Relationship between Hardness and Deformation during Cold Rolling Process of Complex Profles

The hardening on surface of complex profles such as thread and spline manufactured by cold rolling can efectively improve the mechanical properties and surface quality of rolled parts. The distribution of hardness in superfcial layer is closely related to the deformation by rolling. To establish the suitable correlation model for describing the relationship between strain and hardness during cold rolling forming process of complex profles is helpful to the optimization of rolling parameters and improvement of rolling process. In this study, a physical analog experiment refecting the uneven deformation during complex-profle rolling process has been extracted and designed, and then the large date set (more than 400 data points) of training samples refecting the local deformation characteristics of complexprofle rolling have been obtained. Several types of polynomials and power functions were adopted in regression analysis, and the regression correlation models of 45# steel were evaluated by the single-pass and multi-pass physical analog experiments and the complex-profle rolling experiment. The results indicated that the predicting accuracy of polynomial regression model is better in the strain range (i.e., ε < 1.2) of training samples, and the correlation relationship between strain and hardness out strain range (i.e., ε > 1.2) of training samples can be well described by power regression model;so the correlation relationship between strain and hardness during complex-profle rolling process of 45# steel can be characterized by a segmented function such as third-order polynomial in the range ε < 1.2 and power function with a ftting constant in the range ε > 1.2;and the predicting error of the regression model by segmented function is less than 10%.

Continuous FEM simulation of multi-pass plate hot rolling suitable for plate shape analysis

In order to continuously simulate multi-pass plate rolling process,a 3-D elastic hollow-roll model was proposed and an auto mesh-refining module with data passing was developed and integrated with FE software,Marc.The hollow-roll model has equivalent stiffness of bending resistance and deformation to the real solid and much less meshes,so the computational time is greatly reduced.Based on these,the factors influencing plate profile,such as the roll-bending force,initial crown,thermal crown and heat transfer during rolling and inter-pass cooling can be taken into account in the simulation.The auto mesh-refining module with data passing can automatically refine and re-number elements and transfer the nodal and elemental results to the new meshes.Furthermore,the 3-D modeling routine is parametrically developed and can be run independently of Marc pre-processing program.A seven-pass industrial hot rolling process was continuously simulated to validate the accuracy of model.By comparison of the calculated results with the industrial measured data,the rolling force,temperature and plate profile are in good accordance with the measured ones.

Towards Energy Efficient Shape Rolling:Roll Pass Optimal Design and Case Studies

Shape rolling is widely employed in the production of long workpieces with appropriate cross-section profiles for other industrial applications. In the development of shape rolling systems, roll pass design (RPD) plays an essential role on the quality control of products, service life of rolls, productivity of rolling systems, as well as energy consumption of rolling operations. This study attempts to establish a generic strategy based on hybrid modeling and an improved genetic algorithm, to support the optimizations of RPD and shape rolling operations at a systematic perspective. Objectives include improving the quality and efficiency of RPD, reducing energy consumption of shape rolling, as well as releasing the demands on costly trails and expert knowledge in RPD. Hybrid modeling based on cross-disciplinary knowledge is developed to overcome the limitations of isolated single-disciplinary models. And conventional genetic algorithm is improved for the implementation of optimal design. Targeting to integrate empirical data and published reliable solutions into optimizations, a parameters estimation method is proposed to transfer the initially misaligned models into a uniform pattern. A tool based on the Matlab platform is developed to demonstrate the optimal design operations, with case studies involved to validate the proposed methodology.

INFLUENCES OF EDGING ROLL SHAPE ON THE PLASTIC STRAIN DISTRIBUTION OF SLAB DURING MULTI-PASS V-H ROLLING PROCESS

Multi-pass slab vertical-horizontal （V-H） rolling process with variable edging roll shape have been simulated with explicit dynamic finite element method and updating geometric method. The distributions of plastic strain contour in slab daring rolling process with different edging roll and under different rolling stage have been obtained. The results show that there exist two thin strain assembling zones in slab when the flat edging roll is used, and there just exist one strain assembling zone in slab when the edging roll with groove is used. And compared the deformation equality between flat edging roll and edging roll with groove, the lateris better than the former, which supplies the theory prove to the slab deformation distribution during V-H rolling process and is helpful for predicting the slab texture.

Effects of rolling parameters of snake hot rolling on strain distribution of aluminum alloy 7075

The realization way of snake rolling was introduced. Flow velocity, strain and stress distribution of 7075 aluminum alloy plate during snake rolling and symmetrical rolling were analyzed in Deform 3D. Effects of velocity ratio, offset distance between two rolls and pass reduction on the distribution of equivalent strain and shear strain were analyzed. The results show that flow velocity and equivalent strain on the lower layer of the plate are larger than those of the upper layer because of the larger velocity of the lower roll and the gap is increased with the increase of velocity ratio and pass reduction. The shear strain of roiling direction in the center point is almost zero during symmetrical rolling, while it is much larger during snake rolling because of the existence of rub zone. The shear strain is increased with the increase of velocity ratio, offset distance and pass reduction. This additional shear strain is beneficial to improve the in_homogeneous strain distribution.

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF ROUND TO OVAL ROLLING PROCESS

Three dimensional thermal-mechanical coupled elasto-plastic FEM has been used for simulation of round to oval single pass rolling. The analysis was conducted using MARC/AUTOFORCE1. 2 code. The material is assumed to be elasto-plastic and it obey the Von Mises yield criterion and Prandtl- Reuss rule. Deformation of the workpiece is simulated in a step-by-step manner,updating the coordinates of material points and the property after each step, so that both nonsteady-state and stendy-state deformation can be simulated. The heat transfter between the workpiece, the rolls, and enviroment and the heat generation due to plastic work and friction force, are considered in the analys- is.Predicted the deformation shape of the workpiece, distributions of strains, stresses, strain rates and temperatures, roll-separating force and roll torque are presented.

Optimization of Holding Temperature and Holding Thickness for Controlled Rolling on Plate Mill

Holding temperature and holding thickness are main parameters for two-phase controlled rolling on plate mill. The optimization of holding temperature and holding thickness for pass schedule calculation of two-phase controlled rolling on plate mill was presented and its feature is as follows： （1） Determination of holding thickness can be automatically obtained based on the influence of mill safety limits, tracking zone length and holding time on holding thickness; （2） Determination of holding temperature can be automatically obtained and the holding time can be reduced as much as possible; （3） Algorithm can modify the holding temperature and thickness depending on slab size and product size.

卷积神经网络与有限元分析在棒材轧制孔型参数仿真中的应用

为了实现智能化轧制仿真过程,提出了将卷积神经网络(CNN)与有限元分析相结合的方法,利用机器代替人工选择出最佳的轧制仿真结果,并确定最优的孔型参数.首先,将CNN用于轧件道次分类,可发现“卷积神经网络+图像预处理”测试模型精度最高,为91.84%~96%;其次,使用5种评估方法对比轧制仿真结果与理想仿真结果后可得出,均方根误差和感知哈希对仿真结果更为敏感;最后,将孔型参数朝轧制仿真结果变优方向进行修正,对比仿真结果与修正前结果后发现,第2次修正更为理想.本研究中实现了CNN对棒材轧制道次分类,利用机器识别出更优的轧制仿真结果,并确定了更适合的孔型参数,在降低人力、物力消耗,以及实现仿真智能化等方面具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值.

长材轧机热轧钢筋类产品生产概述

结合国家标准对长材轧机热轧钢筋类产品的生产工艺、产品特点等进行解读,并介绍高强螺纹钢筋的几种生产工艺。可供工程技术人员、产品用户等理解各类热轧钢筋的生产工艺、产品特点等。

基于SolidWorks和Ansys的铁路卷状货物横向限位运输座架设计

目的针对卷状货物在铁路运输途中常发生横向窜动,造成货物损伤、危及行车安全等问题,基于当前主流运输座架和技术经验,设计一款安全可靠、适用多种车型、可叠放回送、可循环使用、适合多种规格卷状货物、带有横向限位装置的运输座架。方法根据《铁路货物装载加固规则》,制定最不利工况下的卷状货物装载加固方案;依据《钢结构设计标准》及敞车、平车的结构,确定运输座架的结构和材料;通过SolidWorks-Ansys对运输座架进行建模和有限元分析,得到卷钢座架变形及应力的变化情况。结果通过分析可知,运输座架会受到垂向力、纵向力,其最薄弱部分的应力分别为355.14、341.99 MPa,位移变形量分别为0.55、1.069 mm,符合规定;在最不利工况下,横向限位挡件的最大应力为28.89 MPa,最大变形量为0.04 mm,符合规定。结论设计的铁路横向限位运输座架安全可靠,可有效防止货物发生横向窜动;叠装回送,可实现重去重回。该设计填补了现有运输座架对卷状货物无法进行横向刚性加固的空白,对当下卷状货物运输发展具有较大的促进作用。

Effect of reduction in area per pass on strain distribution and microstructure during caliber rolling in twinning-induced plasticity steel

The effects of reduction in area(RA)per pass during caliber rolling on microstructure and strain distribution of twinninginduced plasticity steel have been investigated to find solutions to make a more homogeneous material along the radial direction for wire rod applications.The steel wires subjected to an average RA per pass of 2.5%(skin pass caliber rolling)and 10.0%(conventional caliber rolling)were analyzed.The skin pass caliber-rolled wire was characterized as a duplex fiber texture of major<111>and minor<100>.and the textures were almost same at/between center and surface area,which is totally different from those of conventional caliber rolling and wire drawing.The skin pass caliber rolling led to more homogeneous microstructure and mechanical properties along the radial direction in comparison with the conventional caliber rolling and wire drawing due to the more homogeneous Hall-Petch hardening,dislocation hardening,and texture behavior with area,resulting in higher formability.

滚仰式导引头斜置方案下的过顶奇异问题控制策略

在末制导阶段,由于制导目标位于弹体纵轴附近,滚仰式结构的导引头易出现奇异性问题而难以精确跟踪目标。针对上述问题,提出基于斜置方案的滚仰式导引头过顶奇异问题控制策略。在导引头稳定平台相对弹体斜置边界俯仰框架角的基础上,通过控制弹体的滚转运动,保证导引头光轴始终避开过顶奇异区域,实现目标位于弹体纵轴附近和斜置导引头初始光轴附近两个过顶奇异区域的稳定跟踪。研究结果表明:所提策略相比于增设第三轴的方法,导引头体积小、质量轻;相比于分区域变参数控制策略,解决了静止和减速控制时过顶奇异区域内导引头对视线角速度跟踪失效的问题;仿真对比结果验证了所提策略具有跟踪精确度高、有效抑制控制系统失稳、降低探测器失调角的特点。

鞍钢Φ110 mm圆钢孔型设计与轧制

鞍钢股份有限公司大型总厂连轧生产线设备升级后,采用“箱形-椭圆-圆-椭圆-圆”的孔型系统,完成了Φ110 mm圆钢孔型设计。轧制后,Φ110 mm圆钢平均成材率达到90.31%,外径在109.10~111.05 mm波动,平均椭圆度1.16 mm,满足生产要求。

基于改进EMD-Kurtogram法的滚动轴承早期故障诊断研究

实现滚动轴承早期故障准确诊断的关键是得到故障部位有效振动信息,但实际工程中所采集到的轴承振动信号常含有噪声、干扰成分,给有效信息的选择带来了困难。带通滤波是解决该问题的有效方法之一,但不合理的滤波器参数会降低诊断结果的准确性。为此,提出一种基于改进EMD-Kurtogram法的滚动轴承早期故障诊断方法。该方法首先对EMD方法处理后的采样信号进行重构,再根据快速谱峭度图得到带通滤波器所需要的最优参数,最后经过带通滤波及时频域分析得到故障频率。通过实验平台验证及相关算法的对比得出,所提方法得到的故障倍频信息更加充分、清晰,所含噪声干扰更少,证明了该方法的有效性和先进性。

B500BD13mm带肋钢筋四线切分轧制生产工艺开发

介绍了石横特钢棒材厂英标B500BD13mm热轧带肋钢筋四切分轧制生产工艺的设计。针对顶出口、切分刀粘铁、力学性能不稳定以及成品尺寸不符合标准问题,分别从提高轧机刚性、优化导卫结构、提高温度工艺控制精度和优化孔型、调整机架间张力的措施着手,实现了热轧带肋钢筋四切分的稳定轧制,最终形成工业化批量生产,年创效360万元,产品质量满足用户需求。

A/O-MBR在冷轧含油废水处理中的应用

在轧钢生产过程中,会产生大量的废水,这些废水如果直接排放,不仅污染环境,而且造成水资源严重浪费。用厌氧/好氧膜生物反应器(A/O-MBR)中试装置和自制聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)内衬膜帘式组件,在南京某钢铁股份有限公司进行轧钢废水处理中试试验,实现轧钢废水的达标排放。试验结果得到,废水的浊度去除率在99%以上,化学需氧量(COD)去除率在90%以上,矿物油去除率在80%以上,产水的浊度、COD、油含量分别可以达到0.2 NTU、50 mg/L、4.5 mg/L以下。膜组件在亚临界通量下长期稳定运行至250 h左右时,跨膜压差(TMP)快速升高并达到极限30 kPa,膜组件达到极限。膜污染阻力分析试验计算得出膜污染的主要类型为滤饼层污染,这部分污染物通过简单水洗即可去除,另外有较大比例的膜孔堵塞污染,这部分污染物是构成不可逆污染的主要成分,也是试验后期TMP快速升高的主要原因。轧钢废水内含的矿物油加剧了膜污染,用低浓度NaClO周期性反洗后收获了良好的效果。

中厚板轧制道次模型的研究

随着制造业的发展,中厚板生产对自动化和信息化技术的需求日益增长。本文针对中厚板生产过程的特点及要求,设计了一套二级轧制道次控制模型。该模型包括材料、物理、温度、再结晶、轧制策略、自适应6个子模型,可实现生产数据的实时处理,确保生产过程的高效运行和产品质量的稳定。通过在某中厚板生产线的应用,该系统表现出良好的稳定性和高效性,显著提高了生产效率与产品质量,降低了生产成本和资源消耗。

平整机组暗纹缺陷形成机理

针对国内某双机架平整机组生产过程中带钢出现的暗纹缺陷,分析了暗纹缺陷的宏观形貌,推断出暗纹形成的原因为平整轧制过程中金属流动受阻,并对比机组在湿平整改造之后的暗纹缺陷消失情况,进一步证实了推断的准确性。首先,通过平整过程中带钢的整体受力情况分析,确定了影响暗纹生成的主要作用力为平整轧制力和带钢与工作辊的摩擦力。针对平整过程中辊系和带钢的受力与变形情况,分别建立了辊系弹性变形模型、带钢出口厚度模型和金属塑性变形模型,进一步确定了通过联立模型求解轧制力沿带钢横向分布的计算方法,根据平整过程中轧制力计算模型给出了摩擦系数的反算方法。在此基础上,采取半无限平面假设分析带钢暗纹的受力模型,并考虑带钢平整过程中受到的垂直集中力和水平集中力,给出了暗纹判定标准并命名为暗纹指数。最后,选取典型规格生产带钢的生产工艺进行计算,确定了不同取样厚度下的暗纹指数,分析了取样厚度与暗纹缺陷发生的关系。

基于特征融合与LOF的滚动轴承性能退化早期故障预警技术

针对传统滚动轴承性能退化故障预警技术未能考虑转子故障干扰的问题,提出了一种基于高通滤波的轴承健康状态评估技术。首先,根据滚动轴承性能退化机理,在传统经典特征以及高通滤波频域特征的基础上,建立了基于特征融合与局部离群因子(LOF)的滚动轴承早期故障预警模型;然后,通过实验验证了所提方法。结果表明该方法在排除转子故障干扰的同时,能够有效识别与追踪轴承性能退化过程,且识别的早期故障发生时间比传统振动加速度有效值突变点提前1700 min。

新型钢模板顺路溜井在上向水平分层充填采矿法中的应用

充填采矿法将是未来地下开采的主要发展方向,优化充填采矿法的开采工艺尤为必要。然而在充填采矿法中溜井作为大部分矿山上部各中段采场矿石实现集中运输,保证各分段出矿能力提高生产力的作用,因此安全高效的溜井施工方案对于提高矿山生产能力,降低施工成本尤为重要。基于此,文章结合湖南某铅锌矿地下开采采用上向水平分层充填采矿法的特点,提出了采用预制钢模板替代传统钢筋砼浇筑制作采场溜矿井的新型钢模板顺路溜井施工方案并在现场进行了应用,现场试验表明,新型钢模板顺路溜井施工方案具有减轻劳动强度、提高生产效率、降低采矿成本、降低作业风险等优点,可为类似矿山上向水平分层充填采矿法溜井施工提供借鉴。