Sodium silicate（NazSiO3） was used to improve the elution of super heavy oil from weathered soil on an ultrasound-enhanced elution system by the solution containing 0-6000 mg/L surfactant Triton X-100. The removal ex...Sodium silicate（NazSiO3） was used to improve the elution of super heavy oil from weathered soil on an ultrasound-enhanced elution system by the solution containing 0-6000 mg/L surfactant Triton X-100. The removal extent of three markers[C26-34 17a 25-norhopanes, C26-28triaromatic steroids（TAS）, and C27-29methyl triaromatic steroids（MTAS）] was monitored. The average elution percentages of C26-34 norhopanes, C26-28 TAS, and C27-29 MTAS by Triton X-100/Na2SiO3 solutions were increased by 11%-13%, 9%-11% and 8%-13% with increasing Triton X-100 concentrations from 150 mg/L to 6000 mg/L. All the concentrations of Triton X-100 improved the elu- tion of TAS homologs containing fewer carbon atoms, whereas high concentrations improved the elution of larger 17a 25-norhopane and MTAS species. Addition of Na2SiO3 produced a noticeable increase in elution, particularly for lower-weight species. Scanning electron microscope（SEM） images and energy spectroscopy data reveal that surfac- rant solution of 6000 mg/L Triton X-100 and 4000 mg/L Na2SiO3 produced the greatest improvement in the elution of super heavy oil aggregates encapsulating the soil surface and the emulsification of particle dispersions. That is to say mixed solutions of Triton X-100 and Na2SiO3 in combination with ultrasound are a potential means of removing super heavy oil from weathered soils.展开更多
11β-Hydroxy-androst-4-en-3,17-dione(1a),androst-4,9(11)-dien-3,17- dione-(2a),androst-4-en-3,11,17-trione(3a),11α-methoxy-androst-4-en-3,17-dione (4a)and 11β-metboxy-androst-4-en-3,17-dione(Sa)were selectively redu...11β-Hydroxy-androst-4-en-3,17-dione(1a),androst-4,9(11)-dien-3,17- dione-(2a),androst-4-en-3,11,17-trione(3a),11α-methoxy-androst-4-en-3,17-dione (4a)and 11β-metboxy-androst-4-en-3,17-dione(Sa)were selectively reduced to the corresponding 17β-OH derivatives in one step without the protection of 3- oxo(and 11-oxo,in the case of 3a)group with the yields ranging from 65% to 79%.In these reactions,the ditute NaBH_4(or KBH_4)solution in methanol was added dropwise to the 3,17-dioxo-steroids solution in methanol-benzene-pyridine, while the reaction mixtures were well stirred at -5～5℃.Acid(such as gtacial acetic acid)was added to quench the reactions.The resulted testosterone derivatives(1b～5b)were purified by flash chromatography. This method appties to the reduction of other 3,17-dioxo-steroids such as△~1 -3-one,△^(1.4)-3-one,△^(4.6)-3-one,△^(1.4.6)-3-one containing compounds.展开更多
As a specific gene of fish,cytochrome P450c17-Ⅱ(CYP17-Ⅱ) gene plays a key role in the growth,development and reproduction level of fish.In this study,the single-stranded conformational polymorphism(SSCP) technique w...As a specific gene of fish,cytochrome P450c17-Ⅱ(CYP17-Ⅱ) gene plays a key role in the growth,development and reproduction level of fish.In this study,the single-stranded conformational polymorphism(SSCP) technique was used to characterize polymorphisms within the coding region of CYP17-Ⅱ gene in a population of 75 male Japanese flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus).Three single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) were identified in CYP17-Ⅱ gene of Japanese flounder.They were c.G594A(p.G188R),c.G939A and c.G1502A(p.G490D).SNP1(c.G594A),located in exon 4 of CYP17-Ⅱ gene,was significantly associated with gonadosomatic index(GSI).Individuals with genotype GG of SNP1 had significantly lower GSI(P < 0.05) than those with geno-type AA or AG.SNP2(c.G939A) located at the CpG island of CYP17-Ⅱ gene.The mutation changed the methylation of exon 6.Indi-viduals with genotype AA of SNP2 had significantly lower serum testosterone(T) level and hepatosomatic index(HSI) compared to those with genotype GG.The results suggested that SNP2 could influence the reproductive endocrine of male Japanese flounder.How-ever,the SNP3(c.G1502A) located in exon 9 did not affect the four measured reproductive traits.This study showed that CYP17-Ⅱ gene could be a potentially useful candidate gene for the research of genetic breeding and physiological aspects of Japanese flounder.展开更多
A 16-year-old "female" patient presented as hypertension,hypokalemia,male pseudohermaphroditism,lowered gonadal steroids and cortisol,elevated adre nocorticotropic hormone and pituitary gonadotropin,and 46 X...A 16-year-old "female" patient presented as hypertension,hypokalemia,male pseudohermaphroditism,lowered gonadal steroids and cortisol,elevated adre nocorticotropic hormone and pituitary gonadotropin,and 46 XY karyotype.The pat ient was diagnosed as 17α-hydroxylase deficiency,a rare case of congenital ad r enal hyperplasia."She" chose to remain female appearance and social gender af te r negotiation with the parents.Cryptor-chidism of both inguinal canals was surgi cally removed for preventing canceration.After the surgery,a very small daily dose of dexamethasone(0.187 5 mg at bedtime)was enough to control hypertension and hypokalemia,and the therapy of conjugated estrogens(Premarin)was given t o promote the development of female characters.After 6 months of treatment,nor motension and normokalemia remained,and pubarche and mammogenesis emerged.展开更多
Due to sexual dimorphism in the growth of certain cultured fish species,the production of monosex fishes is desirable for the aquaculture industry.Nowadays,the most widely practiced technique available for the mass pr...Due to sexual dimorphism in the growth of certain cultured fish species,the production of monosex fishes is desirable for the aquaculture industry.Nowadays,the most widely practiced technique available for the mass production of monosex fish populations is sex steroid-induced sex reversal.Here,a novel strategy for the successful production of all-female(AF)common carp(Cyprinus carpio L.),to take advantage of the sexual dimorphism in growth documented in this species,has been developed using genetic engineering via single gene-targeting manipulation without any exogenous hormone treatments.Male and female heterozygous cyp17a1-deficient common carp were first obtained using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated endonuclease 9(CRISPR/Cas9)technique.An all-male phenotype for homozygous cyp17a1-deficient carp,regardless of the individuals’sexdetermination genotypes(XY or XX),has been observed.A male-specific DNA marker newly identified in our laboratory was used to screen the neomale carp population with the XX genotype from the cyp17a1-deficient carp.These neomale carp develop a normal testis structure with normal spermatogenesis and sperm capacity.The neomale common carp were then mated with wild-type(WT)females(cyp17a1^(+/+)XX genotype)using artificial fertilization.All the AF offspring sample fish from the neomale-WT female mating were confirmed as having the cyp17a^(1+/-)XX genotype,and normal development of gonads to ovaries was observed in 100.00%of this group at eight months post-fertilization(mpf).A total of 1000 carp fingerlings,500 from the WT male and female and 500 from the neomale and WT female mating,were mixed and reared in the same pond.The average body weight of cyp17a1^(+/-)XX females was higher by 6.60%(8 mpf)and 32.66%(12 mpf)than that of the control common carp.Our study demonstrates the first successful production of a monosex teleost population with the advantages of sexual dimorphism in growth using genetic manipulation targeting a single locus.展开更多
Two new C21 steroids were isolated from the CHCl3 extract of the stem of Marsdenia tenacissima. On the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods, their structures were elucidated as 17β-tenacigenin B (2)...Two new C21 steroids were isolated from the CHCl3 extract of the stem of Marsdenia tenacissima. On the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods, their structures were elucidated as 17β-tenacigenin B (2) and 3-O-6-deoxy-3-O-methyl-β-D-allopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D- oleandropyranosyl-tenacigenin C (3). The structure of the known aglycon tenacigenin C was revised as 5α, 9α, 17β-pregnane-3β, 8β, 11α, 12β, 14β-pentanol-20-one. Compound 3 is the first reported glycoside of tenacigenin C.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51179001 and 40772146)the Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation,China(No.122041)
文摘Sodium silicate（NazSiO3） was used to improve the elution of super heavy oil from weathered soil on an ultrasound-enhanced elution system by the solution containing 0-6000 mg/L surfactant Triton X-100. The removal extent of three markers[C26-34 17a 25-norhopanes, C26-28triaromatic steroids（TAS）, and C27-29methyl triaromatic steroids（MTAS）] was monitored. The average elution percentages of C26-34 norhopanes, C26-28 TAS, and C27-29 MTAS by Triton X-100/Na2SiO3 solutions were increased by 11%-13%, 9%-11% and 8%-13% with increasing Triton X-100 concentrations from 150 mg/L to 6000 mg/L. All the concentrations of Triton X-100 improved the elu- tion of TAS homologs containing fewer carbon atoms, whereas high concentrations improved the elution of larger 17a 25-norhopane and MTAS species. Addition of Na2SiO3 produced a noticeable increase in elution, particularly for lower-weight species. Scanning electron microscope（SEM） images and energy spectroscopy data reveal that surfac- rant solution of 6000 mg/L Triton X-100 and 4000 mg/L Na2SiO3 produced the greatest improvement in the elution of super heavy oil aggregates encapsulating the soil surface and the emulsification of particle dispersions. That is to say mixed solutions of Triton X-100 and Na2SiO3 in combination with ultrasound are a potential means of removing super heavy oil from weathered soils.
文摘11β-Hydroxy-androst-4-en-3,17-dione(1a),androst-4,9(11)-dien-3,17- dione-(2a),androst-4-en-3,11,17-trione(3a),11α-methoxy-androst-4-en-3,17-dione (4a)and 11β-metboxy-androst-4-en-3,17-dione(Sa)were selectively reduced to the corresponding 17β-OH derivatives in one step without the protection of 3- oxo(and 11-oxo,in the case of 3a)group with the yields ranging from 65% to 79%.In these reactions,the ditute NaBH_4(or KBH_4)solution in methanol was added dropwise to the 3,17-dioxo-steroids solution in methanol-benzene-pyridine, while the reaction mixtures were well stirred at -5～5℃.Acid(such as gtacial acetic acid)was added to quench the reactions.The resulted testosterone derivatives(1b～5b)were purified by flash chromatography. This method appties to the reduction of other 3,17-dioxo-steroids such as△~1 -3-one,△^(1.4)-3-one,△^(4.6)-3-one,△^(1.4.6)-3-one containing compounds.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foun-dation of Shandong Province,China(No.ZR2009DQ011)the New Teacher Special Fund of Doctor of the Ministry of Education of China(No.20090132120006)the Postdoctoral Innovative Projects of Shandong Province,China(No.200702039)
文摘As a specific gene of fish,cytochrome P450c17-Ⅱ(CYP17-Ⅱ) gene plays a key role in the growth,development and reproduction level of fish.In this study,the single-stranded conformational polymorphism(SSCP) technique was used to characterize polymorphisms within the coding region of CYP17-Ⅱ gene in a population of 75 male Japanese flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus).Three single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) were identified in CYP17-Ⅱ gene of Japanese flounder.They were c.G594A(p.G188R),c.G939A and c.G1502A(p.G490D).SNP1(c.G594A),located in exon 4 of CYP17-Ⅱ gene,was significantly associated with gonadosomatic index(GSI).Individuals with genotype GG of SNP1 had significantly lower GSI(P < 0.05) than those with geno-type AA or AG.SNP2(c.G939A) located at the CpG island of CYP17-Ⅱ gene.The mutation changed the methylation of exon 6.Indi-viduals with genotype AA of SNP2 had significantly lower serum testosterone(T) level and hepatosomatic index(HSI) compared to those with genotype GG.The results suggested that SNP2 could influence the reproductive endocrine of male Japanese flounder.How-ever,the SNP3(c.G1502A) located in exon 9 did not affect the four measured reproductive traits.This study showed that CYP17-Ⅱ gene could be a potentially useful candidate gene for the research of genetic breeding and physiological aspects of Japanese flounder.
文摘A 16-year-old "female" patient presented as hypertension,hypokalemia,male pseudohermaphroditism,lowered gonadal steroids and cortisol,elevated adre nocorticotropic hormone and pituitary gonadotropin,and 46 XY karyotype.The pat ient was diagnosed as 17α-hydroxylase deficiency,a rare case of congenital ad r enal hyperplasia."She" chose to remain female appearance and social gender af te r negotiation with the parents.Cryptor-chidism of both inguinal canals was surgi cally removed for preventing canceration.After the surgery,a very small daily dose of dexamethasone(0.187 5 mg at bedtime)was enough to control hypertension and hypokalemia,and the therapy of conjugated estrogens(Premarin)was given t o promote the development of female characters.After 6 months of treatment,nor motension and normokalemia remained,and pubarche and mammogenesis emerged.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program,China(2018YFD0900205)to Zhan Yinthe National Natural Science Foundation,China(31972779 and 31530077)to Gang Zhai and Zhan Yin+2 种基金the Pilot Program A Project from the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA24010206)to Zhan Yinthe Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(20200336)to Gang Zhaithe State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology(2016FBZ05)to Zhan Yin.
文摘Due to sexual dimorphism in the growth of certain cultured fish species,the production of monosex fishes is desirable for the aquaculture industry.Nowadays,the most widely practiced technique available for the mass production of monosex fish populations is sex steroid-induced sex reversal.Here,a novel strategy for the successful production of all-female(AF)common carp(Cyprinus carpio L.),to take advantage of the sexual dimorphism in growth documented in this species,has been developed using genetic engineering via single gene-targeting manipulation without any exogenous hormone treatments.Male and female heterozygous cyp17a1-deficient common carp were first obtained using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated endonuclease 9(CRISPR/Cas9)technique.An all-male phenotype for homozygous cyp17a1-deficient carp,regardless of the individuals’sexdetermination genotypes(XY or XX),has been observed.A male-specific DNA marker newly identified in our laboratory was used to screen the neomale carp population with the XX genotype from the cyp17a1-deficient carp.These neomale carp develop a normal testis structure with normal spermatogenesis and sperm capacity.The neomale common carp were then mated with wild-type(WT)females(cyp17a1^(+/+)XX genotype)using artificial fertilization.All the AF offspring sample fish from the neomale-WT female mating were confirmed as having the cyp17a^(1+/-)XX genotype,and normal development of gonads to ovaries was observed in 100.00%of this group at eight months post-fertilization(mpf).A total of 1000 carp fingerlings,500 from the WT male and female and 500 from the neomale and WT female mating,were mixed and reared in the same pond.The average body weight of cyp17a1^(+/-)XX females was higher by 6.60%(8 mpf)and 32.66%(12 mpf)than that of the control common carp.Our study demonstrates the first successful production of a monosex teleost population with the advantages of sexual dimorphism in growth using genetic manipulation targeting a single locus.
文摘Two new C21 steroids were isolated from the CHCl3 extract of the stem of Marsdenia tenacissima. On the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods, their structures were elucidated as 17β-tenacigenin B (2) and 3-O-6-deoxy-3-O-methyl-β-D-allopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D- oleandropyranosyl-tenacigenin C (3). The structure of the known aglycon tenacigenin C was revised as 5α, 9α, 17β-pregnane-3β, 8β, 11α, 12β, 14β-pentanol-20-one. Compound 3 is the first reported glycoside of tenacigenin C.
