其准确性。结果表明,相继甩工况后甩机组流量变化率第一波下降时,机组运行轨迹线呈现完整倒S形,S区形状变化改变了机组流量变化率的大小,导致出现在靠近轨迹线S形下拐点前的尾水压力极值发生变化,给出的图形指标形状越趋近于竖向细长的规则长方形,相应的尾水最小压力的改善效果越好。

地震预警台站在地震定位中的应用——以四川泸定M_(S)6.8地震为例

为了研究预警台站在地震定位中的应用效果,本文以2022年9月5日四川泸定M_(S)6.8地震为例,基于地震预警台站观测资料,使用LOC3D定位方法对主震及2022年9月9日前MS≥3.0余震进行重定位。结果表明:泸定M_(S)6.8地震震中位置与人工目录结果基本一致;预警台站观测资料的加入能够增加各个方位的台站覆盖率,增加近台数量,提供地震事件S波完整震相,有效地约束地震定位结果中的震源深度,提升了地震定位精度,为地震定位提供更全面有效的数据支撑。

2020年伽师M_(S)6.4地震前柯坪台地电阻率数据变化分析

2020年1月19日位于新疆南天山西的柯坪推覆体附近发生了伽师MS6.4地震,通过对距离震中169 km的柯坪地电阻率观测数据分析显示:自2017年10月开始柯坪台两分量地电阻率观测值出现明显速率异常变化,NS向异常变化幅度为-2.33%,EW向为-0.72%;同时两分量表现出各向异性变化,异性度S出现快速下降变化。为了探讨柯坪地电阻率异常同伽师M_(S)6.4地震是否存在力学机理上的联系,本文中通过断层虚位错模型计算了地震前观测点区域内应力应变的分布,并结合震源机制解计算的P轴方向,发现在地震前柯坪地电阻率的异常变化同此次地震具有相关性。

制冷站系统负荷和能效比改进T-S模糊模型构建

制冷站具有非线性、强耦合等特点,导致传统机理的建模面临困难。为实现系统节能优化控制,并改善模型在线修正和移植性能,提出一种基于改进Takagi-Sugeno(T-S)模糊模型的制冷站负荷和能效比动态建模方法,前件结构辨识设计改进天牛须搜索算法,以改善模糊C-均值聚类方法对初值敏感和易陷入局部最优的问题;为实现非线性模型辨识,并降低现场测试数据噪声的影响,设计自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波算法实现模型后件参数辨识和在线修正。实验结果表明,所建立的负荷和能效比预测模型在广州某建筑上运行时,相对误差分别为0.63%和1.49%;使用广州市另一座建筑的数据进行模型可移植性验证,经过500步在线训练,新模型成功收敛,证明所构建模型具备良好的可移植性和适应性。

基于CNN和D-S证据理论的多站协同多功能雷达工作模式识别方法

传统的多功能雷达工作模式识别方法主要利用单一电子侦察设备侦收的脉冲数据完成特征提取,其模型或算法的泛化能力不强。因此,提出基于卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network,CNN)和D-S(Dempster-Shafer)证据理论的多站协同多功能雷达工作模式识别方法。首先,利用轻量级CNN模型对不同方位、不同俯仰下侦察截获分选的脉冲幅度/波形单元数据进行自适应特征提取。其次,利用多站协同侦察系统通过D-S证据理论融合多站协同下不同侦察站点的Softmax分类器的分类结果,实现在差侦察条件下对不同空间方向上的多功能雷达工作模式快速准确识别。仿真验证结果表明,该方法相比于单侦察站条件下具有更好的识别性能。

基于和达法分析2012年新源、和静交界M_(S)6.6地震波速比变化特征

基于新疆地震台网观测报告,利用多台和单台和达法对2012年6月30日新源、和静交界M_(S)6.6地震前后波速比变化特征进行分析。结果显示:①多台和达法结果显示,在新源、和静交界M_(S)6.6地震前,震中周围区域波速比出现低值异常,震后恢复正常值;②单台和达法计算结果表明,波速比异常台站主要分布在震中附近西部和北部,异常形态以高低值突跳为主,仅持续11天时间;③由台站不同方位的地震波速比计算结果可知,波速比历经低值异常—恢复—发震的演变过程。由此证明,波速比变化与未来强震孕育关系密切。

2021年青海玛多MS7.4地震前大武台地电场优势方位角异常特征分析

为了深入了解2021年5月22日青海省玛多M_(S)7.4地震前是否存在地震电信号,本文利用地电场优势方位角方法对大武地电场的原始资料进行了分析,获得了玛多地震前震中附近场地的岩体裂隙结构变化特征,并结合本次地震震中500 km范围内八个地电场台站的岩体裂隙结构变化和该台记录到的以往震例中大武台地电场优势方位角异常变化与中强地震之间的关系进行了综合分析。结果显示:大武台新旧两套地电场数据的地电场优势方位角在震前11个月出现了显著的同步偏转现象,其中大武旧台在震前两个月优势方位角再次出现大幅度上升,异常特征主要表现为优势方位角出现同步快速偏转,最大偏转达到45°—90°;处于同一次级地块的甘孜台、玛曲台与大武台出现准同步异常现象,而其它次级地块上的台站均无异常出现,表明异常响应受到区域构造的影响。再结合大武台地电场使用该方法分析的以往震例表明:大武台的地电场优势方位角异常在中强地震前具有较好的中短期指示意义。

Science Research and Utilization Planning of China’s Space Station in Operation Period 2022–2032

The core module of China’s Space Station(CSS)is scheduled to be launched around the end of 2020,and the experimental module I and II will be launched in the next two years.After on-orbit constructions,CSS will be transferred into an operation period over 10 years(2022–2032 and beyond)to continuously implement space science missions.At present,based on the project selection and research work in the ground development period of CSS,China is systematically making a utilization mission planning for the operation period,which focuses on the fields of aerospace medicine and human research,space life science and biotechnology,microgravity fluid physics,combustion science,materials science,fundamental physics,space astronomy and astrophysics,Earth science,space physics and space environment,space application technology,etc.In combination with the latest development trend of space science and technology,China will continue to update planning for science research and technology development,carry out project cultivation,payload R&D,and upgrade onboard and ground experiment supporting systems to achieve greater comprehensive benefits in science,technology,economy,and society。

Recent Progress in Space Science and Applications of China’s Space Station in 2020-2022

China scheduled to complete the assembly of the T-shaped Tiangong Space Station in 2022,and will enter a new stage of utilization.There are more than 20 experiment racks inside the modules,and more than 50 external onboard payloads mounting spaces,which will support large-scale science and technology experiments during the operation.The development of internal experiment racks and external research accommodations approved during the construction has been completed,of which 4 racks in Tianhe core module,including High Microgravity Level research Rack(HMLR)and Container-less Materials Processing Rack(CMPR),have finished on-orbit tests;while other racks in Wentian and Mengtian experiment modules are under comprehensive ground tests.The Chinese Space Survey Telescope(CSST)has advanced much in the last two years with 24 pre-launch research projects funded and 4 joint science center built in preparation for CSST’s future scientific observations and operations.The systematic research planning for China’s Space Station(CSS)during 2022-2032 is updated with the researches classified into four important areas:space life sciences and human research,microgravity physical sciences,space astronomy and Earth science,and new space technologies and applications.According to the planning,more than 1000 experiments are expected to perform in CSS during the operating period.Overall,the CSS utilization missions are proceeding as planned,which will contribute to the major scientific or application output and have a positive impact on the quality of life on Earth.

Detection and interpretation of the Earth's free oscillations excited by the great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake with GGP station data

The mode serials of the Earth’s free oscillation provide some important information on the Earth’s deep structure and superconducting gravimeters （SG） can investigate the phenomena of the Earth’s free oscillations with high accuracy. The great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake fully excited the Earth’s free oscillations and these signals were perfectly recorded by five superconducting gravimeters in the globe. After the pre-treatment and spectral analysis on the SG observation data, we obtained the experimented mode serials of the Earth’s free oscillations consisting of 147 modes with GGP station data. These observed modes were themselves some new important data for the study of the Earth’s deep structure. On the basis of the discussions on some checked inner-core-sensitive modes, we distinguished three layers from the inner core, and the boundary of the upper layer was compatible with the formerly known transition zone in the inner core based on seismic body waves and supported that there were the hemispherical variation and very lower shear velocity zone in the lower inner core.

Analysis of Hops Length in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks are provided with a limited source of power. The lifetime of such networks is an overwhelming matter in most network applications. This lifetime depends strongly on how efficiently such energy is distributed over the nodes especially during transmitting and receiving data. Each node may route messages to destination nodes either through short hops or long hops. Optimizing the length of these hops may save energy, and therefore extend the lifetime of WSNs. In this paper, we propose a theorem to optimize the hop’s length so to make WSN power consumption minimal. The theorem establishes a simple condition on hop’s length range. Computer simulation when performing such condition on Mica2 sensors and Mica2dot sensors reveals good performance regarding WSNs energy consumption.

Evaluation of axial length/total corneal refractive power ratio as a potential marker for ocular diagnosis of Marfan’s syndrome in children

AIM:To investigate whether the axial length(AL)/total corneal refractive power(TCRP)ratio is a sensitive and simple factor that can be used for the early diagnosis of Marfan’s syndrome(MFS)in children.METHODS:The relationship between the AL/TCRP ratio and the diagnosis of MFS for 192 eyes in 97 children were evaluate.The biological characteristics,including age,sex,AL,and TCRP,were collected from medical records.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was performed to investigate whether the AL/TCRP ratio effectively distinguishes MFS from other subjects.The Youden index was used to re-divide the whole population into two groups according to an AL/TCRP ratio of 0.59.RESULTS:Of 96 subjects(mean age 7.46±3.28 y)evaluated,56(110 eyes)had a definite diagnosis of MFS in childhood based on the revised Ghent criteria,41(82 eyes)with diagnosis of congenital ectopia lentis(EL)were included as a control group.AL was negatively correlated with TCRP,with a linear regression coefficient of-0.36(R2=0.08).A significant correlation was found between age and the AL/TCRP ratio(P=0.023).ROC curve analysis showed that the AL/TCRP ratio distinguished MFS from the other patients at a threshold of 0.59.MFS patients were present in 24/58(41.38%)patients with an AL/TCRP ratio of≤0.59 and in 34/39(87.18%)patients with an AL/TCRP ratio of>0.59.CONCLUSION:An AL/TCRP ratio of>0.59 is significantly associated with the risk of MFS.The AL/TCRP ratio should be measured as a promising marker for the prognosis of children MFS.Changes in the AL/TCRP ratio should be monitored over time.

Diversity of Microflora in Colonic Mucus from Severe Ulcerative Colitis Patients Analyzed by Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism and Clone Libraries of Bacterial 16S rRNA Gene Sequences

Although the gut microflora is thought to be an essential factor in the development of ulcerative colitis (UC), the entire gut microflora occurring in UC remains unknown. Most studies use feces to represent the microflora distribution;however, here we analyzed the bacterial diversity in colonic mucus from UC patients receiving colectomy surgery and control patients. The diversity of microflora was investigated using a combination of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and clone library analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequences. In the T-RFLP analysis, the number of terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs) decreased significantly in UC patients when compared to control samples. Also in the clone library analysis, the number of operational taxonomic units (OTU) and the Shannon diversity index were reduced significantly in UC patients. These molecular analyses reveal an overall dysbiosis in UC patients. No specific pathogen was found, and a strong negative correlation in relative abundance of bacterial populations was observed between the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in the UC patients. This is the first report showing a significant correlation between these two phyla, which may be important characteristics in the pathogenesis of UC.

基于B/S架构的地球物理观测台站管理系统的设计与实现

为做好江苏省地球物理观测台站的运行维护管理工作,解决业务交流不便,尤其是市县台站维护管理缺乏信息化平台等问题,设计实现了基于B/S架构的地球物理观测台站运行维护管理系统,并投入使用。该系统采取任务模式与可视化流程式操作,方便区域地球物理台网中心和台站维护人员快速熟悉并使用,减轻工作负担、提高工作效率,重点弥补了市县站信息化管理薄弱的缺陷,是对全国地球物理台网管理系统的补充和完善。