Background： The immense growth in global bioethanol production has greatly increased the supply of by-products such as whole stillage and condensed distiller＇s solubles, which could be potentially used for animal fe...Background： The immense growth in global bioethanol production has greatly increased the supply of by-products such as whole stillage and condensed distiller＇s solubles, which could be potentially used for animal feeding. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of liquid feeding high levels of corn condensed distiller＇s solubles（CCDS） and whole stillage（CWS） on growth performance, carcass characteristics, belly firmness and meat sensory traits of pigs.Methods： A total of 256 pigs were blocked by sex and initial BW（13.5 ± 2.5 kg）, and pens of pigs（8 pigs/pen） were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 dietary treatments（8 pens/treatment）： 1） corn-soybean meal based diet as control, 2） 25%CWS ＋ 5% CCDS, 3） 19.5% CWS ＋ 10.5% CCDS, and 4） 19.5, 26, and 32.5% CWS ＋ 10.5, 14, and 17.5% CCDS in phases 1（28 d）, 2（38 d）, and 3（60 d）, respectively. Inclusion levels of CCDS and CWS for Treatments 1, 2, and 3 were fixed during all the three phases of the experiment. Inclusion levels of CWS and CCDS were on 88% dry matter basis. The liquid feeding system delivered feed from the mixing tank to feed troughs by high-pressure air, had sensors inside feed troughs, and recorded daily feed intake on the basis of a reference feed intake curve. The pigs were fed 5 to 10 times per day with increasing frequency during the experiment.Results： Control pigs had greater（P 0.10） dressing percentage, loin muscle depth, and lean percentage were observed among the four treatments. Inclusion of CWS and CCDS reduced（P 0.10） the overall like,flavor, tenderness and juiciness of loin chops when compared with the control group.Conclusion： In conclusion, our results indicate that including 30–50% of a mixture of whole stillage and condensed distiller＇s solubles in the growing-finishing diets may reduce growth performance, carcass weight and belly firmness, but does not affect pork sensory traits.展开更多
Sweet potato shochu is a traditional Japanese spirit produced mainly in the South Kyushu area in Japan. The amount of stillage reaches approximately 8 x 105 tons per year. Wastewater mainly containing stillage from th...Sweet potato shochu is a traditional Japanese spirit produced mainly in the South Kyushu area in Japan. The amount of stillage reaches approximately 8 x 105 tons per year. Wastewater mainly containing stillage from the production of sweet potato-shochu was treated thermophilically in a fullscale treatment plant using fixed-bed reactors （8 reactors ×283 m3）. Following the addition of Ni2＋ and Co2＋, the reactors have been stably operated for six years at a high chemical oxygen demand （COD） loading rate of 14 kg/（m3.day）. Analysis of coenzyme content and microbial communities indicated that similar microbial communities were present in the liquid phase and on the fiber carders installed in reactors. Bacteria in the phyla Firmieutes as well as Bacteroidetes were dominant bacteria, and Methanosarcina thermophila as well as Methanothermobacter crinale were dominant methanogens in the reactors. This study reveals that stillage from sweet potato-shochu production can be treated effectively in a full-scale fixed-bed reactor under thermophilic conditions with the help of Ni2~ and Co2＋. The high diversity of bacterial community and the coexistence of both aceticlastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogens contributed to the excellent fermentation performance.展开更多
基金Financial support from Minnesota Pork Board,Agricultural Utilization and Research InstituteMinnesota Corn Growers Association is greatly appreciated
文摘Background： The immense growth in global bioethanol production has greatly increased the supply of by-products such as whole stillage and condensed distiller＇s solubles, which could be potentially used for animal feeding. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of liquid feeding high levels of corn condensed distiller＇s solubles（CCDS） and whole stillage（CWS） on growth performance, carcass characteristics, belly firmness and meat sensory traits of pigs.Methods： A total of 256 pigs were blocked by sex and initial BW（13.5 ± 2.5 kg）, and pens of pigs（8 pigs/pen） were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 dietary treatments（8 pens/treatment）： 1） corn-soybean meal based diet as control, 2） 25%CWS ＋ 5% CCDS, 3） 19.5% CWS ＋ 10.5% CCDS, and 4） 19.5, 26, and 32.5% CWS ＋ 10.5, 14, and 17.5% CCDS in phases 1（28 d）, 2（38 d）, and 3（60 d）, respectively. Inclusion levels of CCDS and CWS for Treatments 1, 2, and 3 were fixed during all the three phases of the experiment. Inclusion levels of CWS and CCDS were on 88% dry matter basis. The liquid feeding system delivered feed from the mixing tank to feed troughs by high-pressure air, had sensors inside feed troughs, and recorded daily feed intake on the basis of a reference feed intake curve. The pigs were fed 5 to 10 times per day with increasing frequency during the experiment.Results： Control pigs had greater（P 0.10） dressing percentage, loin muscle depth, and lean percentage were observed among the four treatments. Inclusion of CWS and CCDS reduced（P 0.10） the overall like,flavor, tenderness and juiciness of loin chops when compared with the control group.Conclusion： In conclusion, our results indicate that including 30–50% of a mixture of whole stillage and condensed distiller＇s solubles in the growing-finishing diets may reduce growth performance, carcass weight and belly firmness, but does not affect pork sensory traits.
文摘Sweet potato shochu is a traditional Japanese spirit produced mainly in the South Kyushu area in Japan. The amount of stillage reaches approximately 8 x 105 tons per year. Wastewater mainly containing stillage from the production of sweet potato-shochu was treated thermophilically in a fullscale treatment plant using fixed-bed reactors （8 reactors ×283 m3）. Following the addition of Ni2＋ and Co2＋, the reactors have been stably operated for six years at a high chemical oxygen demand （COD） loading rate of 14 kg/（m3.day）. Analysis of coenzyme content and microbial communities indicated that similar microbial communities were present in the liquid phase and on the fiber carders installed in reactors. Bacteria in the phyla Firmieutes as well as Bacteroidetes were dominant bacteria, and Methanosarcina thermophila as well as Methanothermobacter crinale were dominant methanogens in the reactors. This study reveals that stillage from sweet potato-shochu production can be treated effectively in a full-scale fixed-bed reactor under thermophilic conditions with the help of Ni2~ and Co2＋. The high diversity of bacterial community and the coexistence of both aceticlastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogens contributed to the excellent fermentation performance.
