Dictation plays an important role in teaching, learning and testing. But different people have different views about its functions. This paper mainly talks about its advantages—improving students' all-round abili...Dictation plays an important role in teaching, learning and testing. But different people have different views about its functions. This paper mainly talks about its advantages—improving students' all-round ability, exerting positive feedback and practical effect on English teaching and learning, and cultivating students' ability of English comprehension. Then the author puts forward a few suggestions for the training of dictation skills.展开更多
Dictation is a complicated process of decoding information and reorganizing meaning of an utterance and it has long been used to measure students' language proficiency and help them to develop accuracy in listenin...Dictation is a complicated process of decoding information and reorganizing meaning of an utterance and it has long been used to measure students' language proficiency and help them to develop accuracy in listening and writing. However, many English majors have poor performance in dictation of TEM-4. The paper tries to discuss the fundamental factors that prevent students from obtaining a relatively high score in dictation and suggests some ways to deal with the problems.展开更多
This study examines the effects of reading-listening integrated dictation on Chinese college-level English as a foreign language(EFL) learners’ listening. Different from previous research that explored reading while ...This study examines the effects of reading-listening integrated dictation on Chinese college-level English as a foreign language(EFL) learners’ listening. Different from previous research that explored reading while listening for listening development, this study combined the two skills in dictation in which listening was a continuation of reading. Participants were two groups of firstyear Chinese EFL learners who were exposed to the target language under two conditions: the traditional dictation(i. e., listening-only) and the reading-listening integrated dictation in a counterbalanced order. Three datasets were collected: listening performance, perception questionnaires and follow-up interviews. Results indicated that the reading-listening integrated dictation was superior in terms of learning gains from listening and that their effect was commensurate with dictation text difficulty. The findings also showed that the reading-listening integrated dictation could enhance EFL students’ confidence and interest and make the use of strategies possible during listening.展开更多
Dictation is a traditional but still widely applied method to teach language vocabulary,grammar structures and other language skills.Because of the teachers’negative opinions on dictation and improper ways of dictati...Dictation is a traditional but still widely applied method to teach language vocabulary,grammar structures and other language skills.Because of the teachers’negative opinions on dictation and improper ways of dictation conduction,dictation hasn’t received a satisfying expectation in English vocabulary teaching in China.This research attempts to find out some innovative dictation activities and some effective techniques which can help English teachers in China conduct dictation in these activities to promote the efficiency of language vocabulary teaching.展开更多
This paper aims to explore the effectiveness of dictation practice in improving non-English major undergraduates listening comprehension.35 students were selected into the experiment.For the comparison of the experime...This paper aims to explore the effectiveness of dictation practice in improving non-English major undergraduates listening comprehension.35 students were selected into the experiment.For the comparison of the experimental data,we found that students'listening comprehension do improved after 12 weeks training while some other implications also were discussed for further study in order to promote listening teaching and learning.展开更多
A step-by-step load was utilized to mimic the load history of the backfill column in the in-situ curing process.The inner damage of the specimen during curing and uniaxial compressive testing was monitored by electric...A step-by-step load was utilized to mimic the load history of the backfill column in the in-situ curing process.The inner damage of the specimen during curing and uniaxial compressive testing was monitored by electrical resistivity and ultrasonic equipment.Results show that:1)Uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)and elastic modulus(EM)of the samples curing under pressure are higher than those of the control samples without pressure,ranging in ratio from 0.5%to 20.2%and 7.1%to 52.3%,respectively,and are influenced by the initial loading age(ILA)and stress strength ratio(SSR).The SSR during curing should not exceed 80%.2)The earlier the ILA is,the higher the total strain becomes.The higher the SSR applies,the larger the total strain gets.The creep strain increases with the increase of SSR and can be described by Burger’s viscoelastic creep model.When SSR is less than 80%,the earlier the ILA is,the smaller the creep strain becomes after the last step-loading.3)The stability of the early age backfill column under pressure can be monitored based on the change of ultrasonic pulse velocity(UPV)and electrical resistivity.展开更多
In recent years,oil spill accidents occur frequently in the marine area of China.Finding out the spilled oil source is a key step in the relevant investigation.In this paper,a step-by-step fingerprinting identificatio...In recent years,oil spill accidents occur frequently in the marine area of China.Finding out the spilled oil source is a key step in the relevant investigation.In this paper,a step-by-step fingerprinting identification method was used in a spilled oil accident in the Bohai Sea in 2002.Advanced chemical fingerprinting and data interpretation techniques were used to characterize the chemical composition and determine the possible sources of two spilled oil samples.The original gas chromatography -flame ionization detec-tion (GC-FID) chromatogram of saturated hydrocarbons was compared.The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) chromatograms of aromatic hydrocarbons terpane and sterane,n-alkane and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed.The correlation analysis on diagnostic ratios was performed with Student’s t-test.It is found that the oil fingerprinting of the spilled oil (designated as sz1) from the polluted sand beach was identical with the suspected oil (designated as ky1) from a nearby crude oil refinery factory.They both showed the fingerprinting character of mixed oil.The oil fingerprinting of the spilled oil (designated as ms1) collected from the port was significantly different from oil ky1 and oil sz1 and was with a lubricating oil fingerprint character.The identification result not only gave support for the spilled oil investigation,but also served as an example for studying spilled oil accidents.展开更多
A three-dimensional(3D)step-by-step inversion strategy for audio magnetotellurics(AMT)is investigated in this study.The objective function is minimized by iteratively solving the Gauss-Newton normal equation,and the i...A three-dimensional(3D)step-by-step inversion strategy for audio magnetotellurics(AMT)is investigated in this study.The objective function is minimized by iteratively solving the Gauss-Newton normal equation,and the inversion region is discretized with unstructured tetrahedral elements.The inversion proceeds step-by-step from a coarse mesh to a fine mesh.In the inversion iteration process,a mesh is adaptively optimized according to the spatial gradient information about the model resistivity to fine delineate the boundaries of abnormal bodies.In the early stage of inversion execution,a coarse mesh is used for inversion,and the inversion stability is improved by reducing the number of inversion elements.In addition,mesh refinement is performed in the iterative inversion process.The inversion results obtained from the previous mesh are used as the reference and initial models for the next mesh iterative inversion.The step-by-step inversion strategy can ensure that the inversion is performed in the correct direction,improving the inversion stability and results gradually.Synthetic results show that the step-by-step inversion strategy with a Gauss-Newton method for 3D AMT inversion is stable and reliable,which lays a foundation for further practical 3D AMT data inversion.展开更多
文摘Dictation plays an important role in teaching, learning and testing. But different people have different views about its functions. This paper mainly talks about its advantages—improving students' all-round ability, exerting positive feedback and practical effect on English teaching and learning, and cultivating students' ability of English comprehension. Then the author puts forward a few suggestions for the training of dictation skills.
文摘Dictation is a complicated process of decoding information and reorganizing meaning of an utterance and it has long been used to measure students' language proficiency and help them to develop accuracy in listening and writing. However, many English majors have poor performance in dictation of TEM-4. The paper tries to discuss the fundamental factors that prevent students from obtaining a relatively high score in dictation and suggests some ways to deal with the problems.
文摘This study examines the effects of reading-listening integrated dictation on Chinese college-level English as a foreign language(EFL) learners’ listening. Different from previous research that explored reading while listening for listening development, this study combined the two skills in dictation in which listening was a continuation of reading. Participants were two groups of firstyear Chinese EFL learners who were exposed to the target language under two conditions: the traditional dictation(i. e., listening-only) and the reading-listening integrated dictation in a counterbalanced order. Three datasets were collected: listening performance, perception questionnaires and follow-up interviews. Results indicated that the reading-listening integrated dictation was superior in terms of learning gains from listening and that their effect was commensurate with dictation text difficulty. The findings also showed that the reading-listening integrated dictation could enhance EFL students’ confidence and interest and make the use of strategies possible during listening.
文摘Dictation is a traditional but still widely applied method to teach language vocabulary,grammar structures and other language skills.Because of the teachers’negative opinions on dictation and improper ways of dictation conduction,dictation hasn’t received a satisfying expectation in English vocabulary teaching in China.This research attempts to find out some innovative dictation activities and some effective techniques which can help English teachers in China conduct dictation in these activities to promote the efficiency of language vocabulary teaching.
文摘This paper aims to explore the effectiveness of dictation practice in improving non-English major undergraduates listening comprehension.35 students were selected into the experiment.For the comparison of the experimental data,we found that students'listening comprehension do improved after 12 weeks training while some other implications also were discussed for further study in order to promote listening teaching and learning.
基金Project(51974192)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(201803D31044)supported by the Program for Key Research Project of Shanxi Province in the Field of Social Development,ChinaProject(201801D121092)supported by the Applied Basic Research Project of Shanxi Province,China。
文摘A step-by-step load was utilized to mimic the load history of the backfill column in the in-situ curing process.The inner damage of the specimen during curing and uniaxial compressive testing was monitored by electrical resistivity and ultrasonic equipment.Results show that:1)Uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)and elastic modulus(EM)of the samples curing under pressure are higher than those of the control samples without pressure,ranging in ratio from 0.5%to 20.2%and 7.1%to 52.3%,respectively,and are influenced by the initial loading age(ILA)and stress strength ratio(SSR).The SSR during curing should not exceed 80%.2)The earlier the ILA is,the higher the total strain becomes.The higher the SSR applies,the larger the total strain gets.The creep strain increases with the increase of SSR and can be described by Burger’s viscoelastic creep model.When SSR is less than 80%,the earlier the ILA is,the smaller the creep strain becomes after the last step-loading.3)The stability of the early age backfill column under pressure can be monitored based on the change of ultrasonic pulse velocity(UPV)and electrical resistivity.
文摘In recent years,oil spill accidents occur frequently in the marine area of China.Finding out the spilled oil source is a key step in the relevant investigation.In this paper,a step-by-step fingerprinting identification method was used in a spilled oil accident in the Bohai Sea in 2002.Advanced chemical fingerprinting and data interpretation techniques were used to characterize the chemical composition and determine the possible sources of two spilled oil samples.The original gas chromatography -flame ionization detec-tion (GC-FID) chromatogram of saturated hydrocarbons was compared.The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) chromatograms of aromatic hydrocarbons terpane and sterane,n-alkane and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed.The correlation analysis on diagnostic ratios was performed with Student’s t-test.It is found that the oil fingerprinting of the spilled oil (designated as sz1) from the polluted sand beach was identical with the suspected oil (designated as ky1) from a nearby crude oil refinery factory.They both showed the fingerprinting character of mixed oil.The oil fingerprinting of the spilled oil (designated as ms1) collected from the port was significantly different from oil ky1 and oil sz1 and was with a lubricating oil fingerprint character.The identification result not only gave support for the spilled oil investigation,but also served as an example for studying spilled oil accidents.
文摘A three-dimensional(3D)step-by-step inversion strategy for audio magnetotellurics(AMT)is investigated in this study.The objective function is minimized by iteratively solving the Gauss-Newton normal equation,and the inversion region is discretized with unstructured tetrahedral elements.The inversion proceeds step-by-step from a coarse mesh to a fine mesh.In the inversion iteration process,a mesh is adaptively optimized according to the spatial gradient information about the model resistivity to fine delineate the boundaries of abnormal bodies.In the early stage of inversion execution,a coarse mesh is used for inversion,and the inversion stability is improved by reducing the number of inversion elements.In addition,mesh refinement is performed in the iterative inversion process.The inversion results obtained from the previous mesh are used as the reference and initial models for the next mesh iterative inversion.The step-by-step inversion strategy can ensure that the inversion is performed in the correct direction,improving the inversion stability and results gradually.Synthetic results show that the step-by-step inversion strategy with a Gauss-Newton method for 3D AMT inversion is stable and reliable,which lays a foundation for further practical 3D AMT data inversion.
