Innuendoes of Sterilisation Drilling in Surface Mining Operations—A Case Study

Surface mining operations play a crucial role in meeting the world’s increasing demand for mineral resources for the advancement of technology and debauched expansion of economies. The search for and exploitation of these mineral resources are therefore important for the sustainability of the mineral extraction industry. To this end, efficient mine planning must incorporate sterilisation drilling and effective waste rock management principles in the search and exploitation of these minerals. In this article, sterilisation drilling is being reviewed vis-a-vis the establishment of waste and tailings dump locations, backfilling of open pit excavations and mine closure giving critical attention to the minerals and mining laws of Ghana. Subsequently, a detailed case study of a surface mining operation that successfully incorporated sterilisation drilling in determining waste dump location in its mine planning process has been presented in this study. The findings indicate that the proposed waste dump location could present a potential mining prospect in the future based on enhanced milling capacity/technology and improved mineral commodity price;underscoring the significance of sterilization drilling in the sustainability of the mining industry.

Liposomes as sterile preparations and limitations of sterilisation techniques in liposomal manufacturing

Liposomes have been widely researched as a delivery system and there have been many manufacturing techniques used in the production of liposomal preparations,the most common being extrusion method which will be introduced in this paper.However because of the unique properties of liposomes and their susceptibility to chemical and physical degradation,sterilisation remains an unresolved issue in the manufacturing of liposomebased formulations.It is especially pertinent in the pharmaceutical industry where liposomes are commonly prepared for intravenous administration.Currently,filtration and aseptic manufacturing are recommended for the preparation of sterile liposomal products.Newer aseptic manufacturing techniques such as dense gas techniques have been devised to eliminate the need for terminal sterilisation.This paper will highlight the limitations of the conventional techniques that are specific to the liposome preparation under the respective sterilisation conditions specified by the 2011 British Pharmacopoeia to achieve 10
6 Sterility Assurance Level,as well as modifications incorporated in the newer sterilisation technologies to overcome these limitations.This paper will introduce these techniques in brief,including their advantages and limitations.

Effect of Autoclave Sterilisation on the Dimensional Stability and Tear Strength of Three Silicone Impression Materials

Objectives: There is a risk of spreading infectious material via non-sterile impressions. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of autoclave sterilisation on dimensional stability and tear strength of impression materials. Methods: Twenty-four specimens were produced using a standard ruled test block for each of three impression materials (Affinis, Aquasil and Speedex) to test dimensional stability. Thirty tear strips for each material were prepared for the tear test (ISO 34-1). Specimens were randomly allocated to 3 different groups (autoclaved, disinfected or untreated). A non-contact scanner was used to analyse dimensional change and a universal testing machine was used to determine tear strengths. Results: There were no significant differences in the test dimensions measured for any of the three impression materials following autoclave treatment compared to the disinfected or untreated control groups. The tear strengths were not adversely affected by autoclave sterilisation at 134°C. Conclusion: These addition and condensation-cured silicone impression materials can be steam autoclaved without adverse effects on dimensional accuracy or tear strength.

Effect of radiation sterilisation on the structure and antibacterial properties of antimicrobial peptides

Antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)have recently been exploited to fabricate anti-infective medical devices due to their biocompatibility and ability to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria.Modern medical devices should be thoroughly sterilised before use to avoid cross-infection and disease transmission,consequently it is essential to evaluate whether AMPs withstand the sterilisation process or not.In this study,the effect of radiation sterilisation on the structure and properties of AMPs was explored.Fourteen AMPs formed from different monomers with different topologies were synthesised by ring-opening polymerisation of N-carboxyanhydrides.The results of solubility testing showed that the star-shaped AMPs changed from water-soluble to water-insoluble after irradiation,while the solubility of linear AMPs remained unchanged.Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry showed that the molecular weight of the linear AMPs underwent minimal changes after irradiation.The results of minimum inhibitory concentration assay also illustrated that radiation sterilisation had little effect on the antibacterial properties of the linear AMPs.Therefore,radiation sterilisation may be a feasible method for the sterilisation of AMPs,which have promising commercial applications in medical devices.

无子刺梨组织培养和快速繁殖技术研究

以无子刺梨(Rosa sterilis)去叶片及皮刺的健壮枝条为外植体,通过对从诱导到组培苗生根各步的反复试验,摸索总结出无子刺梨组织培养和快速繁殖各步的最佳配方。结果表明,最佳初代诱导培养基为LM+1.0 mg/L KT+0.5 mg/L BA+0.02 mg/L TDZ+0.05 mg/L NAA;最佳增殖培养基为LM+1.0 mg/L KT+1.0 mg/L BA+0.02 mg/L TDZ+0.05 mg/L NAA;最佳生根培养基为LM+0.1 mg/L NAA。

Determination of 13 Trace Elements in Anshun Thorn Pear (Rosa roxburghii) and Golden Thorn Pear (Rosa sterilis S.D.Shi) by ICP-MS

[Objectives] This study was conducted to establish an analytical method for the establishment of 13 trace elements in Anshun thorn pear(Rosa roxburghii) and golden thorn pear(Rosa sterilis S. D. Shi). [Methods] Nitric acid was used as the digestion system for microwave digestion. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) was used to determine the trace elements in thorn pear and golden thorn pear. [Results] Be, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, As, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sb and Hg were determined by ICP-MS method in thorn pear and golden thorn pear. The correlation coefficients of the regression equations of the elements were higher than 0.996; the precision RSD was lower than 2.87%; and the recovery ranged from 94.3% to 109.8%. [Conclusions] The method has the advantages of high sensitivity, good accuracy and simultaneous detection of multiple elements, and provides a reference method and theoretical basis for determining trace elements in thorn pear and golden thorn pear and other fruits.

半干无籽刺梨果片加工研究

为了减少无籽刺梨(Rosa sterilis)果实采后的腐烂损失,又能获得高营养、原果风味浓的健康产品,试验以无籽刺梨鲜果为原料,采用微波干燥进行半干片制作。结果表明,无籽刺梨果块经烫漂90 s,再经微波间歇法干燥,可得到较为满意的半干片,含水量为21.58%,水活度为0.62;色泽金黄,软而紧实,具清新果香,维生素C含量为1664.25 mg/100 g。

无籽刺梨的组培快繁技术研究

以无籽刺梨(Rosa sterilis S.D.Shi)茎段为外植体,采用75%酒精+升汞4min40s的消毒组合,可获得63.63%无菌株得率;最佳诱导培养基为改良MS+6-BA4.0mg/L+NAA0.01mg/L;最佳增殖培养基为改良MS+6-BA1.0mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L,增殖系数2.67;最佳生根培养基为改良1/2MS+IBA0.2mg/L,生根率87.5%;采用80%腐殖土+15%珍珠岩+5%河沙的炼苗基质,前期注意保持85%的炼苗湿度,无籽刺梨组培苗成活率达90%以上。