Sarcopenia and gut microbiota alterations in patients with hematological diseases before and after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia(SP) and its relationship with gut microbiota alterations in patients with hematological diseases before and after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT).Methods: A total of 108 patients with various hematological disorders were selected from Peking University People’s Hospital. SP was screened and diagnosed based on the 2019 Asian Sarcopenia Diagnosis Strategy. Physical measurements and fecal samples were collected, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted. Alpha and beta diversity analyses were performed to evaluate gut microbiota composition and diversity.Results: After HSCT, significant decreases in calf circumference and body mass index(BMI) were observed,accompanied by a decline in physical function. Gut microbiota analyses revealed significant differences in the relative abundance of Enterococcus, Bacteroides, Blautia and Dorea species before and after HSCT(P<0.05). Before HSCT, sarcopenic patients had lower Dorea levels and higher Phascolarctobacterium levels than non-sarcopenia patients(P<0.01). After HSCT, no significant differences in species abundance were observed. Alpha diversity analysis showed significant differences in species diversity among the groups, with the highest diversity in the postHSCT 90-day group and the lowest in the post-HSCT 30-day group. Beta diversity analysis revealed significant differences in species composition between pre-and post-HSCT time points but not between SP groups. Linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEfSe) identified Alistipes, Rikenellaceae, Alistipes putredinis, Prevotellaceae defectiva and Blautia coccoides as biomarkers for the pre-HSCT sarcopenia group. Functional predictions showed significant differences in anaerobic, biofilm-forming and oxidative stress-tolerant functions among the groups(P<0.05).Conclusions: This study demonstrated a significant decline in physical function after HSCT and identified potential gut microbiota biomarkers and functional alterations associated with SP in patients with hematological disorders. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.

Comprehensive evaluation of nutritional status before and after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in 170 patients with hematological diseases

Objective： To investigate the nutritional status of patients before and after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation（HSCT）, and explore optimal methods for assessing nutritional status in patients with hematological diseases.Methods： This cohort study enrolled 170 patients who were diagnosed with hematological diseases and underwent allogeneic HSCT in the Department of Hematology, Peking University People＇s Hospital between May2011 and April 2013. We used fixed-point continuous sampling and four nutritional screening tools, Nutritional Risk Screening 2002（NRS-2002）, Mini Nutritional Assessment（MNA）, Subjective Global Assessment（SGA） and Malnutrition Universal Screening Tools（MUST）, in combination with body measurements, to extensively screen and evaluate nutritional risks and status in patients receiving HSCT before entering and after leaving laminar air flow rooms.Results： After HSCT, patients had significant reduction in weight, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, calf circumference, mid-upper arm circumference, and suprailiac skinfold thickness compared with pre-HSCT measurements. Before HSCT, NRS-2002 identified that 21.2% of patients were at nutritional risks, compared with100% after HSCT. MUST indicated that before HSCT, 11.77% of patients were at high nutritional risk,compared with 59.63% after HSCT. MNA assessed that 0.06% of patients were malnourished before HSCT,compared with 19.27% after HSCT. SGA identified that before HSCT, 1.76% of patients had mild to severe malnutrition, which increased to 83.3% after HSCT. There is a significant increase in the nutritional risk and malnutrition in patients who received HSCT.Conclusions： Before HSCT, some patients already had nutritional risk or nutritional deficiencies, and prompt and close nutritional screening or assessment should be performed. The nutritional status of patients after HSCT was generally deteriorated compared with that before transplantation. Body measurements should be taken more frequently during the subsequent treatment window in the laminar air flow rooms. After HSCT, it is recommended to combine MNA and SGA to fully evaluate the nutritional status, and thus provide timely and reasonable nutritional support.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for non-malignant gastrointestinal diseases

Both,autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)can be used to cure or ameliorate a variety of malignant and non-malignant diseases.The rationale behind this strategy is based on the concept of immunoablation using high-dose chemotherapy,with subsequent regeneration of naive T-lymphocytes derived from reinfused hematopoietic progenitor cells.In addition,the use of HSCT allows for the administration of high-dose chemotherapy(whether or not combined with immunomodulating agents such as antithymocyte globulin)resulting in a prompt remission in therapy-refractory patients.This review gives an update of the major areas of successful uses of HSCT in non-malignant gastrointestinal disorders.A Medline search has been conducted and all relevant published data were analyzed.HSCT has been proved successful in treating refractory Crohn’s disease(CD).Patientswith refractory celiac disease typeⅡand a high risk of developing enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma have shown promising improvement.Data concerning HSCT and mesenchymal SCT in end-stage chronic liver diseases are encouraging.In refractory autoimmune gastrointestinal diseases high-dose chemotherapy followed by HSCT seems feasible and safe and might result in long-term improvement of disease activity.Mesenchymal SCT for a selected group of CD is promising and may represent a significant therapeutic alternative in treating fistulas in CD.

Optimal stem cell source for allogeneic stem cell transplantation for hematological malignancies

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant(HSCT) is a standard treatment for many hematological malignancies.Three different sources of stem cells, namely bone marrow(BM), peripheral blood stem cells(PBSC) and cord blood(CB) can be used for HSCT, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages. Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) suggest that there is no significant survival advantage of PBSC over BM in Human Leukocyte Antigen-matched sibling transplant for adult patients with hematological malignancies. PBSC transplant probably results in lower risk of relapse and hence better disease-free survival, especially in patients with high risk disease at the expense of higher risks of both severe acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease(GVHD).In the unrelated donor setting, the only RCT available suggests that PBSC and BM result in comparable overall and disease-free survivals in patients with hematological malignancies; and PBSC transplant results in lower risk of graft failure and higher risk of chronic GVHD.High level evidence is not available for CB in comparison to BM or PBSC. The risks and benefits of different sources of stem cells likely change with different conditioning regimen, strategies for prophylaxis and treatment of GVHD and manipulation of grafts. The recent success and rapid advance of double CB transplant and haploidentical BM and PBSC transplants further complicate the selection of stem cell source. Optimal selection requires careful weighing of the risks and benefits of different stem cell source for each individual recipient and donor. Detailed counseling of patient and donor regarding risks and benefits in the specific context of the patient and transplant method is essential for informed decision making.

Advances in haplo-identical stem cell transplantation in adults with high-risk hematological malignancies

Allogeneic bone marrow transplant is a life-saving procedure for adults and children that have high-risk or relapsed hematological malignancies. Incremental advances in the procedure, as well as expanded sources of donor hematopoietic cell grafts have significantly improved overall rates of success. Yet, the outcomes for patients for whom suitable donors cannot be found remain a significant limitation. These patients may benefit from a hematopoietic cell transplant wherein a relative donor is fully haplotype mismatched. Previously this procedure was limited by graft rejection, lethal graft-versus-host disease, and increased treatmentrelated toxicity. Recent approaches in haplo-identical transplantation have demonstrated significantly improved outcomes. Based on years of incremental preclinical research into this unique form of bone marrow transplant, a range of approaches have now been studied in patients in relatively large phase Ⅱ trials that will be summarized in this review.

Ailogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for malignant hematological diseases in patients older than 50 years of age

Objective To investigate the efficiency and safety of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for malignant hematological diseases in patients older than 50 years of age. Methods From May 2002 to January 2010,35 patients P 】 50 years with malignant hematological diseases received allogeneic hematopoietic

Post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with hematologic disorders:Chinese herbal medicine for an unmet need

While much progress has been made in the field of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation （HSCT）, headway in the promotion of recovery following this procedure has been limited. Data regarding the potential of Chinese herbal medicine （CHM） for patients with hematologic disorders who received HSCT are gradually increasing; however, these data are mostly in Chinese. Therefore, we set out to summarize the existing data. We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure and retrieved 9 clinical studies related to this group of patients, in whom CHM was used as an intervention. Of the 9 papers, 6 were published by the same group of researchers. The focus of the reviewed studies was heterogeneous, and the objectives varied widely. With the exception of one randomized control trial, all of the studies were retrospective and observational; the median number of patients was 11.5, with the largest study containing 104 patients. CHM treatment was largely divided into two stages： （1） pre-HSCT, which was initiated as soon as conditioning chemotherapy was administered and aimed to counterbalance the adverse effects of these potent agents; （2） post-HSCT, which began immediately after transplantation and was intended to promote engraftment, control graft- versus-host disease and prolong survival. In addition, the 9 Chinese materia medica most commonly prescribed （appearing in four studies） were： Shengdihuang （Rehmannia glutinosa）, Baizhu （Atractylodes macrocephala）, Renshen （Panax ginseng）, Dangshen （ Codonopsis pilosula）, Maimendong （ Ophiopogon japonicus）, Danggui （Angelica sinensis）, Taizishen （Pseudostellaria heterophylla）, Huangqi （Astragalus membranaceus） and Ejiao （Equus asinus）.

Anti-T-lymphocyte globulin-based non-myeloablative stem cell transplantation followed by HLA-identical donor lymphocyte infusion for hematologic malignancies

Objective To evaluate the application of anti-T-lymphocyte globulin (ATG) based nonmyeloablative but profoundly immunosuppressive regimens followed by donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) for the treatment of hematologic malignancies.Methods The protocol was designed to minimize the intensity of the conditioning regimen to the range of nonmyeloablative therapies based on ATG with low-dose busulfan (Bu) and Cytoxan (CTX) (15-19.5 mg/kg, 8 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg, respectively). The patients received the first lymphocytic infusion from HLA-identical sibling donors on days 28-30 after transplant, and the first T cell dosage of 10 6/kg followed by the escalated dosage in the range of (0.5-1.5)×10 8/kg. The total number of procedures were performed at a median of 4.2 procedures (range of 2-8 procedures).Results Engraftment was documented in all six patients in the form of donor-recipient hematopoietic cells mixed chimera at early-stage posttransplant, which was converted gradually into complet chimera by DLI in four patients. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) developed in three of six cases, only one of which was severe. To date,four patients are disease free and alive.Conclusions Allogeneic donor stem cell engraftment into host can be achieved by nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen based on ATG. Transient mixed donor-recipient hematopoietic cell mixed with chimeras may be successfully converted into complete chimerism by DLI posttransplant. GVHD remains major clinical concern in our study.

Progress in the Treatment of Hematological Diseases with Rituximab

Rituximab is a mouse and human chimeric CD20 (anti-B cell) specific monoclonal antibody that has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of lymphoma. The expression of CD20 antigen is expressed in the whole ontogeny of B cells, starting from the premature B cells in bone marrow to the differentiation of plasma cells in secondary lymphoid tissues. The wide distribution of CD20 molecules allows rituximab to eliminate a large number of B cells. Rituximab is the core drug for the treatment of hematological diseases, often combined with drugs as a first-line treatment. Long-term hormone therapy often results in serious adverse reactions, and new therapies, which can avoid widespread immunotoxicity, have great potential for treating diseases of the blood system.

Assessing the yield and safety of endoscopy in acute graft-vs-host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplant

BACKGROUND Acute gastrointestinal(GI)graft-vs-host disease(aGVHD)is the most complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplant(HSCT)in patients with hematologic malignancy.Limited data exists on endoscopic evaluation of GVHD in post-HSCT patients with differing GI symptoms.Further,the diagnostic value of gross endoscopic findings as well as the safety of endoscopy in this commonly thrombocytopenic and neutropenic patient population remains unclear.AIM To understand the diagnostic value of symptoms and gross endoscopic findings as well as safety of endoscopy in aGVHD patients.METHODS We analyzed 195 endoscopies performed at City of Hope in patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT less than 100 d prior for hematologic malignancy and were subsequently evaluated for aGVHD via endoscopy.The yield,sensitivity,and specificity of diagnosing aGVHD were calculated for upper and lower endoscopy,various GI tract locations,and presenting symptoms.RESULTS Combined esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)and flexible sigmoidoscopy(FS)demonstrated a greater diagnostic yield for aGVHD(83.1%)compared to EGD(66.7%)or FS(77.2%)alone with any presenting symptom.The upper and lower GI tract demonstrated similar yields regardless of whether patients presented with diarrhea(95.7%vs 99.1%)or nausea/vomiting(97.5%vs 96.8%).Normalappearing mucosa was generally as specific(91.3%)as abnormal mucosa(58.7%-97.8%)for the presence of aGVHD.Adverse events such as bleeding(1.0%),infection(1.0%),and perforation(0.5%)only occurred in a small proportion of patients,with no significant differences in those with underlying thrombocytopenia(P=1.000)and neutropenia(P=0.425).CONCLUSION Combined EGD and FS with biopsies of normal and inflamed mucosa demonstrated the greatest diagnostic yield regardless of presenting symptom and appears to be safe in this population of patients.

CD34^(+)细胞数对单倍体造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病的影响

背景:单倍体造血干细胞移植与较高的植入功能不良相关,因此经常要求更高的CD34^(+)细胞数量,但现有研究关于异基因造血干细胞移植CD34+细胞剂量和研究终点关系的结论是有争议的。目的:探究CD34^(+)细胞数对单倍体造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液疾病临床结果的影响。方法:纳入2019年1月至2021年12月期间于郑州大学第一附属医院造血干细胞移植中心行单倍体造血干细胞移植的恶性血液病患者,总计135例。结合既往研究结果及移植中心经验,以CD34+细胞数5.0×10^(6)/kg为截止点,将队列分为2组。评估两组的移植物植入情况、复发率及非复发死亡率、总生存期和无进展生存期等相关临床指标。结果与结论:①CD34+细胞剂量与血小板的植入相关,高剂量组血小板的植入时间早于低剂量组(14 d vs.16 d,P=0.013)。②两组患者3年总生存期无显著差异(67.5%vs.53.8%,P=0.257);两组间的无进展生存期也无显著性差异(65.6%vs.44.2%,P=0.106),但根据疾病风险指数(DRI)进行分层分析后发现低危患者高剂量组的3年无进展生存期较低剂量组升高(72.0%vs.49.3%,P=0.036)。③高剂量组3年累积复发率小于低剂量组(16.0%vs.33.5%,P=0.05)。④两组100 d内非复发死亡率高剂量组大于低剂量组,但无显著差异(17.3%vs.6.7%,P=0.070);进行分层分析发现,高危患者中高剂量组100 d内非复发死亡率明显高于低剂量组(20.0%vs.3.3%,P=0.046)。⑤综上所述,输注>5.0×10^(6)/kg的CD34^(+)细胞可促进血小板早期植入,可改善移植中低危风险患者的3年无进展生存期,并且降低移植后累积复发率;但在高危患者中,高剂量CD34+细胞导致移植后100 d内的非复发死亡率增高,考虑可能与移植后早期重度急性移植物抗宿主病的发生增多相关,因此考虑对回输高剂量CD34+细胞的患者应加强移植物抗宿主病的监测。

中医药联合造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病的研究概况

造血干细胞移植(HSCT)被认为是唯一有可能根治恶性血液病的方法,然而由于植入不良、移植相关并发症多、较高的复发率等不良事件,严重影响着患者的生存率和生命质量,现在西医并不能完全解决这些问题。总结归纳中医药干预HSCT的相关文献,认识到中医药在HSCT的多个环节起到协同增效、优势互补的作用。中医药联合HSCT可以调理移植前患者体质,提升造血干细胞动员采集质量,助力移植预处理并促进造血重建,同时还可以有效防治并发症和防止复发。因此,中医药联合HSCT具有十分广阔的发展前景。

脐带间充质干细胞替代供者骨髓细胞在单倍体相合造血干细胞移植中的作用

背景:HLA单倍体相合异基因造血干细胞移植为高危恶性血液病患者提供了生存的机会。近年来,对单倍体相合移植的移植模式及移植物选择的探究仍在进行。目前国内逐渐流行以北京大学血液病研究中心建立的非体外去除T细胞骨髓和外周血干细胞混合移植模式,但此模式需采集供者骨髓液而增加了供者的痛苦和风险。目的:探讨脐带间充质干细胞替代供者骨髓细胞联合单倍体相合外周血造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病的疗效。方法:入组2019年1月至2022年5月接受单倍体相合造血干细胞移植的恶性血液病患者50例,按2∶3比例随机分配到2个研究组,其中脐带间充质干细胞+外周血干细胞移植的受者19例,骨髓细胞+外周血干细胞移植的受者31例。该研究经河南省人民医院伦理委员会审批。脐带间充质干细胞的受者于移植当天,首先输注1份第三方脐带间充质干细胞(1×106/kg),6 h后输注外周血造血干细胞。骨髓细胞的受者于移植+1 d输注供者骨髓细胞,于+2 d输注外周血干细胞。移植后所有受者均采用兔抗人胸腺细胞免疫球蛋白+环孢素A+吗替麦考酚酯+短疗程甲氨喋呤预防移植物抗宿主病。结果与结论:脐带间充质干细胞回输无不良事件发生,脐带间充质干细胞组和骨髓组的植入成功率分别为100%(19/19)和96.8%(30/31),差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);两组的粒系植入中位时间分别为14 d和15 d,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);两组的血小板植入中位时间分别为20 d和19 d,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);两组Ⅱ-Ⅳ度急性移植物抗宿主病发生率分别为21.1%(4/19)和58.1%(18/31),差异有显著性意义(P=0.01);两组慢性移植物抗宿主病发生率分别为21.1%(4/19)和25.8%(8/31),差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。两组复发率分别为15.8%(3/19)和16.1%(5/31),差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。两组早期巨细胞病毒血症发生率分别为42.1%(8/19)和35.5%(11/31),差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);两组移植后2年总存活率分别为68.4%(10/19)和70.9%(16/31),差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结果表明:脐带间充质干细胞替代供者骨髓细胞在单倍体相合外周血造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病中的疗效良好,降低了移植后急性移植物抗宿主病发生率,并未增加慢性移植物抗宿主病、复发率和早期巨细胞病毒血症的发生率,同时减少了供者采集骨髓的痛苦和风险。

口服海曲泊帕与皮下注射重组人血小板生成素用于单倍体造血干细胞移植

背景:异基因造血干细胞移植是治疗恶性血液病的重要手段,术后血小板植入延迟是常见并发症,严重影响患者生存质量,然而,目前并无标准方案来提高血小板植入率和预防血小板植入延迟。目的:对比分析口服海曲泊帕与皮下注射重组人血小板生成素促进恶性血液病患者单倍体造血干细胞移植后血小板植入的安全性及有效性。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月至2022年10月进行单倍体造血干细胞移植的163例恶性血液病患者的临床资料。+2 d开始皮下注射重组人血小板生成素的患者共72例,归为重组人血小板生成素组;+2 d开始口服海曲泊帕的患者共27例,归为海曲泊帕组;未应用海曲泊帕及重组人血小板生成素的64例患者归为空白对照组。对3组植入情况、100 d内Ⅱ-Ⅳ度急性移植物抗宿主病发生率、1年生存率、1年复发率及安全性进行分析。结果与结论:(1)中位随访时间52(12-87)个月,空白对照组、重组人血小板生成素组、海曲泊帕组患者中性粒细胞植入时间分别为(12.95±3.88)d,(14.04±3.71)d,(13.89±2.74)d,差异无显著性意义(P=0.352);血小板植入时间分别为(15.16±6.27)d,(17.67±6.52)d,(17.00±4.75)d,差异无显著性意义(P=0.287);(2)空白对照组、重组人血小板生成素组、海曲泊帕组第60天血小板完全植入率分别为64.06%,90.28%,92.59%,差异有显著性意义(P<0.001);亚组分析显示,空白对照组与重组人血小板生成素组比差异有显著性意义(P<0.001),空白对照组与海曲泊帕组比差异有显著性意义(P=0.004),重组人血小板生成素组与海曲泊帕组比差异无显著性意义(P=0.535);(3)空白对照组、重组人血小板生成素组、海曲泊帕组100 dⅡ-Ⅳ度急性移植物抗宿主病发生率分别为25.00%,30.56%,25.93%,差异无显著性意义(P=0.752);(4)巨细胞病毒血症、巨细胞病毒肺炎、肝功能损伤发生率在3组间无显著性差异(P>0.05);(5)随访期内,3组患者均未发生血栓事件;(6)结果表明,重组人血小板生成素、海曲泊帕均可提高恶性血液病患者单倍体造血干细胞移植后血小板的植入率,疗效相当且安全性良好。

移植前骨骼肌质量对异基因造血干细胞移植早期结果的影响研究

背景异基因造血干细胞移植是治疗恶性血液病的有效手段,营养不良是常见并发症并对预后产生负性影响。已有研究证实肌肉量较白蛋白等血生化指标能更早反映患者的营养状况,而移植前骨骼肌质量(SMM)对移植早期相关并发症的影响目前尚不明确。目的探讨移植前SMM对异基因造血干细胞移植早期结果的影响,为实施营养干预及改善预后提供临床依据。方法选择2022年1—10月在陆军军医大学新桥医院血液病医学中心接受异基因造血干细胞移植的77例白血病患者为研究对象,采用生物电阻抗法评估SMM,根据SMM分为正常SMM组(36例)和低SMM组(41例),收集患者基线资料,包括个人信息和临床资料等,采用SPSS 23.0软件比较两组患者移植早期(移植后30 d内)口腔黏膜炎情况、消化道症状、感染及造血重建时间等。结果正常SMM组和低SMM组腹泻、恶心呕吐、胃痛/腹痛发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。正常SMM组口腔黏膜炎、低蛋白血症、显性消化道出血、感染发生率低于低SMM组(P<0.05)。正常SMM组患者口腔黏膜炎严重程度低于低SMM组(P<0.001)。低SMM组患者中性粒细胞植活时间和血小板植活时间均长于正常SMM组(P<0.01)。结论移植前患者的低SMM发生率较高,低SMM与患者移植早期口腔黏膜炎发生、口腔黏膜炎严重度、低蛋白血症发生、显性消化道出血、感染及中性粒细胞和血小板植活时间延迟有关,患者移植前应尽早筛查,积极提升患者SMM,改善移植早期结果。

Prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with hematological malignancies treated with anticancer therapy

Hepatitis due to hepatitis B virus(HBV) reactivation can be severe and potentially fatal, but is preventable. HBV reactivation is most commonly reported in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy, especially rituximabcontaining therapy for hematological malignancies and those receiving stem cell transplantation. All patients with hematological malignancies receiving anticancer therapy should be screened for active or resolved HBV infection by blood tests for hepatitis B surface antigen(HBs Ag) and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen(antiHBc). Patients found to be positive for HBs Ag should be given prophylactic antiviral therapy to prevent HBV reactivation. For patients with resolved HBV infection, no standard strategy has yet been established to prevent HBV reactivation. There are usually two options. One is pre-emptive therapy guided by serial HBV DNA monitoring, whereby antiviral therapy is given as soon as HBV DNA becomes detectable. However, there is little evidence regarding the optimal interval and period of monitoring. An alternative approach is prophylactic antiviral therapy, especially for patients receiving highrisk therapy such as rituximab, newer generation of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, obinutuzumab or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This strategy may effectively prevent HBV reactivation and avoid the inconvenience of repeated HBV DNA monitoring. Entecavir or tenofovir are preferred over lamivudine as prophylactic therapy. Although there is no well-defined guideline on the optimal duration of prophylactic therapy, there is growing evidence to recommend continuing prophylactic antiviral therapy for at least 12 mo after cessation of chemotherapy, and even longer for those who receive rituximab or who had high serum HBV DNA levels before the start of immunosuppressive therapy. Many novel agents have recently become available for the treatment of hematological malignancies, and these agents may be associated with HBV reactivation. Although there is currently limited evidence to guide the optimal preventive measures, we recommend antiviral prophylaxis in HBs Ag-positive patients receiving novel treatments, especially the Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors, which are B-cell receptor signaling modulators and reduce proliferation of malignant B-cells. Further studies are needed to clarify the risk of HBV reactivation with these agents and the best prophylactic strategy in the era of targeted therapy for hematological malignancies.

Overview of the progress on haploidentical hematopoietic transplantation

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant(HSCT) remains the only potentially curative option for variety of hematologic disorders. Lack of a suitable fully HLAmatched donor limits this option for many patients. Without a suitable related or unrelated HLA-matched donor,umbilical cord blood and haploidentical family members provide a potential source of stem cells. Timely donor availability makes haploidentical donors an attractive alternative donor source. Initial attempts at haploidentical HSCT was associated with significantly increased mortality owing to high rates of graft rejection and severe graftversus-host disease caused by major donor-recipient HLAdisparity. However, over the past decade, outcomes of haploidentical HSCT have improved significantly. Here, we review the advantages and challenges of haploidentical transplantation. We also discuss new developments to attempt to overcome the challenges to a successful haploidentical transplantation.

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病的现状及展望

异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)是根治恶性血液病的有效手段,在全球范围内广泛应用。近20年allo-HSCT蓬勃发展,移植数量逐年增加,移植方案不断优化,移植疗效和安全性不断提高。该文介绍allo-HSCT治疗恶性血液病的现状并对未来可能的发展方向进行展望。

造血干细胞移植患儿创伤后应激障碍变化及影响因素分析

目的 调查造血干细胞移植患儿创伤后应激障碍状态及影响因素,为实施针对性干预提供参考。方法 选取造血干细胞移植患儿148例,应用创伤后应激障碍症状自评量表在造血干细胞移植前(入层流室前1~2 d,T1)、移植后2~3周(T2)、移植后3个月(T3)进行调查,并分析其影响因素。结果 造血干细胞移植患儿在T1、T2、T3创伤后应激障碍发生率分别为12.8%、69.6%、10.1%。年龄对患儿移植前及移植后3个月创伤后应激障碍产生影响,照顾者与患儿关系对其移植后2~3周产生影响(均P<0.05)。结论 患儿移植期间创伤后应激障碍水平呈动态变化,在造血干细胞移植过程中,护理人员应重视年长儿以及母亲照顾者患儿的心理护理。

恶性血液病患者自体外周血造血干细胞采集结果预测模型研究

探讨恶性血液病患者自体外周血造血干细胞(PBSC)采集结果的影响因素,并建立采集结果预测模型。方法回顾性分析2015年5月-2022年6月在我院血液内科接受PBSC采集的572例恶性血液病患者临床资料,对研究组402例患者PBSC采集结果的影响因素进行logistic回归分析,利用R语言建立预测模型,并通过验证组170例患者对模型预测性能进行验证。结果自体PBSC采集结果影响因素包括患者性别、吸烟史、白细胞计数、红细胞比积、血小板计数、血红蛋白含量,所构建的预测模型在研究组和验证组中曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.855和0.875。结论所建立线列图模型能够有效筛选自体PBSC采集失败的高危人群。