A Physical Core-Loss Model for Laminated Magnetic Sheet Steels

A full-frequency instant core-loss equation built from the induction physical model of magnetic materials, where the iron loss, eddy loss, and hysteresis loss no longer have an integral term, and this new equation provides high simulation accuracy and performs dynamic core loss analysis on non-sinusoidal or pulse magnetic fields. The simulation examples use a high-grade electrical steel sheet 65CS400 by Epstein experimental data covering magnetic field 0.1 - 1.8 T and frequency 50 - 5000 Hz, and the average error of the simulated core loss is less than 4%. Since the simulation is converged by magnetic physical parameters, so the physical relevance of the similar laminated materials can be compared with the coefficient results. .

Microstructure evolution of Mg-Zn-Zr magnesium alloy against soft steel core projectile

The study aimed to shed light on the post deformation and damage behavior of an extruded Mg-Zn-Zr alloy under a ballistic impact.The results revealed that the initial microstructure consisted of both{0001}basal and{1010}prismatic fiber texture.After impact,adiabatic shear bands,pronounce different twinning in big grains,,<c>,and<c+a>types of dislocations,and grain refinement through twinning induce recrystallization accommodated the strain,and absorbed∼65.7%of the energy during impact carried by a soft steel projectile.Interestingly,the deformation behavior at the top broad sides of the crater was entirely different.The weak basal texture was changed to a strong prismatic texture,which was further proved by typical sigmoidal compressive stress-strain curves.A revised model for the development of the ultra-fine grains adjacent to the crater has been proposed.The microhardness and yield strength was∼33%and∼40%higher and chiefly ascribed to strain hardening in ultra-fine grained near the surface of the perforation path.The exit of the perforation path was severely damaged and forms onion-shaped concentric rings which were comprised of melted zones,dimples,and cracks.Based on the all interesting findings,this study can be a clue for the development of the lightweight Mg alloy for military and aerospace applications.

Computer simulation of core filling process of cast high speed steel roll

Core filling process of cast high speed steel roll was simulated.Ductile iron was used as core material.The influences of filling parameters,such as core filling time and core filling temperature,on the filling process were investigated.Based on the simulated results,optimal core filling parameters were determined.The predicted temperature fields show that the temperature at the roll shoulder is the lowest during the core filling process and usually causes binding defects there.Method for solving this problem was presented.

Cold Cracking of Flux Cored Arc Welded Armour Grade High Strength Steel Weldments

In this investigation, an attempt has been made to study the influence of welding consumables on the factors that influence cold cracking of armour grade quenched and tempered （Q＆.T） steel welds. Flux cored arc welding （FCAW） process were used making welds using austenitic stainless steel （ASS） and low hydrogen ferritic steel （LHF） consumables. The diffusible hydrogen levels in the weld metal of the ASS and LHF consumables were determined by mercury method. Residual stresses were evaluated using X-ray stress analyzer and implant test was carried out to study the cold cracking of the welds. Results indicate that ASS welds offer a greater resistance to cold cracking of armour grade Q＆T steel welds.

STUDY ON REDUCING THE CORE LOSS OF GRAIN ORIENTED SILICON STEEL AND IMPROVING ITS AGING PROPERTY BY LASER NITRIDING TECHNIQUE IN ATMOSPHERIC AMBIENT

CW-CO2 laser nitriding technique was applied to improve the properties （such as aging property and the core loss） of grain oriented silicon steel. The samples were nitrided with regular space. Laser power density and scanning speed were chosen as 7.8×10^5W·cm^-2 and 100mm·min^-1. By some laser irradiation, Fe4N and Fe3N were formed in the nitrided zone. The nitrided samples were annealed at the temperatures ranged from 100 to 90℃. The core loss of some interested samples was tested. The results show that the core loss of the nitrided samples with different thickness of 0.23 and 0.30mm decreased by 14.9% and 9.4% respectively, and the aging property were improved up to 800℃. The mechanism of laser nitriding to improve the properties of grain oriented silicon steel is discussed.

Experimental Investigation on the Performance of Armour Grade Q&T Steel Joints Fabricated by Flux Cored Arc Welding with Low Hydrogen Ferritic Consumables

Quenched and Tempered （Q＆T） steels are widely used in the construction of military vehicles due to its high strength to weight ratio and high hardness. These steels are prone to hydrogen induced cracking （HIC） and softening in the heat affected zone （HAZ） after welding. The use of austenitic stainless steel （ASS） consumables to weld the above steel was the only available remedy to avoid HIC because of higher solubility for hydrogen in austenitic phase. Recent studies revealed that low hydrogen ferritic （LHF） steel consumables can also be used to weld Q＆T steels, which can give very low hydrogen levels in the weld deposits and required resistance against cold cracking. Hence, in this investigation an attempt has been made to study the performance of armour grade Q＆T steel joints fabricated by flux cored arc welding with LHF steel consumables. Two different consumables namely （i） austenitic stainless steel and （ii） low hydrogen ferritic steel have been used to fabricate the joints by flux cored arc welding （FCAW） process. The joints fabricated by LHF consumable exhibited superior transverse tensile properties due to the presence of ferrite microstructure in weld metal. The joints fabricated by ASS consumable showed higher impact toughness due to the presence of austenitic phase in weld metal microstructure. The HAZ softening in coarse grain heat affected zone （CGHAZ） is less in the joints fabricated using LHF consumable due to the lower heat input involved during fabrication compared to the joints fabricated using ASS consumables.

Erosion problem in tool steel using cold box core-making process

This paper presents the erosion results of the AISI H13 steel impinged by resin-bonded silica sand, using a testing rig that closely simulates the real blowing conditions during industrial core-making. Steel specimens were heat treated to obtain hardness of 294, 445 and 595 HV200 (29, 45 and 55 HRC). Erosion tests were carried out at impingement angles from 20° to 90° and air drag pressures of 1.38, 2.07 and 2.76 bar (20, 30 and 40 psi). The main results are summarized as follows:(i) The harder material, the lower erosion;(ii) the maximum erosion rate is at 30°;(iii) Little difference in erosion rate at impact angle of 60° and 90° for a constant pressure tested regardless of the hardness level;(iv) As the pressure increases, so does the erosion rate, being more sensitive for low impact angles. Finally, a differential form of the general erosion equation is applied on a practical core-making case to evaluate the erosion rate of the H13 steel at 30° and 90° impingement angles.

通气孔对新型不锈钢芯管平压性能影响分析

不锈钢芯管作为不锈钢桥面芯板的重要传力构件,其平压力学性能与桥面板承载能力息息相关。因钎焊工艺要求,不锈钢芯管壁上开设有双通气圆孔。为研究双通气圆孔对不锈钢芯管平压性能的影响,开展2组不同厚度不锈钢芯管平压性能试验与有限元非线性屈曲分析。通过试验结果验证采用Riks弧长法进行不锈钢芯管非线性屈曲分析方法的正确性。并考虑圆孔直径d、偏心距e、芯管壁厚t等因素,建立不同规格不锈钢芯管模型,开展非线性屈曲分析,探究多参数协同作用下对不锈钢芯管平压性能的影响分析。研究结果表明:不锈钢芯管平压试验曲线表现出明显的非线性特征,分为弹性阶段、弹塑性阶段与塑性破坏阶段;通气孔、管端扳边处转角及管脚10 mm处易优先出现局部屈曲破坏;不锈钢芯管极限荷载Pu及其对应的压缩位移δ_(u)随孔径d、偏心距e的增加而减小,随壁厚t增加而增大;芯管极限荷载Pu受孔径d的影响大于受偏心距e的影响,增大孔径使芯管极限荷载Pu下降6.00%~15.51%,而增大偏心距使芯管极限荷载Pu下降0.64%~9.22%,芯管应规避在管身中部(e/H=0.5)开孔;当孔径比d/D≯0.04、偏心比e/H≯0.3时,通气孔对芯管极限承载力影响较小,对极限荷载下的压缩位移δ_(u)不产生影响,建议将其作为通气孔设计取值。研究中获得的临界值及变化规律可用于新型不锈钢桥面芯板结构设计与优化研究。

Study on arc characteristics and behavior of metal transfer in pulse current flux-cored arc welding of mild steel

The variation in arc characteristics and behavior of metal transfer with the change in pulse parameters has been studied by high speed video camera during pulse current flux-cored arc weld deposition.A comparative study of similar nature has also been carried out during flux-cored arc weld deposition in globular and spray transfer modes.The effect of pulse parameters has been studied by considering their mean current and arc voltage.The arc characteristics studied by its root diameter,projected diameter and length,and the behavior of metal transfer noted by the metal transfer model and the droplet diameter have been found to vary significantly with the pulse parameters.The observation may help in understanding the arc characteristics with respect to the variation in pulse parameters which may be beneficial in using pulse current FCAW to produce desired weld quality.

轻量化整体液压顶升式钢平台在宁波曼哈顿大厦项目中的应用

宁波曼哈顿大厦标准层核心筒采用自主研发的轻量化整体液压顶升式钢平台,其以刚性桁架结构为主体,顶部整体钢平台可安装集成布料机,并悬挂核心筒墙体模板及4~5层操作平台,通过全作业面防护保障了多作业面穿插作业。介绍了该钢平台安装、运行、拆除施工流程及重难点管理。实践表明,采用该钢平台施工,缩短了主要工序时间,从而有效缩短了核心筒标准层工期。

钢丝绳芯传送带损伤的漏磁检测

钢丝绳芯传送带是用于输送物料的高强度传送带,广泛应用于采矿、建筑、冶金等领域,其在长时间运行后,内部钢丝绳会出现断丝、磨损等缺陷,影响生产安全。基于漏磁检测技术开展了钢丝绳芯传送带的损伤检测,首先建立了含有不同类型和不同截面积损伤的传送带漏磁检测有限元模型,分析了缺陷漏磁场空间分布特性和变化规律,然后在实验室条件下开展传送带漏磁检测试验,采用滑动平均降噪与小波降噪相结合的方法对检测信号进行降噪处理,降噪后的信号能够清晰地显示出缺陷损伤严重程度。仿真和试验结果表明,漏磁检测技术能够检测出钢丝绳芯传送带中不同类型和不同截面积的损伤,能够为传送带使用和维护提供决策依据。

乌兹别克斯坦9度区某超高层建筑结构设计与优化

对于9度设防地区的超高层建筑,其结构设计基本由地震作用控制,因此抗震设计尤为重要。建筑消能减震技术可在提高结构地震安全储备的同时,降低整体工程造价,是结构优化设计的有效措施。对位于9度区的超高层建筑进行了结构方案选型对比、结构方案优化、减震设计方案比选、剪力墙内嵌钢板优化。结果显示,钢骨混凝土框架⁃核心筒方案相对于钢框架⁃支撑方案具备更高的成本优势;框架⁃核心筒方案可通过精细化设计作进一步优化;在此基础上,对钢骨混凝土框架⁃核心筒方案采用两种消能减震方案进行比选,结果表明,采用黏滞阻尼器方案的结构抗震性能明显优于采用黏滞阻尼墙方案;最后通过增大剪力墙竖向分布钢筋配筋率,对低区核心筒墙肢中的内嵌钢板进行了优化。

Q460NH耐候钢药芯焊丝焊接接头力学性能与组织研究

Q460NH是低合金高强度耐候钢,采用自制的CHT81W2药芯焊丝进行焊接,得到组织合理、力学性能良好的焊接接头。焊缝金相组织主要为先共析铁素体、板条铁素体、针状铁素体以及粒状贝氏体;热影响区组织主要有板条贝氏体和粒状贝氏体;焊缝、热影响区、母材的显微硬度呈梯度分布,并且依次下降。焊接接头各区的低温冲击韧性均达到标准规定的要求,具有良好的冲击性能;母材的断裂方式以延性断裂为主,断口微观形貌主要是韧窝;焊缝及热影响区的断口微观形貌为韧窝+准解理形貌。

焊缝宽度对激光焊接Ⅰ-core全钢三明治板强度的影响

在自行设计的弯曲实验装置上,分别对焊缝宽度较窄和较宽的激光焊接Ⅰ-core全钢三明治板进行三点弯曲实验,并对其进行有限元模拟,分析焊缝宽度对三明治板强度的影响.结果表明:当载荷与挠度开始不再是线性关系时,接头上形成了第一个塑性铰,当载荷达到最大承载力时,接头发生开裂,三明治板完全失效.增加焊缝宽度,可提高Ⅰ-core三明治板的接头屈服载荷和最大承载力,同时失效形式也随之改变.在Ⅰ-core三明治板的强度设计和评价中考虑焊缝宽度是必要的.

梁端铰接钢管混凝土框架-核心筒结构的减震研究

梁端铰接钢管混凝土框架-核心筒结构很好地解决了传统双重抗侧体系由于节点焊接而带来的系列问题,但不可避免地对结构抗震性能产生影响,因此,亟需针对此类结构的消能减震研究。本文以30层梁端铰接的钢管混凝土柱-混凝土核心筒结构为研究对象,通过引入不同构造形式的消能黏滞阻尼伸臂形成减震层,利用OpenSees有限元软件对结构进行弹塑性时程分析,优选出最佳构造形式,并据此对比设置一道及两道减震层时,结构在罕遇地震下减震性能及黏滞阻尼器的阻尼系数和速度指数变化对设置一道减震层结构抗震性能的影响分析。研究结果表明:竖向斜撑型减震层对结构顶点位移、层间位移角、基底剪力的控制效果及自身的耗能效果最佳,而两道减震层结构的综合性能要略优于一道减震层结构,但一道减震层结构对减震层位置变化更敏感,且当减震层位于结构1/3 H层高时减震效果最佳;阻尼系数与速度指数过大或过小均会对结构产生不利影响,而速度指数能有效降低结构的层间位移角,但应注意所带来的位移突变和基底剪力增大问题。

考虑接头几何参数的I-core全钢三明治板的刚度分析

激光焊接I-core三明治板常用的刚度设计公式,没有考虑接头几何参数的影响,在实际应用中其准确性受到影响.通过外伸三点弯曲试验,对六种接头几何参数的I-core全钢三明治板的弯曲刚度和剪切刚度进行测量,并结合有限元计算,分析了接头几何参数对弯曲刚度和剪切刚度的影响.结果表明,增加焊缝宽度可显著提高弯曲刚度和剪切刚度,而焊缝宽度大于60%芯板厚度后,焊缝宽度对刚度的影响减小.间隙对刚度的影响可忽略.基于此结果,对三明治板设计时常用的刚度公式进行了修正.

等离子熔覆硼化物覆层的耐蚀性

采用等离子熔覆技术将自制的Mo-Fe-B-Cr药芯焊丝熔覆在316L不锈钢表面制备了硼化物覆层,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和显微硬度计对硼化物覆层的组织、成分、物相和显微硬度进行分析,并通过电化学试验和中性盐雾试验对覆层的耐蚀性进行研究。结果表明:硼化物覆层主要由MO_(2)FeB_(2)、(Mo,Fe,Cr)3B_(2)、α-Fe和Fe_(23)(C,B)6组成,其显微硬度约为不锈钢基体的3.9倍;在中性环境中硼化物覆层的耐蚀性略低于316L不锈钢,而在酸性环境中硼化物覆层的耐蚀性要优于316L不锈钢;在中性盐雾腐蚀过程中,硼化物覆层表面会生成致密性良好的钝化膜,从而使覆层具备良好的耐蚀性。因此,硼化物覆层在拥有高硬度的同时还兼具良好的耐蚀性。

铝包殷钢芯耐热铝合金绞线的应用探讨

铝包殷钢芯耐热铝合金绞线在云南电网中的应用较多,在设计评审工程中发现部分设计人员对其特性理解不足,存在弧垂计算错误及工程量估算偏差等问题。本文利用斜抛物线公式结合拐点温度计算方法,搭建了适用于铝包殷钢芯导线的张力弧垂计算模型,编制了计算程序;理论分析了铝包殷钢芯绞线的弧垂特性、拐点温度随档距变化特点等,分析了该类导线的应用场景,并提出了相应的意见和建议。

非晶合金-取向硅钢组合铁心结构设计及其磁-振动特性分析

非晶合金和取向硅钢是制作配电变压器铁心常用的两种软磁材料,各有优劣。采用非晶合金-取向硅钢组合铁心结构可以综合两者的优势。该文以非晶合金和取向硅钢铁心并排的组合结构为基础,选取组合铁心的取向硅钢占比和尺寸参数为自由变量,提出一种基于自由参数扫描法的组合铁心结构设计方法。首先,根据非晶合金-取向硅钢组合铁心结构特点,建立组合铁心的等效双非线性磁路模型;其次,采用磁路法迭代求解组合铁心的磁通密度分布,并制定组合铁心的结构设计流程;最后,根据结构设计结果制作了组合铁心的实验模型,采用实验和有限元仿真结合的方法分析了其磁-振动特性,验证了所提设计方法的准确性,并与传统纯非晶合金和纯取向硅钢铁心进行对比分析,阐述了组合铁心的优势。

长寿命与环保港口钢丝绳制造相关问题研究

港口面临的环保压力越来越大,对钢丝绳的质量要求也越来越高。通过采用压实股组绳、钢丝绳内置含油纤维绳、钢芯聚合物包覆、增加外层绳股数、优化钢芯结构、精细结构参数设计与严格控制生产过程等措施以响应港口对钢丝绳的长寿命要求,通过使用高质量润滑油脂、重视润滑油脂对使用环境的适应性与实施润滑工艺标准化等措施以稳定钢丝绳润滑质量,最大限度满足港口减少海洋环境污染与实施清洁文明生产的需要。