Analysis of the Impact of Off-farm Employment of Agricultural Labor on Grain Production in Shandong Province and Henan Province

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the impact of off-farm employment of agricultural labor on grain production. [Method] Impact of off-farm employment of agricultural labor on grain production was investigated based on path analysis by using data from 200 counties and cities in Shandong Province and Henan Province in 2000 and 2008. [Result] Off-farm employment of agricultural labor affects grain production through agricultural land use patterns, off-farm employment of agricultural labor has negative impacts on grain production through multiple cropping index and positive impacts through the proportion of grain planting area. The positive impacts were greater in 2008. [Conclusion] Prerequisite of the positive impacts of off-farm employment on grain production is the substitution of agricultural mechanization development and agricultural technology advancement for agricultural labor. Orderly land circulation and scale land use should be promoted to avoid the lack of agricultural labor due to off-farm employment.

Investigation and Analysis on the Selecting and Obtaining Employment of New Generation Migrant workers——A case of Yudu County,Jiangxi Province

The paper conducts an investigation on the new generation migrant workers in view of the selecting and obtaining employment of new generation migrant workers in industrial zone of Yudu County,Ganzhou Province during the period from June 23,2010 to June 27,2010.The basic situation of the selecting and obtaining employment of new generation migrant workers,the expectation and career goals is collected.The chief problems confronted by the selecting and obtaining employment of migrant workers are analyzed.The problems cover substandard employment of enterprises;unsatisfying working and living conditions of new generation migrant workers;the knowledge and technology of new generation migrant workers lag behind the demand of enterprises;the new generation migrant workers lack the spirit of bearing hardships and hard work;new generation migrant workers do not have clear career plan and their demands on studying and training are hard to be materialized;restricted by household registration system,the new generation migrant workers can not enter into their workplace.Countermeasures and suggestions on solving the selecting and obtaining of new generation migrant workers are put forward.Firstly,perfecting the relevant laws and regulations on labors and protecting the each item of labor economic rights of new generation migrant workers;secondly,intensifying vocational training and improving the competitiveness of new generation migrant workers;thirdly,paying attention to the political education and mental health education on new generation migrant workers and launching rich and colorful cultural activities;fourthly,reinforcing the human concern and right protection on new generation migrant workers to enhance their right to say;fifthly,intensifying the reform on household registration and accelerating the process of urbanization.

Spatial Pattern of Female Non-agricultural Employment and Its Driving Forces in Guangdong Province,China:A Perspective of Individual and Family-level

Promoting women’s employment is not only the need of social and economic development,but also the historical mission of liberating women.This paper uses data from the 1%Population Sample Survey,taken in Guangdong Province in 2015,to explore how women’s marital status,education,and family environment affect the female non-agricultural employment rate(FNAER)on a county scale using a spatial-lag model.The results show that:1)The female non-agricultural employment rate in counties of Guangdong Province is low,with more than three-quarters of counties having female non-agricultural employment rate less than 50%.Moreover,the spatial distribution of FNAER is uneven,with the high-value areas concentrated in the southeast and the low-value areas mainly distributed in the central and western parts of Guangdong Province.2)From the perspective of industry,there are significant spatial differences among women.In the southeast,women are mainly engaged in the secondary industry,while in the central and western regions,women are mainly engaged in the tertiary industry.3)Women having better skills and more effective support from the elderly can improve the FNAER.Women having lower skills,smaller-scale families,a higher fertility rate,and households with two or more elderly members have a negative effect on the FNAER.4)Public policies suggest that improving women’s education and their family environment,building social welfare facilities,and repairing the family environment will increase the FNAER.

Study on the Distribution of Migrant Workers＇ Employment Destinations A Case Study of Henan Province, China

The choice of employment destination is the basis of migrant workers＇ spatial flow, the study on the choice of employment destination is helpful to understand the spatial law of migrant workers＇ flow from a micro perspective. Through the case study on 11 sample villages generated by the random stratified sampling in Henan Province, authors of this paper find that the distribution of destinations is dispersed in a large area while concentrated in certain places. Most of the destinations are in counties and outside Henan Province. Migrant workers are mainly concentrated in the economically more developed eastern provinces. The central, though a big source of migrant workers, has not formed a core employment area for migrant workers. The main factors influencing migrant workers＇ choice of employment distances include age, family size, per capita arable land, the village＇s economic development level, the village terrain, transportation, its distance from the nearest city, and workers＇ relationship networks. From the perspective of employment destinations, on a provincial scale, the employment attraction coefficient based on the destination＇s level of economic development and the employment distance, efficiently explains farmers＇ choice of destinations, that is, destinations with a more developed economy and a shorter employment distance are the top choice for migrant workers.

Study on the lack of social security employment in the process of citizenization of the new generation of migrant workers in Jilin Province

Jilin Province, the new generation of migrant workers is an important force in the modernization construction of our province, the new generation of migrant workers into the city is the urbanization of new generation migrant workers directly affects the industrialization in the province, city and modernization level, the new generation of migrant workers into the city has an important role in the urban and rural development. The citizenization of migrant workers is a necessary measure to conform to the trend of historical development, and the government has also been committed to the promotion of the citizenization of migrant workers. The problem of the citizenization of the new generation of migrant workers in our province is based on giving full consideration to the actual situation of migrant workers in our province and drawing on the problems of migrant workers＇ integration into cities in other areas. The citizenization of migrant workers is an important way to improve the urbanization of our province, has a direct impact on the modernization process of our province. To promote and realize the integration of the new generation of migrant workers into the city is an inevitable requirement for China＇ s national conditions and the development of the times.

Research on Coordination between Industrial Structure and Employment Structure in Shandong Province

Industrial structure has been continuously optimized and upgraded with the rapid development of economy in Shandong Province since1980. On the basis of summarizing the changes of industrial structure and employment structure in Shandong Province,the coordination between industrial structure and employment structure in Shandong Province was analyzed by using structure deviation degree and coordination coefficient,and some suggestions to promote the coordinated development of industrial structure and employment structure were put forward according to the practical situations of Shandong Province.

Influences of labor migration on rural household land transfer:A case study of Sichuan Province,China

The influence of labor migration on rural household land transfer has been hotly debated in academic circles, which focuses on whether part-time employment leads to land transfer. Using survey data on rural households in the Sichuan Province, and applying the theoretical framework of new economics of labor migration, this study explores the influences of labor migration on the direction and scale of land transfer from the perspective of rural household structure. The results indicate that: 1) the quantity of laborers has significant influence on the direction and scale of land transfer. The larger the on-farm labor variable(Labor), the lesser the possibility that land will be rented-out and the amount of land rented out will also be smaller. In addition, there is a greater probability that land will be rented-in and the amount of land rented-in will be greater. 2) The greater the ratio of off-farm laborers to rural household laborers(Off-farm) the greater the possibility that land will be rented-out. In addition the higher the ratio of on-farm laborers to the total household laborers(On-farm), the larger the possibility that land will be rented-in. Meanwhile, if the household has individuals at the age of 64 or older(Old) who are engaged in agriculture, there is a smaller possibility that land will be rentedout. 3) the ratio of part-time laborers to rural household laborers(Pluriactivity) have significant inverse U-shaped influences on the rent-in of land as well as the amount of land rented-in. The inflection points are 33.27% and 14.10%, respectively. Such findings confirm the significance of this study in better understanding the influence of labor migration on rural household land transfer.

龙江振兴背景下大学生留省就业思想行为引导策略研究

随着东北振兴战略的持续深入实施,黑龙江作为东北地区的一个重要省份,正在积极推进经济、社会和文化的全面振兴和发展。在龙江振兴的大背景下,大学生留省就业对于地方经济的发展、人才储备的完善以及区域竞争力的提升具有重要意义。然而,当前黑龙江省大学生留省就业还面临诸多不利因素,因此,该文旨在分析这些问题,并提出促进大学生留省就业的思想行为引导策略。

非农就业对农户经济林经营行为的影响

基于福建省林改监测数据,使用OLS最小二乘法和Tobit方法进行估计,实证分析非农就业对农户经济林经营投入及收入的影响效应和组群差异,并对森林保险和林业补贴政策进行调节效应检验。结果表明:非农就业对农户经济林经营的投入与收入均产生抑制作用;本地非农就业与外出务工对农户经济林经营的投入与收入均产生抑制作用;非农就业对家庭居住地距离城市20 km以内的农户经济林经营投入产生显著的抑制作用,而对家庭居住地距离城市20 km以外的农户经济林经营行为的影响不大;非农就业对闽西北林区的农户经济林经营的投入与收入均产生显著的抑制作用,而对闽东南的农户经济林经营的投入与收入影响都不大;非农就业对有森林保险或森林补贴的农户经济林经营的收入具有显著的促进效应,但对其投入的影响效应不显著。因此,应该根据不同就业类型的农户制定出有针对性的差异化的帮扶政策,引导农户经济林经营;根据不同地区特点采取差异化管理手段;完善森林保险、森林补贴政策,设计“重点倾斜性”的补贴政策。同时,积极引入技术人才,加强推广农技服务,完善林业生产外包服务制度。

江苏省制造业劳动力吸纳能力研究--基于用地权属和行业特征视角

制造业是实体经济的重要基础,也是我国拉动劳动力就业的主力军。为了缓解江苏省现今面临的劳动力就业问题,实现制造业的健康有序发展,以江苏省31.7万家制造业企业为样本,计算了江苏省各地级市、区县和不同行业的制造业地均从业人员数,分析制造业企业劳动力吸纳能力的空间分布特征、地域差异及行业差异,并运用多元线性回归模型探究用地权属特征、行业特征以及其他影响因素变量对制造业企业劳动力吸纳能力的影响。研究表明:1)江苏省制造业企业劳动力吸纳能力显著,国有用地权属的制造业企业吸纳劳动力能力明显高于集体用地权属的企业;江苏省制造业劳动力吸纳能力在空间上存在较大差异,国有权属和集体权属用地的企业劳动力吸纳能力总体上均呈现由南向北递减的态势,苏南地区的制造业劳动力吸纳能力高于苏中、苏北地区。2)高新技术和战略新兴产业的制造业企业吸纳劳动力的能力远高于全省平均水平,具有较大的优势。3)国有用地权属和高新技术、战略新兴产业的企业对劳动力吸纳能力均有显著正向影响,上缴税费、销售收入和容积率也有显著促进作用,区域经济发展水平具有一定的影响力。因此,建议优化制造业企业的布局,更好地发挥各地资源优势,吸纳劳动力就业,促进劳动力、资金、技术等要素在地区间合理配置;发挥国有用地权属的企业、高新技术企业及战略新兴产业企业的带动作用,缩小全省制造业吸纳就业水平的差距;坚持以创新发展战略作为战略支持,助力制造业实体经济发展。

企业劳动用工管理问题研究——以山东省L市为例

劳动用工管理是构建和谐劳动关系、促进企业健康发展的坚实基础。规范企业劳动用工管理对提高企业生产效率、促进劳动关系和谐、实现企业经营目标具有重要意义。山东省L市企业劳动用工管理还存在入职程序不完善、薪酬管理不科学、保障体系不健全、离职程序不规范等短板问题。应从规范招聘入职程序、完善劳动规章制度、多措并举促进保障、有理有据办理离职及加强员工民主参与等方面进行劳动用工科学管理,逐步实现劳资共治。

辽宁省流动人口就业特征及优化建议

东三省人口净流出问题已经严重影响该地区的经济发展和社会升级,辽宁省受人口净流出问题影响较晚,2015年,开始出现了人口净流出问题,并在此后的数年中持续保持着人口净流出态势。留住青壮年劳动力,留住高端人才已成为解决东三省经济困境的首要问题。2017年,辽宁省流动人口动态监测数据反映了辽宁省流动人口的特征及流动人口特征与职业选择的交互影响,辽宁省流动人口就业过程中职业倾向性明显,就业出口狭窄,应调整产业结构,完善社会保障,创造新的就业出口,扭转人口外流趋势。

河北省就业市场现状分析及优化建议

就业是民生之本、稳定之基、发展之要。当前,河北省就业结构不断优化,就业服务能力明显增强,就业形势总体保持稳定。但重点群体就业难度仍然压力较大,就业结构性矛盾较为突出,劳动力整体素质和劳动报酬水平与其他省份相比偏低。受京津“虹吸效应”影响,人才流失严重。因此,要实施更加积极的就业政策,增强经济增长带动就业的能力,全力抓好重点群体就业工作,促进劳动者素质和岗位需求相匹配,健全劳动报酬合理增长机制。

数字经济对河北省就业质量影响策略实证研究

文章构建2009—2021年河北省数字经济指标体系与就业质量指标体系,运用OLS回归模型定量精准分析指标之间的关系,探析了数字经济快速发展对河北省就业质量影响强度,测算了河北省数字经济和就业质量的发展水平,实证分析检验河北省数字经济发展对就业质量的影响。研究结果表明数字技术的快速发展能够显著影响河北省就业质量,河北省可以采取因市制宜的方法发展数字化技术、强化数字化人才的培育,制定数字就业引导策略,逐步有效提升河北省就业质量。

改革开放初期湖北省城镇青年就业安置工作研究

1978年党的十一届三中全会以后,大量的城镇青年待业,带来了一些社会问题。党中央、国务院为了解决城镇就业问题,制定了“三结合”的就业方针,把发展集体经济和乡镇企业作为安置城镇青年就业的主要途径。湖北省委和省政府坚决贯彻落实中央政策,积极部署,因地制宜,探索出一条城镇青年就业安置的路径,积累了丰富的经验,不仅促进了社会安定团结和经济建设发展,而且为当今解决青年就业提供了借鉴。

水库移民家庭生计策略研究

随着城镇化进程的不断推进,水库移民的生计策略逐步从传统农业生产向非农生产转变,研究这种变化对于引导移民选择合适的生计策略具有重要的意义。以广东省2020年度大中型水库移民后期扶持政策实施情况监测评估调查数据为基础,测度不同生计策略下移民家庭的生计资本量,并利用收入多样性和收入风险度对其生计系统稳定性进行分析。实例分析表明:纯农就业不利于移民生计快速重构,农兼就业有较好的生计稳定性,而非农就业能快速提高生计资本量;移民收入非农化过程中会带来诸多挑战,应采取适当措施保障水库移民群体的可持续发展。

收入水平影响家庭农场基础设施供给的路径

基于河南省432家粮食种植型家庭农场调查数据,采用多元线性回归模型分析收入水平如何影响家庭农场基础设施供给,并进一步厘清雇工行为、基础设施建设模式两个因素分别与收入水平之间的内在逻辑和作用路径。结果表明:收入水平显著影响家庭农场基础设施供给,且家庭农场雇工投入具有显著的中介作用,能够削弱收入对基础设施供给产生的积极影响;另外,基础设施建设采用合建模式会增强收入对基础设施供给的积极作用,采用自建模式会削弱收入对基础设施供给的正向作用。

基于三螺旋理论视角下提升云南省大学生就业质量的对策研究

对大学生就业质量的关注是国家高质量发展背景下高等教育产出的应有之义,本文基于对云南省不同办学层次、不同地域5所高校2019-2021届毕业生就业质量的实证分析发现,近几年云南省大学生的就业形势基本稳定,但存在就业行业分布比较集中、劳动力市场供求“冷热不均”,就业心态趋于“求稳”,体制内就业竞争激烈,自主创业比例不高、多集中在创业门槛相对不高的行业,用人单位对毕业生综合素质要求更高等趋势。本文依据“三螺旋”理论分析产生这些问题的原因,探讨加强高校、政府、用人单位三者在解决大学生就业工作中协同发力的举措,提升毕业生适应多元劳动力市场需求的能力,以此提高就业质量。

乡村振兴战略背景下湖北职业院校毕业生返乡就业创业路径研究

人才是引领乡村发展的第一资源和重要战略支撑。职业教育是培养技术技能人才和促进经济社会发展的重要支撑,职业院校毕业生返乡就业创业是职业教育服务乡村振兴的人才保障之一。从学生、教师、企业三个层面调研情况看,绝大部分高职院校毕业生来自乡村,但返乡意愿不强烈;教师虽然多数支持学生返乡,但不具备引导学生返乡的意识;企业虽然急需高素质技术技能型人才,但大多没有专门的扶持政策。助推毕业生返乡就业创业,政府和企业需要给予相应的政策支持,激发毕业生返乡的信心;学校应该营造人人引导毕业返乡的氛围,适当调整人才培养方案,帮助毕业生提高返乡就业创业本领;学生本人应该通过参加各种活动,提高自身能力水平,具备乡村振兴所需的能力素质,在乡村才能有更好的发展。

基于Web的高校大学生留省就业信息管理系统

针对常规高校大学生留省就业信息管理系统易受占用率变化影响,导致系统部分功能异常的问题,提出一种基于Web的高校大学生留省就业信息管理系统。硬件部分设计了嵌入式微处理器及BCNB Flash存储器。软件部分构建了信息管理逻辑分层布局架构,设计了就业信息管理功能模块,从而实现了高校大学生留省就业信息管理。系统测试结果表明,设计的高校大学生留省就业信息管理系统的功能模块运行正常,有一定的应用价值。