Aim: To evaluate the key lesions in spermatogenesis suppressed partially by testosterone undecanoate (TU) treatment. Methods: Adult male SD rats were treated with vehicle or TU (19 mg/kg) injection (i.m.) every 15 day...Aim: To evaluate the key lesions in spermatogenesis suppressed partially by testosterone undecanoate (TU) treatment. Methods: Adult male SD rats were treated with vehicle or TU (19 mg/kg) injection (i.m.) every 15 days for 130 days. The numbers of all types of cells (nuclei) in the seminiferous tubules and the interstitial tissue were estimated using a contemporary stereological tool, the optical disector. Results: In response to TU treatment, the numbers of non-type B spermatogonia, type B spermatogonia and late elongated spermatids per testis were reduced to 51 %, 66 % and 14 % of the controls, respectively. The conversion ratios from type B spermatogonia to early spermatocytes and pachytene spermatocytes were not significantly affected and the ratios to the later germ cell types fell to 51 % - 65 % of the controls. Less than 1.0 % of immature round spermatids were seen sloughing into the tubule lumen, 4.0 % of elongated spermatids retained in the seminiferous epithelium, and about half of the elongated spermatid nuclei appreciably malformed. Leydig cells were atrophied but their number and the peritubular myoid cell number per testis were unchanged. Conclusion: Double inhibition of spermatogenesis (i.e. inhibition at spermiation and spermatogonial conversion to type B spermatogonia), a scenario seen in the monkey and human following gona-dotrophin withdrawal, was not sufficiently effective for a complete spermatogenic suppression in the rat after TU treatment, probably due to ineffective inhibition of the Leydig cell population and therefore the intra-testicular testosterone levels.展开更多
Aim: To investigate the spermatozoal production rate of the testis and the spermatozoal storage capacity of the epi-didymis in monkeys and rats. Methods: The number of the late spermatids (steps 13 - 14 in the monkey ...Aim: To investigate the spermatozoal production rate of the testis and the spermatozoal storage capacity of the epi-didymis in monkeys and rats. Methods: The number of the late spermatids (steps 13 - 14 in the monkey or steps15 - 19 in the rat) per testis and the number of spermatozoa per epididymis were estimated in 6 normal adult monkeys(Macaca fascicularis) and 6 normal adult SD rats on 25 um-thick methacrylate-embedded sections using a contempo-rary unbiased and efficient stereological method-the optical disector. The diameter and length of the efferent ductulesand ductus epididymidis and the volume of the epididymal fluid in the tubules were also estimated. Results: The totalnumber of the late spermatids per testis was 2902 ±749 (million, x ±s) in the monkey, or 179 ±31 in the rat; thenumber of spermatozoa per epididymis was 3235 ±1835 in the monkey, or 241±76 in the rat. Conclusion: A largenumber of spermatozoa was densely packed and stored in the ductus epididymidis; the epididymal transit time for sper-matozoa was around 5 days in monkeys or 11 days in rats.展开更多
Nd : YAG precursor powders were synthesized by homogeneous precipitation, and Nd : YAG transparent ceramics were prepared by vacuum sintering at 1700 ℃ for 5 h. The ceramic materials were characterized by light tra...Nd : YAG precursor powders were synthesized by homogeneous precipitation, and Nd : YAG transparent ceramics were prepared by vacuum sintering at 1700 ℃ for 5 h. The ceramic materials were characterized by light transmittance and field emission gun-environment scanning microscope. Using statistics and stereology theory, study was carried out on the quantitative relationships between light transmittance and stereological parameters in three-dimensional Euclidean space. It is found that the transmittance of Nd:YAG with 1 mm in thickness is about 45% and 58% in visible and near-infrared wavelength, respectively. The transmittance linearly increases with increasing equivalent sphere diameter and reaches the theoretical value of single crystal when the equivalent sphere diameter is 20μm. The transmittance decreases with the increasing of mean specific area per unit volume of grain and discrete grains, and the transmittance decreases with increasing mean free distance of grains in Nd:YAG ceramics.展开更多
In the present study,tissue blocks were randomly sampled from the entire hippocampus of 6-week-old Long-Evans rats.Isotropic,uniform and random sections,60 nm thick,were prepared by isector.Fifteen fields of view were...In the present study,tissue blocks were randomly sampled from the entire hippocampus of 6-week-old Long-Evans rats.Isotropic,uniform and random sections,60 nm thick,were prepared by isector.Fifteen fields of view were randomly selected for each section and photographed using a transmission electron microscope.The mean internal and external diameters of the myelin sheaths were obtained by measuring the longest profile diameter perpendicular to its longest axis.The inner and outer perimeters of the myelin sheaths were estimated using the equidistant parallel test lines.The thickness of the myelin sheaths was estimated by direct orthogonal measurements in uniform,random locations.These stereological methods should permit an unbiased quantitative assessment of changes in the myelin sheaths of myelinated fibers in the hippocam-pus.展开更多
This study was organized to see whether vitamin E, as a strong antioxidant, could affect the abnormalities of testis structure caused by para-nonylphenol (p-NP) during its development. A total of 32 female Wistar ra...This study was organized to see whether vitamin E, as a strong antioxidant, could affect the abnormalities of testis structure caused by para-nonylphenol (p-NP) during its development. A total of 32 female Wistar rats after mating were divided into four groups (n = 8): control, vitamin E (100 mg kg^-1 per day), p-NP (250 mg kg^-1 per day) and p-NP + vitamin E. The rats were treated from the seventh day of pregnancy till the twenty-first day. After weaning, the male pups were divided into the same groups and were treated orally for 90 days. Finally, the right testis was fixed, processed, stained and studied using stereological methods. The weight and volume of testis, volume of seminiferous tubules and its diameter, thickness of the basement membrane, height of the germinal epithelium, total number of types A and B spermatogonia, spermatocyte, spermatid and Sertoli cells were significantly reduced in p-NP group when compared with other groups. Co-administration of vitamin E and p-NP compensated for the adverse effects of p-NP on the above parameters. In addition, treatment with only vitamin E caused a significant increase in diameter, basement membrane thickness and height of germinal epithelium, number of spermatogonia and spermatocytes. Co-administration of vitamin E with p-NP could prevent the adverse effects ofp-NP on the testis structure during its development.展开更多
The evolution of both the metric and topological properties of the microstructure for Ni pow- der compacts at the late stages of sintering(V_v^s>0.90)has been investigated by means of stereological method.The effec...The evolution of both the metric and topological properties of the microstructure for Ni pow- der compacts at the late stages of sintering(V_v^s>0.90)has been investigated by means of stereological method.The effects of precompaction pressure and loose sintering have been stu- died and discussed.展开更多
Quantitative analysis of populations having a geometric structure,which has developed into a special scientific subject called microstructology or stereology,is of great importance to the characterization and evaluati...Quantitative analysis of populations having a geometric structure,which has developed into a special scientific subject called microstructology or stereology,is of great importance to the characterization and evaluation of microstructures and their evolution in various processes.This paper, besides a brief discussion on those topics such as the recent developments of computer assisted image analysis,mathematical morphology,and fractal analysis,will mainly focus on the scope,fundamen- tals,present status,and perspectives of classical stereology.Several case examples of its application to materials science will also be given.展开更多
The morphological and functional changes of the lungs in the early phase of blast injurywere analyzed and related quantitatively in rats with microcomputer-assisted morphometry.It wasfound that(1)significant or part...The morphological and functional changes of the lungs in the early phase of blast injurywere analyzed and related quantitatively in rats with microcomputer-assisted morphometry.It wasfound that(1)significant or partial correlation exists between stereological and functional indices,(2)changes of the endothelium and epithelium rather than the interstitium contribute to the increase ofharmonic and arithmetic thickness(T<sub>ht</sub>,T<sub>at</sub>)of the air-blood barrier,and(3)the regression equa-tions are as follows:(a)PaO<sub>2</sub>=3.56+1.62DL(O<sub>2</sub>),r=0.678,P=0.032:(b)PaO<sub>2</sub>=2.99+3.49DL(O<sub>2</sub>)-0.0005S<sub>A</sub>+0.003S<sub>c</sub>-38.2V<sub>c</sub>-0.257T<sub>ap</sub>-0.028Dt(O<sub>2</sub>),r<sub>y</sub>=0.9999,P=0.008;(c)PaCO<sub>2</sub>=7.69+0.0001S<sub>A</sub>-4.35T<sub>at</sub>+19.7T<sub>ht</sub>-46.2T<sub>hp</sub>-4.4T<sub>aen</sub>-5.87T<sub>aep</sub>,r<sub>y</sub>=0.9999,P=0.014;(d)pH=3.068+0.0005S<sub>A</sub>-1.79T<sub>at</sub>+12.2T<sub>ht</sub>-50.8T<sub>hp</sub>-2.52T<sub>aint</sub>+0.69DL(O<sub>2</sub>),r<sub>y</sub>=0.9999,P=0.10.The significance and application of stereology in theestablishment of the quantitative relationship between morphological and functional indices are dis-cussed.Mathematical models to relate morphometric parameters to functional changes are possible.展开更多
AIM:To determine the histopathological changes of rifampicin applied intravitreally on retinal ganglion cells by means of stereological and histopathological methods.METHODS:For this study twenty-four New Zealand adul...AIM:To determine the histopathological changes of rifampicin applied intravitreally on retinal ganglion cells by means of stereological and histopathological methods.METHODS:For this study twenty-four New Zealand adult rabbits were divided into four groups(n=6 for each group).50μg/0.1mL(group 1),100μg/0.1mL(group 2),150μg/0.1mL(group 3) and 200μg/0.1mL(group 4),rifampicin were injected into the vitreous of the right eyes of animals,their left eyes were used as control(group 5).After the 28thday of application,animals were anesthetised with xylazine(8mg/kg,IM) and then their eyes were enucleated immediately.Patterns were taken away and eyes were prepared for both stereological and electromicroscopic observation.RESULTS:Depending on the high dose of rifampicin,some histopathological changes such as cytoplasmic dilatation and damaged membrane were observed on the electromicroscopic level.Using quantitative examination,which was done at the light microscopic level,it was shown that the number of neurons decreased linearly as rifampicin dose increased when compared with the control group.CONCLUSION:Based on these findings,low-dose rifampicin(50μg/0.1mL) may be useful for treatment of the ocular diseases.展开更多
This study was designed to investigate the relationship between hepatotoxicity of halothane and altered hepatic calcium homeostasis in enzyme-induced hypoxic rats by means of Ca2+ cytochemical location and EDX microan...This study was designed to investigate the relationship between hepatotoxicity of halothane and altered hepatic calcium homeostasis in enzyme-induced hypoxic rats by means of Ca2+ cytochemical location and EDX microanalysis combined with stereology of liver and ultrastructural analysis by computer. It was found that more calcium precipitated in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of liver than that in the controls following halothane exposure. This alteration appears to be the result of accelerated uptake of Ca2+ by hepatocytes and decreased output of loaded Ca2+ on the one hand, and increased release of reserved Ca2+ on the other hand. These results suggest that change in cullular Ca2+ balance plays an important role in the mechanism of hepatotoxicity induced by halothane exposure.展开更多
Sphere unfolding relationships are revisited with a specific focus on the analysis of segmented digital images of microstructures. Since the features of such images are most easily quantified by counting pixels, the r...Sphere unfolding relationships are revisited with a specific focus on the analysis of segmented digital images of microstructures. Since the features of such images are most easily quantified by counting pixels, the required equations are re-derived in terms of the histogram of areas (instead of diameters or radii) as inputs and it is shown that a substitution can be made that simplifies the calculation. A practical method is presented for utilizing negative number fraction bins (which sometimes arise from erroneous assumptions and/or insufficient numbers of observations) for the creation of error bars. The complete algorithm can be implemented in a spreadsheet. The derived unfolding equations are explored using both linear and logarithmic binning schemes, and the pros and cons of both binning schemes are illustrated using simulated data. The effects of the binning schemes on the stereological results are demonstrated and discussed with reference to their consequences for practical materials characterization situations, allowing for the suggestion of guidelines for proper application of this, and other, distribution-free stereological methods.展开更多
Objective: To collect high quality, representative tissue material from tumors and manage its distribution to different laboratories. Design: Prospective controlled study. Animals: Thirty-six dogs with mast cell tumor...Objective: To collect high quality, representative tissue material from tumors and manage its distribution to different laboratories. Design: Prospective controlled study. Animals: Thirty-six dogs with mast cell tumors. Procedures: The samples were submitted for the following analyses: stereology;histopathology;cell culture;breakdown for cytogenetic analysis of chromosomes (based on the Boxer breed published genome);Cell lysis for Real Time PCR and quantification of gene expression of CX 43, 32 and E-cadherin in canine mast cells. Results: Cytogenetic chromosome analysis, 90.9% of the samples were considered to be of good quality. For gene expression quantification of CX 43, 32 and E-cadherin in canine mast cell tumors (MCT), 95.5% of samples were considered to be of good quality. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: We seek to assess the importance of surgical collection and post-surgical tissue preparation on laboratory testing by collecting surgical material appropriately to allow accurate diagnosis and reliable clinical prognosis and minimize errors caused by inadequate preparation of samples.展开更多
Background:An affordable approach accepted worldwide to successfully treat mild maternal hyperglycemia in gestational diabetes(GDM),is diet-controlled therapy.As no elaborate research was available,this study was craf...Background:An affordable approach accepted worldwide to successfully treat mild maternal hyperglycemia in gestational diabetes(GDM),is diet-controlled therapy.As no elaborate research was available,this study was crafted to investigate morphometric stereological details and to determine the mean placental oxygen diffusion capacity for patients who were kept on diet therapy for mild gestational hyperglycemia.Methods:A clinical trial(NCT04907708)was conducted from January 2018 to February 2019.A total of 70 women completed the study,out of which 35 served as healthy controls as Group A and 35 were diagnosed as mild gestational diabetics according to WHO criteria(Group B).These patients were kept on a restricted calorie diet with light exercise during gestation and were followed regularly during gestation.Soon after delivery,conserved placentas underwent complete gross,microscopic,and stereological investigations with the point and intersection-counting methods.Results:Significant differences were observed for placental width and syncytial knots(p<0.010 and 0.025 respectively)between the groups on gross and light microscopy.Most of the parameters were non-significant,though numerically more in the GDM group.On stereological details,mean placental volume,mean placental components volumes(villi,inter-villous space,fetal capillary,and fetal connective tissue),mean villi and mean fetal capillary diameter,mean villi and capillary surface density and mean morphometric diffusing capacity of placenta showed non-significant results between the groups.Conclusion:Minimal changes were observed in gross,microscopy,and morphometric stereological details in the placentae of GDM patients managed with nutritional therapy during gestation compared with the healthy controls.展开更多
Objective:To determine the protective effect of co-enzyme Q10(CoQ10)on testicular tissue and sperm parameters in male rats treated with SunsetYellow FCF.Methods:Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided int...Objective:To determine the protective effect of co-enzyme Q10(CoQ10)on testicular tissue and sperm parameters in male rats treated with SunsetYellow FCF.Methods:Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of the control,CoQ10(10 mg/kg/day),low dose of Sunset Yellow(2.5 mg/kg),high dose of Sunset Yellow(70 mg/kg),low dose of Sunset Yellow(2.5 mg/kg)plus CoQ10,and high dose of Sunset Yellow(70 mg/kg)plus CoQ10.The drugs were administered via daily oral gavages for 6 weeks.At the end of the experiment,sperm analysis,stereological and histological assessments of the testis were carried out.Results:The normal morphology(by 41.1%)and progressive spermatozoa(by 74.8%),testicle volume(by 33.4%),lumen volume(by 38.3%),interstitial tissue volume(by 44.7%),seminiferous tubule volume(by 40.7%),and number of spermatogonia(by 53.9%)and Leydig cells(by 70.7%)reduced in the rats that received high doses of Sunset Yellow in comparison to the control group.Nonetheless,all these alterations were recovered by CoQ10 treatment in the CoQ10 plus high dose of Sunset Yellow group.Furthermore,low doses of Sunset Yellow did not affect different parameters of the testis and sperm.Conclusions:CoQ10 could,to some extent,prevent structural changes of the testis induced by the high dose of SunsetYellow.展开更多
Reliablemicrostructuremeasurement of snow is a requirement for microwave radiative transfer model validation.Snow specific surface area(SSA)can be measured using stereological methods,in which snow samples are cast in...Reliablemicrostructuremeasurement of snow is a requirement for microwave radiative transfer model validation.Snow specific surface area(SSA)can be measured using stereological methods,in which snow samples are cast in the field and photographed in the laboratory.Processing stereology photographs manually by counting intersections of test cycloids with air-ice boundaries reduces the problems in binary segmentation.This paper is a case study to evaluate the repeatability of the manually stereology interpretation by two independent research groups.We further assessed how uncertainty in snow SSA influences simulated brightness temperature(TB)driven by the Microwave Emission Model of Layered Snowpacks(MEMLS),and how stereology compares to Near Infrared(NIR)camera and hand lens.Data was obtained from two alpine snow profiles from Steamboat Springs,Colorado.Results showed that stereological SSA values measured by two groups are highly consistent,and the ground radiometer measured T_(B)at 19 and 37 GHz was successfully predicted(RMSE<3.8 K);simulations using NIR SSA and hand-lens geometric grain size(Dg)measurements have larger errors.This conclusion was not sensitive to uncertainty in the free parameters of TB modeling.展开更多
Objective To analyse quantitative changes of testicular peritubular cells in aging mice, and meanwhile investigate age-related changes in both Sertoli cells and germ cells with stereology. Methods Thirty male Kunming ...Objective To analyse quantitative changes of testicular peritubular cells in aging mice, and meanwhile investigate age-related changes in both Sertoli cells and germ cells with stereology. Methods Thirty male Kunming mice were enrolled in this study. The aged mice (n=15) were 18 months old. The young mice (n=15) were 6 months old, as the control. Haematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe histological changes. Pathological evaluation rules of assignment scores were made to evaluate. Stereology techniques were applied to quantitatively analyse histological structure of the testicular tissues. Results Compared with young group, pathologic assignment scores of aging group were significantly higher (P〈0.05). Diameter of seminiferous tubules in aging mice was atrophied significantly (P〈0.05). Germ cell numerical density and Sertoli cell volume density of aging group were reduced significantly compared with young group (P〈0.05). No significant differences were found in peritubular cell parameters compared with young group (P〉0.05). Conclusion The pathological assignment scores suggest a succession of changes on the testis with age. The stereological numbers demonstrate damaged Sertoli cells and decreased germ cells, which is indicative of spermatogenic disturbance. However, no significant quantity changes of peritubular cells is observed in aging mice.展开更多
文摘Aim: To evaluate the key lesions in spermatogenesis suppressed partially by testosterone undecanoate (TU) treatment. Methods: Adult male SD rats were treated with vehicle or TU (19 mg/kg) injection (i.m.) every 15 days for 130 days. The numbers of all types of cells (nuclei) in the seminiferous tubules and the interstitial tissue were estimated using a contemporary stereological tool, the optical disector. Results: In response to TU treatment, the numbers of non-type B spermatogonia, type B spermatogonia and late elongated spermatids per testis were reduced to 51 %, 66 % and 14 % of the controls, respectively. The conversion ratios from type B spermatogonia to early spermatocytes and pachytene spermatocytes were not significantly affected and the ratios to the later germ cell types fell to 51 % - 65 % of the controls. Less than 1.0 % of immature round spermatids were seen sloughing into the tubule lumen, 4.0 % of elongated spermatids retained in the seminiferous epithelium, and about half of the elongated spermatid nuclei appreciably malformed. Leydig cells were atrophied but their number and the peritubular myoid cell number per testis were unchanged. Conclusion: Double inhibition of spermatogenesis (i.e. inhibition at spermiation and spermatogonial conversion to type B spermatogonia), a scenario seen in the monkey and human following gona-dotrophin withdrawal, was not sufficiently effective for a complete spermatogenic suppression in the rat after TU treatment, probably due to ineffective inhibition of the Leydig cell population and therefore the intra-testicular testosterone levels.
文摘Aim: To investigate the spermatozoal production rate of the testis and the spermatozoal storage capacity of the epi-didymis in monkeys and rats. Methods: The number of the late spermatids (steps 13 - 14 in the monkey or steps15 - 19 in the rat) per testis and the number of spermatozoa per epididymis were estimated in 6 normal adult monkeys(Macaca fascicularis) and 6 normal adult SD rats on 25 um-thick methacrylate-embedded sections using a contempo-rary unbiased and efficient stereological method-the optical disector. The diameter and length of the efferent ductulesand ductus epididymidis and the volume of the epididymal fluid in the tubules were also estimated. Results: The totalnumber of the late spermatids per testis was 2902 ±749 (million, x ±s) in the monkey, or 179 ±31 in the rat; thenumber of spermatozoa per epididymis was 3235 ±1835 in the monkey, or 241±76 in the rat. Conclusion: A largenumber of spermatozoa was densely packed and stored in the ductus epididymidis; the epididymal transit time for sper-matozoa was around 5 days in monkeys or 11 days in rats.
基金Project supported by Key Science and Technology of Chinese Ministry of Education (205037)
文摘Nd : YAG precursor powders were synthesized by homogeneous precipitation, and Nd : YAG transparent ceramics were prepared by vacuum sintering at 1700 ℃ for 5 h. The ceramic materials were characterized by light transmittance and field emission gun-environment scanning microscope. Using statistics and stereology theory, study was carried out on the quantitative relationships between light transmittance and stereological parameters in three-dimensional Euclidean space. It is found that the transmittance of Nd:YAG with 1 mm in thickness is about 45% and 58% in visible and near-infrared wavelength, respectively. The transmittance linearly increases with increasing equivalent sphere diameter and reaches the theoretical value of single crystal when the equivalent sphere diameter is 20μm. The transmittance decreases with the increasing of mean specific area per unit volume of grain and discrete grains, and the transmittance decreases with increasing mean free distance of grains in Nd:YAG ceramics.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30973155
文摘In the present study,tissue blocks were randomly sampled from the entire hippocampus of 6-week-old Long-Evans rats.Isotropic,uniform and random sections,60 nm thick,were prepared by isector.Fifteen fields of view were randomly selected for each section and photographed using a transmission electron microscope.The mean internal and external diameters of the myelin sheaths were obtained by measuring the longest profile diameter perpendicular to its longest axis.The inner and outer perimeters of the myelin sheaths were estimated using the equidistant parallel test lines.The thickness of the myelin sheaths was estimated by direct orthogonal measurements in uniform,random locations.These stereological methods should permit an unbiased quantitative assessment of changes in the myelin sheaths of myelinated fibers in the hippocam-pus.
文摘This study was organized to see whether vitamin E, as a strong antioxidant, could affect the abnormalities of testis structure caused by para-nonylphenol (p-NP) during its development. A total of 32 female Wistar rats after mating were divided into four groups (n = 8): control, vitamin E (100 mg kg^-1 per day), p-NP (250 mg kg^-1 per day) and p-NP + vitamin E. The rats were treated from the seventh day of pregnancy till the twenty-first day. After weaning, the male pups were divided into the same groups and were treated orally for 90 days. Finally, the right testis was fixed, processed, stained and studied using stereological methods. The weight and volume of testis, volume of seminiferous tubules and its diameter, thickness of the basement membrane, height of the germinal epithelium, total number of types A and B spermatogonia, spermatocyte, spermatid and Sertoli cells were significantly reduced in p-NP group when compared with other groups. Co-administration of vitamin E and p-NP compensated for the adverse effects of p-NP on the above parameters. In addition, treatment with only vitamin E caused a significant increase in diameter, basement membrane thickness and height of germinal epithelium, number of spermatogonia and spermatocytes. Co-administration of vitamin E with p-NP could prevent the adverse effects ofp-NP on the testis structure during its development.
文摘The evolution of both the metric and topological properties of the microstructure for Ni pow- der compacts at the late stages of sintering(V_v^s>0.90)has been investigated by means of stereological method.The effects of precompaction pressure and loose sintering have been stu- died and discussed.
文摘Quantitative analysis of populations having a geometric structure,which has developed into a special scientific subject called microstructology or stereology,is of great importance to the characterization and evaluation of microstructures and their evolution in various processes.This paper, besides a brief discussion on those topics such as the recent developments of computer assisted image analysis,mathematical morphology,and fractal analysis,will mainly focus on the scope,fundamen- tals,present status,and perspectives of classical stereology.Several case examples of its application to materials science will also be given.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China
文摘The morphological and functional changes of the lungs in the early phase of blast injurywere analyzed and related quantitatively in rats with microcomputer-assisted morphometry.It wasfound that(1)significant or partial correlation exists between stereological and functional indices,(2)changes of the endothelium and epithelium rather than the interstitium contribute to the increase ofharmonic and arithmetic thickness(T<sub>ht</sub>,T<sub>at</sub>)of the air-blood barrier,and(3)the regression equa-tions are as follows:(a)PaO<sub>2</sub>=3.56+1.62DL(O<sub>2</sub>),r=0.678,P=0.032:(b)PaO<sub>2</sub>=2.99+3.49DL(O<sub>2</sub>)-0.0005S<sub>A</sub>+0.003S<sub>c</sub>-38.2V<sub>c</sub>-0.257T<sub>ap</sub>-0.028Dt(O<sub>2</sub>),r<sub>y</sub>=0.9999,P=0.008;(c)PaCO<sub>2</sub>=7.69+0.0001S<sub>A</sub>-4.35T<sub>at</sub>+19.7T<sub>ht</sub>-46.2T<sub>hp</sub>-4.4T<sub>aen</sub>-5.87T<sub>aep</sub>,r<sub>y</sub>=0.9999,P=0.014;(d)pH=3.068+0.0005S<sub>A</sub>-1.79T<sub>at</sub>+12.2T<sub>ht</sub>-50.8T<sub>hp</sub>-2.52T<sub>aint</sub>+0.69DL(O<sub>2</sub>),r<sub>y</sub>=0.9999,P=0.10.The significance and application of stereology in theestablishment of the quantitative relationship between morphological and functional indices are dis-cussed.Mathematical models to relate morphometric parameters to functional changes are possible.
文摘AIM:To determine the histopathological changes of rifampicin applied intravitreally on retinal ganglion cells by means of stereological and histopathological methods.METHODS:For this study twenty-four New Zealand adult rabbits were divided into four groups(n=6 for each group).50μg/0.1mL(group 1),100μg/0.1mL(group 2),150μg/0.1mL(group 3) and 200μg/0.1mL(group 4),rifampicin were injected into the vitreous of the right eyes of animals,their left eyes were used as control(group 5).After the 28thday of application,animals were anesthetised with xylazine(8mg/kg,IM) and then their eyes were enucleated immediately.Patterns were taken away and eyes were prepared for both stereological and electromicroscopic observation.RESULTS:Depending on the high dose of rifampicin,some histopathological changes such as cytoplasmic dilatation and damaged membrane were observed on the electromicroscopic level.Using quantitative examination,which was done at the light microscopic level,it was shown that the number of neurons decreased linearly as rifampicin dose increased when compared with the control group.CONCLUSION:Based on these findings,low-dose rifampicin(50μg/0.1mL) may be useful for treatment of the ocular diseases.
文摘This study was designed to investigate the relationship between hepatotoxicity of halothane and altered hepatic calcium homeostasis in enzyme-induced hypoxic rats by means of Ca2+ cytochemical location and EDX microanalysis combined with stereology of liver and ultrastructural analysis by computer. It was found that more calcium precipitated in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of liver than that in the controls following halothane exposure. This alteration appears to be the result of accelerated uptake of Ca2+ by hepatocytes and decreased output of loaded Ca2+ on the one hand, and increased release of reserved Ca2+ on the other hand. These results suggest that change in cullular Ca2+ balance plays an important role in the mechanism of hepatotoxicity induced by halothane exposure.
文摘Sphere unfolding relationships are revisited with a specific focus on the analysis of segmented digital images of microstructures. Since the features of such images are most easily quantified by counting pixels, the required equations are re-derived in terms of the histogram of areas (instead of diameters or radii) as inputs and it is shown that a substitution can be made that simplifies the calculation. A practical method is presented for utilizing negative number fraction bins (which sometimes arise from erroneous assumptions and/or insufficient numbers of observations) for the creation of error bars. The complete algorithm can be implemented in a spreadsheet. The derived unfolding equations are explored using both linear and logarithmic binning schemes, and the pros and cons of both binning schemes are illustrated using simulated data. The effects of the binning schemes on the stereological results are demonstrated and discussed with reference to their consequences for practical materials characterization situations, allowing for the suggestion of guidelines for proper application of this, and other, distribution-free stereological methods.
基金Supported by Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo(FAPESP).
文摘Objective: To collect high quality, representative tissue material from tumors and manage its distribution to different laboratories. Design: Prospective controlled study. Animals: Thirty-six dogs with mast cell tumors. Procedures: The samples were submitted for the following analyses: stereology;histopathology;cell culture;breakdown for cytogenetic analysis of chromosomes (based on the Boxer breed published genome);Cell lysis for Real Time PCR and quantification of gene expression of CX 43, 32 and E-cadherin in canine mast cells. Results: Cytogenetic chromosome analysis, 90.9% of the samples were considered to be of good quality. For gene expression quantification of CX 43, 32 and E-cadherin in canine mast cell tumors (MCT), 95.5% of samples were considered to be of good quality. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: We seek to assess the importance of surgical collection and post-surgical tissue preparation on laboratory testing by collecting surgical material appropriately to allow accurate diagnosis and reliable clinical prognosis and minimize errors caused by inadequate preparation of samples.
文摘Background:An affordable approach accepted worldwide to successfully treat mild maternal hyperglycemia in gestational diabetes(GDM),is diet-controlled therapy.As no elaborate research was available,this study was crafted to investigate morphometric stereological details and to determine the mean placental oxygen diffusion capacity for patients who were kept on diet therapy for mild gestational hyperglycemia.Methods:A clinical trial(NCT04907708)was conducted from January 2018 to February 2019.A total of 70 women completed the study,out of which 35 served as healthy controls as Group A and 35 were diagnosed as mild gestational diabetics according to WHO criteria(Group B).These patients were kept on a restricted calorie diet with light exercise during gestation and were followed regularly during gestation.Soon after delivery,conserved placentas underwent complete gross,microscopic,and stereological investigations with the point and intersection-counting methods.Results:Significant differences were observed for placental width and syncytial knots(p<0.010 and 0.025 respectively)between the groups on gross and light microscopy.Most of the parameters were non-significant,though numerically more in the GDM group.On stereological details,mean placental volume,mean placental components volumes(villi,inter-villous space,fetal capillary,and fetal connective tissue),mean villi and mean fetal capillary diameter,mean villi and capillary surface density and mean morphometric diffusing capacity of placenta showed non-significant results between the groups.Conclusion:Minimal changes were observed in gross,microscopy,and morphometric stereological details in the placentae of GDM patients managed with nutritional therapy during gestation compared with the healthy controls.
文摘Objective:To determine the protective effect of co-enzyme Q10(CoQ10)on testicular tissue and sperm parameters in male rats treated with SunsetYellow FCF.Methods:Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of the control,CoQ10(10 mg/kg/day),low dose of Sunset Yellow(2.5 mg/kg),high dose of Sunset Yellow(70 mg/kg),low dose of Sunset Yellow(2.5 mg/kg)plus CoQ10,and high dose of Sunset Yellow(70 mg/kg)plus CoQ10.The drugs were administered via daily oral gavages for 6 weeks.At the end of the experiment,sperm analysis,stereological and histological assessments of the testis were carried out.Results:The normal morphology(by 41.1%)and progressive spermatozoa(by 74.8%),testicle volume(by 33.4%),lumen volume(by 38.3%),interstitial tissue volume(by 44.7%),seminiferous tubule volume(by 40.7%),and number of spermatogonia(by 53.9%)and Leydig cells(by 70.7%)reduced in the rats that received high doses of Sunset Yellow in comparison to the control group.Nonetheless,all these alterations were recovered by CoQ10 treatment in the CoQ10 plus high dose of Sunset Yellow group.Furthermore,low doses of Sunset Yellow did not affect different parameters of the testis and sperm.Conclusions:CoQ10 could,to some extent,prevent structural changes of the testis induced by the high dose of SunsetYellow.
基金supported by NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program[grant number NNX09AM10G]Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences[grant number XDA20100300].
文摘Reliablemicrostructuremeasurement of snow is a requirement for microwave radiative transfer model validation.Snow specific surface area(SSA)can be measured using stereological methods,in which snow samples are cast in the field and photographed in the laboratory.Processing stereology photographs manually by counting intersections of test cycloids with air-ice boundaries reduces the problems in binary segmentation.This paper is a case study to evaluate the repeatability of the manually stereology interpretation by two independent research groups.We further assessed how uncertainty in snow SSA influences simulated brightness temperature(TB)driven by the Microwave Emission Model of Layered Snowpacks(MEMLS),and how stereology compares to Near Infrared(NIR)camera and hand lens.Data was obtained from two alpine snow profiles from Steamboat Springs,Colorado.Results showed that stereological SSA values measured by two groups are highly consistent,and the ground radiometer measured T_(B)at 19 and 37 GHz was successfully predicted(RMSE<3.8 K);simulations using NIR SSA and hand-lens geometric grain size(Dg)measurements have larger errors.This conclusion was not sensitive to uncertainty in the free parameters of TB modeling.
文摘Objective To analyse quantitative changes of testicular peritubular cells in aging mice, and meanwhile investigate age-related changes in both Sertoli cells and germ cells with stereology. Methods Thirty male Kunming mice were enrolled in this study. The aged mice (n=15) were 18 months old. The young mice (n=15) were 6 months old, as the control. Haematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe histological changes. Pathological evaluation rules of assignment scores were made to evaluate. Stereology techniques were applied to quantitatively analyse histological structure of the testicular tissues. Results Compared with young group, pathologic assignment scores of aging group were significantly higher (P〈0.05). Diameter of seminiferous tubules in aging mice was atrophied significantly (P〈0.05). Germ cell numerical density and Sertoli cell volume density of aging group were reduced significantly compared with young group (P〈0.05). No significant differences were found in peritubular cell parameters compared with young group (P〉0.05). Conclusion The pathological assignment scores suggest a succession of changes on the testis with age. The stereological numbers demonstrate damaged Sertoli cells and decreased germ cells, which is indicative of spermatogenic disturbance. However, no significant quantity changes of peritubular cells is observed in aging mice.