未来气候情景下青藏高原瑞香狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme)的地理分布预测

基于最大熵(MaxEnt)模型,利用实地调查和文献数据共170个瑞香狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme)分布点和10个变量进行建模,明晰限制瑞香狼毒分布的主要生态因子,并预测了当前及未来4种气候情景(RCP2.6、RCP4.5、RCP7.0、RCP8.5)下2021~2040年、2041~2060年、2061~2080年、2081~2100年瑞香狼毒在青藏高原的潜在分布及变化趋势。结果表明:(1)限制瑞香狼毒生长分布的主要生态因子分别为:海拔(Altitude)、最干季降水量(Bio17)、温度年较差(Bio7)、最冷月最低温度(Bio6)、平均气温日较差(Bio2),其累计贡献率达到94.2%。(2)当前气候下瑞香狼毒在青藏高原潜在分布面积达137.06×10^(4)km^(2),约占青藏高原面积的37.34%,主要集中分布于甘肃省南部、青海省东部、四川省西北部、云南省西北部、西藏自治区中部、新疆维吾尔自治区西南部等地。(3)在未来4种气候情景下,在2021~2080年,青藏高原瑞香狼毒的高适宜生境、适宜生境和低适宜生境分布面积均呈减少趋势,不适宜生境分布面积均呈增加趋势;在2081~2100年,高适宜生境和适宜生境分布面积均呈增加趋势,低适宜生境和不适宜生境分布面积均呈减少趋势。综上所述,明确天然草地有毒植物在景观尺度上的潜在分布及其对气候变化的响应,对毒草危害预警和防控具有重要指导意义。

Chemical Constituents of Stellera chamaejasme

从瑞香狼毒（ＳｔｅｌｅｒａｃｈａｍａｅｊａｓｍｅＬ）的根中得到１２个化合物。经理化鉴别和光谱分析推定晶（８）为７甲氧基西瑞香素（７ｍｅｔｈｏｘｙｄａｐｈｎｏｒｅｔｉｎ）是新化合物，命名为异西瑞香素（ｉｓｏｄａｐｈｎｏｒｅｔｉｎ），晶（７）为西瑞香素（ｄａｐｈｎｏｒｅｔｉｎ），晶（２）为伞形花内酯（ｕｍｂｅｌｉｆｅｒｏｎｅ），晶（５）为胡萝卜甙，晶（３）为β谷甾醇，晶２，５和８是首次从该植物中分得。

Unpalatable Weed Stellera chamaejasme L. Provides Biotic Refuge for Neighboring Species and Conserves Plant Diversity in Overgrazing Alpine Meadows on the Tibetan Plateau in China

Steller chamaejasme L. （S. chamaejasme for short） is one of the most noxious unpalatable weeds in China, which has been frequently reported its negative interaction （i.e. competition and allelopathy） with other herbaceous species in grasslands. This study compared species diversity, biomass and sexual reproduction of herbaceous plants in meadows with S. chamaejasme and in open meadows without S. ehamaejasme in overgrazing meadows on the Tibetan Plateau in China to determine whether positive facilitation exist between S. chamaejasme and other herbaceous species under livestock＇s overgrazing. The results showed that there are more herbaceous species in meadows with S. chamaejasme than those in open meadows （35s and30s, respectively）. Diversity index and above-ground biomass were also significantly higher in meadows with S. charnaejasme. There were 39% （11/28） of all species with sexual reproduction found in meadows with S. charnaejasme, which was 7 times more than those in open meadows. Our study showed that S. charnaejasme could provide biotic refuge for neighboring plants and preserve plant diversity from livestock＇s overgrazing in alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau. It also suggested that inter-specific facilitation between S. charnaejasme and other herbaceous species may play a key role in overgrazing alpine meadows.

ANTITUMOR PRINCIPLES OF STELLERA CHAMAEJASME L.

Methanol extract of Stellera chamaejasme L wasassessed for antitumor activity by an antitumor activebioassay against murine leukemia P388 in vivo. Thebioassay-directed separation of the extract furnishedseven diterpene compounds (stellerarin, stelleramacrin,gnidimacrin, pimelea factor P2, subtoxin, huratoxin,simplexin ) and two biflavanone compounds (neochemae-jasmin A and B). Among them, gnidimacrin, stellerarinand stelleramacrin (a novel compound) were found tohave high antitumor and cytotoxic activities against P388,L1210 and K562 in vivo and in vitro. The results suggestedthat the diterpene compounds were the potent anti-tumor principles of Stellera chamaejame L

A New Chromone Derivative from Stellera chamaejasme L

A new chromone derivative, 3-[1- (2, 4, 6-trihydroxyphenyl) 3-di-(4-hydroxyphenyl) 1-propanone-2-yl] 5,7-dihydroxy-8-di(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one, named as isomohsenone was isolated from the roots of Stellera chamaejasme L. together with known chamaechromone. Its structure was determined by the analysis of MS and NMR data, especially 2D NMR spectra.

A New Biflavonoid from Stellera chamaejasme L.

A new biflavonoid, stelleranol, was isolated from the roots of Stellera chamaejasme L.. Its structure was determined by the analysis of MS and NMR data, especially 2D NMR spectra.

THE ANTITUMOR ACTIVITIES OF GNIDIMACRIN ISOLATED FROM STELLERA CHAMAEJASMEL．

Gnidimacrin, a diterpene compound, isolated from the methanol extract of Stellera, chamaejasme L., showed significant antitumor activities against mouse leukemia P-388 and L-1210 in vivo, such as Lewis lung carcinoma, B-16 melanoma and Colon cancer 26. It showed ILSs of 40%.49% and 41% at the dosages of 0.01-0.02 mg/kg ip,respectively. Gnidimacrin strongly inhibited cell Proliferation of human cancer cell lines such as leukemia K562, stomach cancers Kato-III, MKN-28, MKN-45, and mouse leukemia L-1210 by the MTT assay and colony forming assay in vitro. The IC50 of gnidimacrin was 0.007-0.00012 μg/ml. It is concluded that gnidimacrin is the principal antitumor element in Stellera chemaejasme L. with strong antitumor activities.

Preparation and Characterization of Stellera Chamaejasme-Based Carbon Molecular Sieves

The activation effect of boric acid as an activator is good,and we investigate the best activation conditions for the boric acid impregnation method.To represent the structural characteristics and adsorption performance of the Stellera Chamaejasme based carbon molecular sieves,we use Brunner-Emmet-Teller(BET)measurements,scan-ning electron microscope(SEM),Raman spectra(Raman),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and adsorption property measurement.When the loading ratio was 0.68:1,the specific surface area was 532.21 m^(2)/g,the total pore volume was 0.24 cm 3/g,the average pore size was 1.81 nm,the adsorption value of methylene blue was 145.28 mg/g,and the adsorption value of iodine was 713.33 mg/g,the results showed that boric acid had better activation effect.The carbon molecular sieves made from Stellera Chamaejasme and activated with boric acid produce two peaks on the aperture distribution graph that are densely distributed in the micropore range.This indicates that boric acid’s pore-forming tendency is primarily micropore.

基于多时相Sentinel-2A影像的狼毒分布识别

狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme)是近年来青藏高原高寒草地的主要入侵毒杂草之一,及时高效的调查与监测可为狼毒综合防控与退化草地恢复提供重要的技术支持。本研究选取花期前与盛花期的Sentinel-2A多光谱影像,将Google Earth Engine平台去云、环境要素掩膜、特征优选和随机森林分类相结合,探讨区域尺度的狼毒遥感识别方法。结果表明,通过狼毒敏感指数计算,以及Spearman秩相关性分析与随机森林重要性排序相结合的二次降维,提取了7项狼毒分类特征并构建了4个特征组合方案。与单时相特征组合相比,多时相特征组合有效提高了狼毒识别精度,其中,基于随机森林模型的6个特征组合方案的分类总精度为84.62%,狼毒分类精度均大于80%,识别效果最佳。本研究显示,影像去云及掩膜预处理能够有效减少分类干扰信息,花期前与盛花期提取的多时相特征组合增强了狼毒群落与其他群落的影像光谱差异,在区域尺度狼毒遥感识别中具有较好的应用潜力。

瑞香狼毒水提物小鼠药物血清对小鼠白血病L_(1210)细胞增殖、克隆形成和DNA合成的影响

目的 从整体水平探讨瑞香狼毒水提物 (SCL A)的抗癌作用及机制。方法 以不同剂量 SCL A ig给药后 ,不同时间采集小鼠血清 ,处理体外培养的小鼠白血病 L1 2 1 0 细胞 ,观察肿瘤细胞 MTT还原 ,克隆形成能力和 DNA合成的改变。结果 SCL A 3,6 ,12 g/ kg给药 1,2 ,4,8h后的药物血清处理肿瘤细胞后 ,其 MTT还原及克隆形成率均显著降低 ;给药 2 h时的药物血清表现出更强的抑制肿瘤细胞增殖作用。SCL A小鼠药物血清也显著抑制 [3H]Td R掺入 L1 2 1 0 细胞 DNA。结论 直接抑制癌细胞增殖及 DNA合成是瑞香狼毒的重要抗癌机制。

瑞香狼毒诱导HL-60细胞凋亡和调节SGC-7901细胞bcl-2蛋白表达(英文)

目的 探索瑞香狼素 (SC)抗肿瘤机制。方法 以 HL- 6 0和 SGC- 790 1为靶细胞 ,用 MTT比色法测定细胞增殖抑制 ,荧光显微镜观察凋亡细胞的形态学改变 ,DNA电泳和流式细胞仪检测DNA断裂 ,免疫组化检测 bcl- 2蛋白表达。结果 含 SC药物血清处理细胞 48h后 ,HL- 6 0细胞增殖呈剂量依赖性抑制 ,并表现出典型的凋亡细胞形态学改变及 DNA断裂 :即染色体聚集、核固缩、断裂及阶梯状 DNA电泳条带 ,G1 期前细胞从 11.7%增至 5 7.4% ;而 SGC- 790 1细胞 bcl- 2蛋白表达率从 78.3%下降到 32 .9%。结论 SC可诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡 ,降低 bcl- 2蛋白表达。

内蒙古地区瑞香狼毒药材HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的：建立内蒙古地区瑞香狼毒药材的HPLC指纹图谱。方法：采用反相高效液相色谱法，选用AKZONOBEL KromasilC18（250mm×4．6mm，5μm）色谱柱；流动相为乙睛-0．5％磷酸溶液（梯度洗脱）；分析时间60min；检测波长为297nm，柱温：15％。结果：建立了瑞香狼毒药材的HPLC指纹图谱，标定了瑞香狼毒药材14个共有指纹峰，方法学考察结果符合指纹图谱技术要求，10批瑞香狼毒药材的相似度在0．9～1．0之间。结论：该方法稳定、可靠、重现性好，可为内蒙古地区瑞香狼毒药材质控标准的制定提供参考。

HPLC法测定瑞香狼毒中西瑞香素的含量

建立瑞香狼毒中西瑞香素的含量测定方法。采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱:Inertsustain C18(4.6 mm×260 mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈与1%冰乙酸水溶液,梯度洗脱;检测波长为360 nm;柱温为30℃;进样量为20μL。结果显示,西瑞香素在0.005~0.040 mg/mL范围内呈现为良好的线性关系(R2=0.999 6,n=5)。平均回收率95%,RSD为2.35%(n=6)。说明本方法测定瑞香狼毒中西瑞香素的含量,结果稳定可靠。

狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme)光合特性和功能性状对坡向的响应

狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme)是一种重要的中药、蜜源植物,也是草场退化的指示植物,广布于草原,对环境变化有着较强的适应性.以祁连山东段不同坡向的狼毒为研究对象,探究狼毒的光合特性和功能性状对坡向的响应.结果表明:(1)阳坡的土壤有机碳、总氮、含水量显著低于阴坡,而土壤pH、土壤温度、地表温度和空气温度显著高于阴坡.(2)阳坡狼毒的比叶面积、叶绿度指数、叶夹角和气孔长度显著低于阴坡,而植株高度-主根长度比、气孔密度、气孔密度比、根冠比呈现相反的趋势.(3)阳坡狼毒叶的最大净光合速率和表观量子效率显著低于阴坡,而光饱和点和光补偿点正好相反,其中阳坡的光补偿点和光饱和点分别是阴坡的2.02倍和1.27倍.(4)冗余分析表明,土壤温度是不同坡向狼毒茎叶功能性状和光合特性变异的显著影响因素.(5)气孔长度、气孔密度比与最大净光合速率、光饱和点、光补偿点、表观量子速率、暗呼吸速率等光合特性显著相关.综上可见,不同坡向的狼毒具有较强的表型可塑性,通过调整光合特性、气孔性状、比叶面积以及地上地下生物量分配,形成了一套独特的适应策略.(图4表3参43)

瑞香狼毒根际疣孢青霉菌YL-52次生代谢产物的研究

旨在了解瑞香狼毒根际疣孢青霉菌YL-52(Penicillium verruculosum YL-52)次生代谢产物的组成和结构。利用溶剂萃取、反复硅胶柱层析分离和Sephadex LH-20柱层析纯化等方法从发酵液中分离出化合物,并采用IR、ESI-MS、1 H NMR、13 C NMR和DEPT等方法综合完成结构的分析鉴定。从发酵液乙酸乙酯部分中分离出5个化合物,化合物2和化合物3分别被鉴定为熊果酸和扁枝衣二酸,并首次证明瑞香狼毒根际微生物-疣孢青霉菌发酵液中存在熊果酸和扁枝衣二酸。

Pleistocene glaciation advances the cryptic speciation of Stellera chamaejasme L.in a major biodiversity hotspot

The mountains of Southwest China comprise a significant large mountain range and biodiversity hotspot imperiled by global climate change.The high species diversity in this mountain system has long been attributed to a complex set of factors,and recent large-scale macroevolutionary investigations have placed a broad timeline on plant diversification that stretches from 10 million years ago(Mya)to the present.Despite our increasing understanding of the temporal mode of speciation,finer-scale populationlevel investigations are lacking to better refine these temporal trends and illuminate the abiotic and biotic influences of cryptic speciation.This is largely due to the dearth of organismal sampling among closely related species and populations,spanning the incredible size and topological heterogeneity of this region.Our study dives into these evolutionary dynamics of speciation using genomic and ecomorphological data of Stellera chamaejasme L.We identified four previously unrecognized cryptic species having indistinct morphological traits and large metapopulation of evolving lineages,suggesting a more recent diversification(~2.67-0.90 Mya),largely influenced by Pleistocene glaciation and biotic factors.These factors likely influenced allopatric speciation and advocated cyclical warming–cooling episodes along elevational gradients during the Pleistocene.The study refines the evolutionary timeline to be much younger than previously implicated and raises the concern that projected future warming may influence the alpine species diversity,necessitating increased conservation efforts.

奶制瑞香狼毒RP-HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的:建立奶制瑞香狼毒RP-HPLC指纹图谱。方法:采用梯度洗脱方法进行色谱分离,使用"计算机辅助相似度评价软件"进行数据处理,对不同产地奶制瑞香狼毒药材指纹图谱相似度进行比较分析。结果:不同产地奶制瑞香狼毒药材指纹图谱相似度较好;在图谱中对狼毒色原酮和E15部位进行了定位和分析。结论:该方法重现性好,可用于奶制瑞香狼毒的质量控制。

瑞香狼毒水提取物对人膀胱癌Biu-87细胞Bcl-2表达的影响

目的研究瑞香狼毒水提取物(S tellera chamaejasme L inn,SCLA)对人膀胱癌Biu-87细胞(Biu-87 human bladder cancer cell,Biu-87)的细胞毒性作用及对B淋巴细胞瘤/白血病-2(B-celllymphoma/leukemia-2,Bcl-2)蛋白表达的影响,进而讨论瑞香狼毒水提取物对人膀胱癌细胞增殖的抑制机制。方法用瑞香狼毒水提取物作用于人膀胱癌Biu-87细胞,观察不同药物浓度,不同作用时间的细胞增殖情况。以WST-1细胞增殖及细胞毒性检测试剂盒(WST-1 Cell Proliferation and Cytotoxicity Assay Kit,WST-1)检测瑞香狼毒水提取物对膀胱癌细胞生长的抑制率;流式细胞术检测人膀胱癌Biu-87细胞凋亡情况;蛋白质印迹法(Western blot,WB)测定不同浓度瑞香狼毒水提取物作用后的人膀胱癌Biu-87细胞中Bcl-2蛋白的表达情况。结果经瑞香狼毒水提取物作用后人膀胱癌Biu-87细胞的增殖受到抑制;该水提取物促进人膀胱癌Biu-87细胞凋亡;Bcl-2蛋白在人膀胱癌Biu-87细胞的表达随药物浓度的增加而减少。结论瑞香狼毒水提取物可抑制人膀胱癌Biu-87细胞增殖,通过减少Bcl-2的表达从而抑制该细胞株增殖,促进其凋亡。随着药物浓度的增加、作用时间的延长,对人膀胱癌Biu-87细胞的抑制作用更加明显。

奶制瑞香狼毒HPLC-ELSD指纹图谱的研究

目的建立奶制瑞香狼毒HPLC-ELSD指纹图谱。方法采用AlltimaC18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),以甲醇为流动相A,1%冰醋酸溶液为流动相B,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL·min-1,柱温30℃,ELSD检测器气体压力25 psi,漂移管温度110℃。结果建立了蒙药材奶制瑞香狼毒HPLC-ELSD指纹图谱共有模式,并对不同产地奶制瑞香狼毒进行相似度比较。结论该方法简便、可靠,可用于不同产地奶制瑞香狼毒指纹图谱测定和质量评价,为有效控制奶制瑞香狼毒内在质量提供依据。

不同龄级瑞香狼毒影响微尺度高寒草甸群落结构

通过样圆法群落调查探究不同龄级狼毒对微尺度草地群落结构和土壤化学计量特征的影响,结果表明:(1)狼毒能显著降低微尺度草地的群落盖度、群落加权平均高度、植物密度和地上生物量等指标,且影响程度随着狼毒龄级的增加而增大。(2)狼毒显著改变了草地的群落结构,降低了禾本科和莎草科植物的优势度,增加了杂草植物的优势度,随着狼毒龄级的增加,杂草的优势度逐渐增加。(3)狼毒的生长增加了退化草地物种多样性,但当狼毒龄级达到Ⅴ龄时,草地物种多样性逐渐降低。(4)随着狼毒龄级的增加,土壤全碳含量、全氮含量和全磷含量整体呈显著下降趋势,而碳磷比和氮磷比呈显著上升趋势。总之,狼毒对微尺度高寒草甸植物群落结构和土壤化学计量特征有显著影响,且与龄级有关,建议在修复狼毒型退化草地时,应及时进行人工干预,尤其在狼毒龄级达到Ⅴ龄之前,采取围栏封育、施氮肥和补播豆科优良牧草等措施,加强退化草地的生态修复。