CEOs’Diverse Career Experiences and the Effectiveness of Compensation Contracts:Evidence from Compensation Stickiness

CEO compensation stickiness represents an important indicator to measure the effectiveness of compensation contracts.This study uses CEO career experience data and compensation stickiness data from Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2015 to 2020 to investigate the compensation contracts’effectiveness of CEOs with diverse career experiences.The findings are as follows:1)Compensation stickiness is more pronounced for CEOs with diverse career experiences.According to the mechanism test,these CEOs with diverse career experiences can obtain compensation incentives by reducing corporate uncertainty perception and improving total factor productivity.This approach leads to increased compensation stickiness and the effectiveness of compensation contracts.CEOs with diverse career experiences may receive excess compensation by raising agency costs,which intensifies compensation stickiness and weakens the effectiveness of compensation contracts.2)Compensation stickiness of CEOs with diverse career experiences is more significant in companies with lower investor protection,which brings about less effective compensation contracts.In contrast,in companies with higher diversification,the compensation stickiness of CEOs with diverse career experiences is more significant,which delivers more effective compensation contracts.The conclusions deepen the research of CEO compensation contracts and provide a helpful reference for CEO compensation management practices.

Digital technology,the industrial internet,and cost stickiness

The deep integration of digital technology with the real economy has reconstructed production systems.We explore the impact of digital technology on the resource allocation behavior and efficiency of manufacturing enterprises.Using a sample of Chinese A-share listed manufacturing firms over the 2010–2021 period,we find that digital technology alleviates cost stickiness,especially in enterprises with a high level of Industrial Internet platform usage.This effect occurs by optimizing the labor force structure and improving the economic benefits of labor capital investment.Heterogeneity analysis shows that this effect is pronounced in enterprises with high levels of labor intensity and business complexity.Our findings shed new light on the consequences and mechanism of enterprise cost optimization that is driven by technologydriven reforms.

Is there more than one stickiness criterion?

Adhesion between an elastic body and a smooth,rigid substrate can lead to large tensile stresses between them.However,most macroscopic objects are microscopically rough,which strongly suppresses adhesion.A fierce debate has unfolded recently as to whether local or global parameters determine the crossover between small and large adhesion.Here,we report simulations revealing that the dependence of the pull-off force Fn on the surface energyγdoes not only have two regimes of high and low adhesion but up to four regimes.They are related to contacts,which at the moment of rupture consist of(i)the last individual Hertzian-shaped contact,in which is linear inγ,(ii)a last meso-scale,individual patches with super-linear scaling,(iii)many isolated contact patches with extremely strong scaling,and(iv)a dominating largest contact patch,for which the pull-off stress is no longer negligible compared to the maximum,microscopic pull-off stress.Regime(iii)can be seen as a transition domain.It is located near the point where the surface energy is half the elastic energy per unit area in conformal contact.A criterion for the transition between regimes(i)and(ii)appears difficult to grasp.

Earnings management, corporate governance and expense stickiness

Cost and expense stickiness is an important issue in accounting and economics research, and the literature has shown that cost stickiness cannot be separated from managers' motivations. In this paper, we examine the effects that earnings management has on expense stickiness. Defining small positive profits or small earnings increases as earnings management, we observe significant expense stickiness in the non-earnings-management sub-sample, compared with the earnings-management sub-sample. When we divide expenses into R&D,advertising and other general expenses, we find that managers control expenses mainly by decreasing general expenses. We further examine corporate governance's effect on expense stickiness. Using factor analysis, we extract eight main factors and find that good corporate governance reduces expense stickiness. Finally, we investigate the interaction effects of earnings management and corporate governance on expense stickiness. The empirical results show that good corporate governance can further reduce cost stickiness,although its effect is not as strong as that of earnings management.

The effect of shared auditors in the supply chain on cost stickiness

Do supply chain audits have real effects?We focus on the effect of shared auditors in the supply chain on corporate cost stickiness.When a supplier shares auditors with its customers,the shared auditors provide informational advantages for suppliers’managers,thus revising their optimistic or pessimistic expectations and influencing suppliers’cost stickiness.Using a sample of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2017,we explore the relationship between shared auditors and suppliers’cost stickiness conditional on management expectations.The results show that shared auditors in the supply chain reduce suppliers’cost stickiness significantly when suppliers’managers hold optimistic expectations,and increase suppliers’cost stickiness in cases of pessimistic expectations.Furthermore,the greater the number of shared auditors,the stronger the effect.Such effects are more pronounced when supplier firms share auditors with important customers,have higher demand uncertainty,and use big 10 auditors.

Factors Affecting Online Learning Stickiness from the Perspective of Comprehensive Learning Theory

Based on the concept of learning stickiness,this study constructed a model of influencing factors among the elements of online learning content,interaction,incentive,satisfaction,and learning stickiness from Comprehensive Learning Theory.Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the interaction and influence effects among the factors.It is found that the content,interaction,and incentive in Comprehensive Learning Theory had a significant positive impact on learning stickiness from the total effect analysis.From the direct effect analysis,the influence of content and interaction on learning stickiness was not substantial,but the influence of incentive and satisfaction on learning stickiness was significant.From the perspective of mediation effect analysis,incentive and satisfaction were critical mediating variables for the influence of content and interaction on learning stickiness.This study put forward suggestions and strategies for online teaching,providing a reference for teachers to carry out online education.

On the Image Reconstruction of Zhuge Liang in ACGN Games Based on the Perspective of the Tipping Point Theory

Zhuge Liang,a well-known figure with rich cultural implications in Chinese history,has exerted profound influences on the spiritual life of the Chinese nation.In the ACGN context,new cultural implications have been attached to him,which offset some of the classic implications of the character forged over a long history.Meanwhile,the inherent traditional cultural spirit embodied by him is being reconstructed.In terms of content design,the ACGN games based on traditional realism tend to refresh people’s collective memories of Zhuge Liang to enhance the stickiness factor of the games,thus creating a sense of familiarity to make the transmitted information easier for the game players to accept.The modern fashionable games,however,are good at leveraging the advantages of technologies to form a tipping point and incorporating fashion elements into the traditional image of Zhuge Liang to attract players,thus enhancing the communication effect.In terms of environmental construction,the ACGN games have created a new industrial environment featuring“ACGN+traditional culture,”which changes the traditional image of Zhuge Liang by means of ACGN game technology while retaining its basic cultural characteristics to provide players with a better immersive and interactive experience.

Infrared Heating Technology for Automated Fiber Placement

Prepreg stickiness is the adhesion between prepregs or between a prepreg and a mold in lay-up process.It is critical for automated fiber placement,because the stickiness should be small for smooth transport,as well as large enough on the laying surface for a good placement performance.To ensure prepreg stickiness always being in the optimum laying window,placement temperature should be changed according to the laying speed.In our work,the relationship between laying speed and emissive power of heating lamp was studied.The heat transfer process between heating lamp and laying surface was analyzed and the control equation of dynamic temperature was derived.Finally,the infrared heating system was built and its effectiveness was verified based on placement experiment.

Linux中文件三种特殊权限的探讨

Linux系统中的文件权限除了读、写、执行之外,还有三种特殊权限,即Suid、Sgid和Sticky。本文对这三种特殊权限的意义和用法进行探讨,并举例说明这些权限在实际工作中的应用。

Linux中文件三种特殊权限的探讨

Linux系统中的文件权限除了读、写、执行之外，还有三种特殊权限，即Suid、Sgid和Sticky。本文对这三种特殊权限的意义和用法进行探讨，并举例说明这些权限在实际工作中的应用。

Evolution,current status and advances in application of platelet concentrate in periodontics and implantology

Platelet concentrates(PC) [platelet-rich plasma(PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin(PRF)] are frequently used for surgical procedures in medical and dental fields,particularly in oral and maxillofacial surgery,plastic surgery and sports medicine.The objective of all these technologies is to extract all the elements from a blood sample that could be used to improve healing and promote tissue regeneration.Although leukocyte rich and leukocyte poor PRP's have their own place in literature,the importance of non-platelet components in a platelet concentrate remains a mystery.PC have come a long way since its first appearance in 1954 to the T-PRF,A-PRF and i-PRF introduced recently.These PC find varied applications successfully in periodontics and implant dentistry as well.However,the technique of preparation,standing time,transfer process,temperature of centrifuge,vibration,etc.,are the various factors for the mixed results reported in the literature.Until the introduction of a proper classification of terminologies,the PC were known by different names in different countries and by different commercial companies which also created a lot of confusion.This review intends to clarify all these confusion by briefing the exact evolution of PC,their preparation techniques,recent advances and their various clinical and technical aspects and applications.

Preference of Adult Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang to Different Colors and Trapping Effect of Yellow Sticky Trap

The trapping effects of yellow, blue, green, cyan and white sticky traps on adult Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang were studied in the field during its peak occurrence period. The results showed that yellow sticky trap received the best trapping effect on adult B. odoriphaga, follow by blue and green sticky traps, while cyan and white sticky traps received worse effects. The yellow sticky trap settled at south position was most attractive to adult B. odoriphaga, which had significant differences with tho^e placed at east and north positions （P 〈 0.05 ） ; the yellow sticky trap at hanging height of 0 cm showed significantly higher attractive- ness than those at heights of 20 and 40 cm.

Amylopectin from Glutinous Rice as a Sustainable Binder for High-Performance Silicon Anodes

Silicon(Si)has been investigated as a promising anode material because of its high theoretical capacity(4200 m Ah g^(-1)).However,silicon anode suffers from huge volume changes during repeated charge–discharge cycles.In this work,inspired by a remarkable success of the glutinous rice mortar in the Great Wall with ca.2000-year history,amylopectin(AP),the key ingredient responsible for the strong bonding force,is extracted from glutinous rice and utilized as a flexible,aqueous,and resilient binder to address the most challenging drastic volume-expansion and pulverization issues of silicon anode.Additionally,the removal of toxic N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP)organic solvent makes the electrode fabrication process environmentally friendly and healthy.The as-prepared Si-AP electrode with 60 wt%of Si can uphold a high discharge capacity of 1517.9 m Ah g^(-1)at a rate of 0.1 C after 100 cycles.The cycling stability of the Si-AP has been remarkably improved in comparison with both traditional polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)and aqueous carboxymethylcellulose(CMC)binders.Moreover,when the content of silicon in the Si-AP electrode increases to 70 wt%,a high discharge capacity of 1463.1 m Ah g^(-1)can still be obtained after 50 cycles at 0.1°C.These preliminary results suggest that the sustainably available and environmentally benign amylopectin binders could be a promising choice for the construction of highly stable silicon anodes.

New technique for removal of perfluorocarbon liquid related sticky silicone oil and literature review

AIM:To investigate the safety and efficacy of sticky silicone oil(SSO)removal using a 22-gauge vein detained needle and inner limiting membrane(ILM)wrap-and-peel technique.METHODS:This retrospective consecutive case series reviewed the records of patients with a history of retinal detachment who had received silicone oil and perfluorocarbon liquid(PFCL)as intraocular tamponades.Patients were included in the analysis if they exhibited SSO remnants during silicone oil removal.The aspiration of most of the SSO remnants was performed by a 22-gauge vein detained needle.The small amounts of droplets adhered to the macula and epi-macular membrane were subsequently removed by the ILM warp-and-peel technique.The anatomical and functional outcomes,and postoperative complications were recorded.In vitro experiments were performed to simulate the formation of SSO remnants in four groups.RESULTS:Of 711 patients who underwent silicone oil removal during the study period,9 patients exhibited SSO remnants and underwent follow-up for at least 3mo.Seven eyes(78%)underwent the ILM wrap-and-peel technique to completely remove small droplets of SSO that were glued to the macula and epi-macular membrane.No obvious complications occurred.Postoperative optical coherence tomography revealed normal retinal structure in all patients.In vitro analyses showed that balanced salt solution and prolonged vibration(for 1wk)had the strongest effects on silicone oil and PFCL compound opacities.CONCLUSION:SSO remnants could be removed in an intact manner and without complications,using a vein detained needle-assisted and ILM wrap-and-peel technique.The findings suggest that PFCL and infusion fluid should be completely removed before silicone oil injection to prevent SSO formation.

Attraction of <i>Idioscopus clypealis</i>(Leith) (Cicadellidae: Homoptera) to Sticky Colored Traps in Mango Orchard

The present study was conducted at the Faiz Chaman mango orchard, Multan to find out the attraction of mango hopper Idioscopus clypealis to sticky traps of different colors. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block designed with three replications. The sticky traps were hung vertically with the branch/twig under the canopy of mango trees. Data were recorded under binocular stereoscope. Results indicated significant differences in the number of I. clypealis (adults) captured in the different colored sticky traps. Yellow color was found most attractive with a capture of highest number of adults of I. clypealis (11.53 adults/trap). While pink and purple colors were found less attractive. The peak population of mango hoppers was recorded at the 31.96&degC during 25-April to 9-May. Yellow sticky traps were found most effective in trapping a considerably higher number of hoppers throughout the study period. Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between temperature and the mean number of I. clypealis adults. Population peaks of I. clypealis were recorded at temperatures >30&degC, while at lower temperatures relatively low numbers of adults were recorded.

一种并行的Sticky位计算方法

本文提出了通过基于预处理和逻辑转换的并行Sticky位的计算方法。该方法已经成功地应用到64位高性能CPU的浮点部件设计中,能有效提高浮点部件的延时性能。

MICROSTRUCTURE OF AGGREGATES IN DISPERSIONS DESCRIBED IN TERMS OF RADIAL DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION

Following a sticky particle model and its computer simulation scheme proposed in the previous papers, the motions of particles in both 2-and 3-dimensional shear flow fields are simulated. At a steady state of clustering process, the radial distribution functions are calculated to precisely describe the microstructure of aggregates in dispersions, and the configuration of particles is displayed,which gives a direct view of microstructure. It is found that (1) the kind of the microstructure transforms from compact clusters to a loose network as the concentration of particles increases; (2) the microstructure is independent of shear rate which only dominates the size of clusters formed at steady state.

Viscosity and Normal Stress Difference of Aggregating Colloid

Following a sticky particle model and Its computer simulation scheme proposed In the previous papers, the viscosity and normal stress difference are cakulated when the aggregating colloid is being sheared. The plotting of the viscosity vs shear strain shows a sigmoidal shape, which Is also observed in experimental results. The normal stress difference is plotted vs shear strain, which has not been reported in the literatures till now.

Study on Production Process of Roselle Rice Wine

[Objectives]This study was conducted to more systematically explore the traditional brewing process of roselle rice wine. [Methods] With local high-quality white glutinous rice and sun-dried roselle as raw materials for brewing rice wine, on the premise of extensive research on traditional rice wine technology in China, the addition amount of roselle extract, the addition amount of distiller’s yeast, the variation range of after-fermentation temperature and the starting time of after-fermentation were investigated. [Results] The best traditional processing and brewing parameters were the ratio of glutinous rice and roselle extract(mass to volume ratio) at about 1∶1.55, the addition amount of distiller’s yeast of 0.55%, and the fermentation temperature at 30 ℃, and the starting time at 72 h. The sensory quality of the high-quality roselle rice wine that was produced under the best brewing conditions was about(87.7±2.45) points. [Conclusions] A number of hygiene inspection technical indexes in the product all met the current relevant national safety standards in China, providing another technical research direction for the development of a variety of new green healthy beverage projects.

I like it but I don’t have time to tell patients’ families: Exploring barriers and facilitators of pain and dementia knowledge flow between healthcare providers and family caregivers

Pain in persons with dementia is prevalent, largely undetected, and undertreated within the care setting. Family members require resources to help them assume a more significant role in pain assessment and management. This report outlines a psycho-educational online resource developed to address these needs. The report explores the apparent disconnect between the positive evaluation healthcare providers gave the resource and their infrequent rate of referring family caregivers to the resource. We apply a Sticky Knowledge framework to examine these complex and incongruent findings and conclude that health literacy and knowledge translation strategies need to focus directly on family care- givers as opposed to adhering to a more traditional biomedical model in which healthcare professionals assumed the primary responsibility for gatekeeping and knowledge dissemination.