Short-term Scheduling of Steam Power System in Iron and Steel Industry under Time-of-use Power Price

A generalized formulation for short-term scheduling of steam power system in iron and steel industry under the time-of-use（TOU）power price was presented,with minimization of total operational cost including fuel cost,equipment maintenance cost and the charge of exchange power with main grid.The model took into account the varying nature of surplus byproduct gas flows,several practical technical constraints and the impact of TOU power price.All major types of utility equipments,involving boilers,steam turbines,combined heat and power（CHP）units,and waste heat and energy recovery generators（WHERG）,were separately modeled using thermodynamic balance equations and regression method.In order to solve this complex nonlinear optimization model,a new improved particle swarm optimization（IPSO）algorithm was proposed by incorporating time-variant parameters,a selfadaptive mutation scheme and efficient constraint handling strategies.Finally,a case study for a real industrial example was used for illustrating the model and validating the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Nonlinear Steam Valve Adaptive Controller Design for the Power Systems

Considering generator rotor and valve by external disturbances for turbine regulating system, the nonlinear large disturbance attenuation controller and parameter updating law of turbine speed governor system are designed using backstepping method. The controller not only considers transmission line parameter uncer-tainty, and has attenuated the influences of large external disturbances on system output. The nonlinear con-troller does not have the sensitivity to the influences of external disturbances, but also has strong robustness for system parameters variation, which is because of the transmission line uncertainty being considered in internal disturbances. The simulation results show that the control effect of the large disturbance attenuation controller more advantages by comparing with the control performance of conventional nonlinear robust controller.

Forced Compressed Air Cooling System for a 300 MW Steam Turbine in Waigaoqiao Power Plant

The 300 MW steam turbine installed in Waigaoqiao Power Plant with combined HPIP cylinders of double casing structure is a product of the Shanghai Turbine Works utilizing licensed technology. It has a large heat storage capacity and good thermal insulation, so the metal temperature of first stage of HP cylinder (FSMTI) may reach 400-450℃ after shut down and it takes 7-8 days to cool to 150℃ by natural cooling, Now with a forced cooling system the cooling time may be reduced to 40 hours, so that the turbine may be opened for repair work in about 5-6 days. The cooling system for #2 unit and test procedure are briefly described below.

Integration of a Gas Fired Steam Power Plant with a Total Site Utility Using a New Cogeneration Targeting Procedure

A steam power plant can work as a dual purpose plant for simultaneous production of steam and elec-trical power. In this paper we seek the optimum integration of a steam power plant as a source and a site utility sys-tem as a sink of steam and power. Estimation for the cogeneration potential prior to the design of a central utility system for site utility systems is vital to the targets for site fuel demand as well as heat and power production. In this regard, a new cogeneration targeting procedure is proposed for integration of a steam power plant and a site utility consisting of a process plant. The new methodology seeks the optimal integration based on a new cogenera-tion targeting scheme. In addition, a modified site utility grand composite curve(SUGCC) diagram is proposed and compared to the original SUGCC. A gas fired steam power plant and a process site utility is considered in a case study. The applicability of the developed procedure is tested against other design methods(STAR? and Thermoflex software) through a case study. The proposed method gives comparable results, and the targeting method is used for optimal integration of steam levels. Identifying optimal conditions of steam levels for integration is important in the design of utility systems, as the selection of steam levels in a steam power plant and site utility for integration greatly influences the potential for cogeneration and energy recovery. The integration of steam levels of the steam power plant and the site utility system in the case study demonstrates the usefulness of the method for reducing the overall energy consumption for the site.

Hangzhou Steam Turbine Power(Group)Co.Ltd

The Hangzhou Steam Turbine Power(Group) Co. Ltd (HSTPC) wastransformed into a corporation solelyowned by the state and put into operation inJune 1995. achieving a sales income of overRMB 260 million in the same year (11.59%up from the previous year) and pretax profitsof RMB 41.5 million (a 7.68% increase overthe previous year), of which RMB 21.5 millionwere profits (an increase of 18.44% over theprevious year). The leading product of theHSTPC -- the industrial steam turbine --

基于LSTM阈值法的蒸汽动力辅助系统故障预警研究

为了提高船舶蒸汽动力辅助系统的运行安全性和可靠性,减少系统故障导致的船舶停航和潜在安全事故,提出一种结合长短期记忆网络(Long Short-Term Memory network,LSTM)和阈值法的故障预警方法。首先,利用LSTM模型处理船舶蒸汽动力辅助系统的历史运行数据、学习系统的动态行为和潜在故障模式。其次,通过设定阈值法,结合LSTM模型的预测输出,实现对系统状态的实时监控和故障预警。最后,基于MINIS一体化仿真平台开发的蒸汽动力辅助系统模型,以汽轮给水泵转速故障为例,进行故障预警实验,验证方法的有效性。实验结果显示,结合LSTM的预测能力和阈值法的决策效率,提出的预警模型能有效识别并预警汽轮给水泵的转速故障。通过对比实际故障数据,模型在预测准确性和预警及时性方面均表现出色。该方法不仅提高了故障预警的准确性,而且为船舶维护和安全管理提供了有力决策支持,为类似工业系统的故障预警提供了新的研究思路。

石化企业蒸汽动力系统优化研究进展

蒸汽动力系统是石化企业的重要组成部分,也是能源消耗的主要环节,具有较大的节能潜力。优化蒸汽动力系统结构和运行参数,能够显著降低运行成本,对石化企业节能降碳和挖潜增效具有重要意义。对蒸汽动力系统优化的基本方法、研究进展和应用情况进行综述,着重介绍了启发式方法、元启发式方法、热力学目标法和数学规划法等蒸汽动力系统优化方法。在此基础上,综述了蒸汽动力系统的不确定性优化和多目标优化。归纳了蒸汽动力系统存在的不确定性因素,并介绍了不确定条件下蒸汽动力系统优化的研究进展。总结了蒸汽动力系统的优化目标,并对蒸汽动力系统的多目标优化建模和求解方法进行介绍。最后,对蒸汽动力系统优化的发展方向提出建议。

船用蒸汽排放系统动态特性分析及控制研究

蒸汽排放系统是船舶核动力二回路系统的重要组成部分,在保证核动力系统安全性和机动性方面发挥着重要作用。传统的船舶蒸汽排放系统针对不同的排放工况设置了多种控制逻辑,且采用简单开环顺序控制,存在控制精度低、超调量大、稳定时间长、逻辑切换频繁等问题,难以适应新型全电推进船舶对系统稳定性和安全性的更高要求。鉴于此,以船舶核动力二回路蒸汽排放系统为研究对象,采用时域法、频域法、根轨迹法等,对不同功率水平下的蒸汽排放系统动态特性进行了详细分析,根据系统动态特性研究确定了PI控制参数,设计了新的蒸汽排放控制器,通过与传统控制策略进行对比分析,新设计的控制器不仅简化了控制逻辑,且取得了更加优越的控制性能,为新型船舶的蒸汽排放系统研制提供了有益参考。

“汽电双驱”引风机驱动方案的电气原理与应用

介绍某火力发电厂中“汽电双驱”的引风机驱动方案的配置、结构以及各运行工况。阐述该系统的电气原理、介绍异步电机的参数选取和边界条件;并分析系统工作的稳定性,以及在各种不同工况下,电机、汽轮机和引风机如何配合以实现功率的自平衡。计算该异步电机对降低厂用电率的作用,及其对中压母线电压降和短路电流的影响。

螺杆发电技术在热电厂高除加热蒸汽系统的应用

由于工艺需要,热电厂生产环节中存在着各种各样的节流、减压装置,如减温减压器、减压阀、调节阀。因系统设计、压力匹配方面的原因,上述设备在完成各自功能的前提下,或多或少存在着做功能力损失即“?损”,看似无形,却实实在在消耗了可用能。如何把无形的节流减压损失转化为有形的电能输出,在完成基本功能的同时回收利用部分“?损”,实现能源梯级利用,是工程技术领域值得探究的重大课题。通过螺杆膨胀机发电技术在热电厂高压除氧器进汽系统的优化设计和应用示范,推广了一种节能新技术和新理念。

火电厂汽机润滑油系统故障诊断与处理技术研究

文章深入研究火电厂汽机润滑油系统的故障诊断与处理技术,涵盖油质不良、油温异常、油压波动和设备磨损等常见故障。针对火电厂汽机润滑油系统故障诊断与处理技术进行分析,为提高系统运行效率、降低维护成本提供切实可行的故障管理技术。

电厂汽机热力系统运行的优化研究

以电厂汽机热力系统为对象,深入分析确保系统高效运行的多个优化因素。结合理论与实践探讨汽轮机与发电机组的匹配改进,以提高能量转换效率。研究指出,对汽机热力系统进行细致的能效优化,包括机组能效、疏水系统以及轴封系统和辅助蒸汽系统,可以显著降低能耗并增强运行稳定性。在系统运行操作方面,特别强调了机组启动流程的优化及气泵启动策略的改进,提高了整个系统的响应速度和可靠性。

基于CFD的阀门保温层传热仿真分析

非能动二次侧余热排出(PRS)系统的蒸汽管道与主蒸汽管道相连,给水管线与PRS系统凝水管线相连。在开展系统热工流体分析时发现,若非能动二次侧余热排出系统蒸汽管线与二回路主蒸汽管线之间的蒸汽隔离阀常开,高温蒸汽直接作用于阀门,加上保温层的作用阻碍阀门散热,可能会导致蒸汽隔离阀内部温度过高,引起阀门电装无法正常动作。本文计算分析了PRS系统蒸汽隔离阀带保温层状态下的传热情况,判断阀门在高温流体下是否能保证电机的可用性。

火力发电厂汽轮机分析及处理EH油系统油温异常升高故障

分析火力发电厂汽轮机EH油系统的系统组成和工作原理,重点分析其温度异常升高的原因。其中,外部原因主要包括环境温度高和冷却器故障,内部原因主要包括溢流阀在泵出口供油管道上泄露、蓄能回油阀门不严以及卸荷阀卡塞等。针对火力发电厂汽轮机EH油系统油温异常升高的问题,提出故障处理措施,以确保EH油系统正常运行。

深度调峰火电机组汽动给水系统及配汽系统优化

分析了火电机组汽轮机各系统在深度调峰工况下对经济性的主要影响因素,重点研究了汽动给水系统及配汽系统的运行经济性,使用EBSILON建模平台计算并分析了使用不同汽动给水泵汽源时机组运行经济性的差异,定量计算了不同主蒸汽压力下的机组运行经济性指标,分析了连通管蝶阀参与调节对经济性的影响。结果表明:四段抽汽作为汽源的经济性优于冷再热蒸汽;使用连通管蝶阀对给水泵汽轮机进汽进行调压时,汽轮机热耗率将升高123.7~146.5 kJ/(kW·h);深度调峰时适当降低主蒸汽压力有助于提升机组运行经济性。

1000 MW核电汽轮机超速保护系统方案分析与优化

1000 MW核电汽轮机的电子超速保护系统的硬件检测回路需定期自检。自检时继电器轮流频繁动作,可能导致触点故障,因此有必要对电子超速保护系统进行分析和优化。介绍了1000 MW核电汽轮机电子超速保护系统的原理,分析了电子超速保护系统的三取二逻辑的实现策略和硬件回路保护方案,总结了系统的优点和存在的风险,并针对系统在自检过程中因叠加触点单一故障而导致误跳机的问题,提出了2套并线优化方案。对方案进行了分析对比,认为4路并线优化方案可以有效降低系统自检过程中的误跳机概率,提高运行可靠性。研究成果可为同类机型的汽轮机电子超速保护系统设计提供参考。

核电厂汽动辅助给水泵转速调节系统鲁棒性提升研究

某核电厂二期工程采用了国产化核级汽动辅助给水泵,调试过程中屡次发生给水泵启动时间超标、启动后转速无法稳定、启动过程中超速跳闸事件。对汽动辅助给水泵调速系统进行了建模及分析,研究了电子调速器、电气转换器、气动定位器、气动增速器等部件的工作特性,分析并通过试验比较了不同流量系数的气动增速器对气动执行机构动态响应特性的影响。采用更换小流量系数气动增速器和调速器参数优化的方法,提升了汽动辅助给水泵调速系统的鲁棒性,解决了给水泵启动失败的问题。该研究的过程和成果可作为国产核级汽动辅助给水泵调速系统的设计参考,对于气动执行机构有关的控制系统参数优化、鲁棒性提升等其他同类问题的处理也有重要的指导意义。

A new adaptive backstepping method for nonlinear control of turbine main steam valve

A new approach for nonlinear adaptive control of turbine main steam valve is developed. In comparison with the existing controller based on ＂classical＂ adaptive backstepping, this method does not follow the classical certaintyequivalence principle in the design of adaptive control law. We introduce this approach, for the first time, to power systems and present a novel parameter estimator and dynamic feedback controller for a single machine infinite bus （SMIB） system with steam valve control. This system contains unknown parameters such as reactance of transmission lines. Besides preserving useful nonlinearities and the real-time estimation of uncertain parameters, the proposed approach possesses better performances with respect to the response of the system and the speed of adaptation. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach is better than the design based on ＂classical＂ adaptive backstepping in terms of properties of stability and parameter estimation, and recovers the performance of the ＂full-information＂ controller. Hence, the proposed method provides an alternative for engineers in applications.

基于SVM-BP集成学习的舰船蒸汽动力系统故障诊断

传统故障诊断算法用于舰船蒸汽动力系统非均衡类样本问题存在准确率低且误分类的情况,本文提出一种基于支持向量机-BP神经网络集成学习的故障诊断模型。使用主层次分析法降低原始数据集的特征维度以改善数据量之间的冗余问题,然后设计3个并行的支持向量机分类器进行故障诊断,将分类器的结果数据融合作为BP神经网络的输入,进行二次诊断,得到最终的结果。用仿真平台采集的样本数据进行验证并重复运行30次获取结果,最终模型平均召回率为84%、平均准确率为95.04%。对比传统诊断算法及常用集成算法,该方法的准确率以及少数类样本的召回率明显高于其他诊断方法。

基于马尔可夫链的蒸汽动力系统两阶段随机规划

现有的解决蒸汽动力系统蒸汽需求不确定性的优化方法有随机规划和鲁棒优化,但二者不能同时兼顾稳定性和经济性。本文提出一种基于马尔可夫链的两阶段随机规划去解决这个问题。第一阶段基于空间距离表达划分不确定变量,通过聚类算法划分成不同工况。第二阶段基于状态切换概率构建马尔可夫链,通过场景生成和削减的方法预测蒸汽的需求值。以某煤制气企业蒸汽动力系统为实例建立相应的优化模型,将预测的蒸汽值带入优化模型求解,得出的最优操作方案与随机规划和鲁棒优化法进行对比和分析。结果表明,本优化方法综合了随机规划经济性高和鲁棒优化稳定性高的优点,稳定性和经济性都介于随机规划和鲁棒优化的中间,为解决蒸汽动力系统的不确定优化问题提供了新思路。