Carbon emission trading system and stock price crash risk of heavily polluting listed companies in China:based on analyst coverage mechanism

This study reveals the inconsistencies between the negative externalities of carbon emissions and the recognition condition of accounting statements.Hence,the study identifies that heavily polluting enterprises in China have severe off-balance sheet carbon reduction risks before implementing the carbon emission trading system(CETS).Through the staggered difference-in-difference(DID)model and the propen-sity score matching-DID model,the impact of CETS on reducing the risk of stock price crashes is examined using data from China’s A-share heavily polluting listed companies from 2007 to 2019.The results of this study are as follows:(1)CETS can significantly reduce the risk of stock price crashes for heavily polluting companies in the pilot areas.Specifically,CETS reduces the skewness(negative conditional skewness)and down-to-up volatility of the firm-specific weekly returns by 8.7%and 7.6%,respectively.(2)Heterogeneity analysis further shows that the impacts of CETS on the risk of stock price crashes are more significant for heavily polluting enterprises with the bear market condition,short-sighted management,and intensive air pollution.(3)Mechanism tests show that CETS can reduce analysts’coverage of heavy polluters,reducing the risk of stock price crashes.This study reveals the role of CETS from the stock price crash risk perspective and helps to clarify the relationship between climatic risk and corporate financial risk.

Investor Attention,Analyst Optimism,and Stock Price Crash Risk

This paper used the A-shares listed companies in China as samples,constructed a comprehensive indicator of investor attention,and conducted an empirical analysis on the correlations among investor attention,analyst optimism,and stock price crash risk.The results indicated that investor attention aggravates the stock price crash risk and has a positive effect on analyst optimism.Meanwhile,the analyst optimism plays a mediating role in the positive correlation between investor attention and stock price crash risk.In addition to that,institutional investor attention also has direct and indirect effects on the crash risk.

Corporate pledgeable asset ownership and stock price crash risk

We investigate how a firm’s corporate pledgeable asset ownership(CPAO)affects the risk of future stock price crashes.Using pledgeable asset ownership and crash risk data for a large sample of U.S.firms,we provide novel empirical evidence that a firm’s risk of a future stock price crash decreases with an increase in its pledgeable assets.Our main findings are valid after conducting various robustness tests.Further channel tests reveal that firms with pledgeable assets increase their collateral value,thereby enhancing corporate transparency and limiting bad news hoarding,resulting in lower stock price crash risk.Overall,the results show that having more pledgeable assets enables easier access to external financing,making it less likely that managers will hoard bad news.

Research on the influence of equity pledge on stock price crash risk:based on financial shock of 2015 stock market crisis

The 2015 Chinese stock market crisis triggered liquidation because of equity pledge so that the leverage effect of the small probability event with severe results got intensive attention from investors.It is found that the effects of equity pledge on stock price crash risk reversed significantly before and after the 2015 stock market crisis.In the mechanism analysis,we further find that the equity pledge influenced the stock price crash risk by longer suspension and greater price fluctuation.The shareholding ratio of institutional investors and information environment also had a significant moderating effect on the influence of equity pledge on stock price crash risk.Alternative interpretation tests excluded the tunnel effect and pressure effect by shareholders and incentive effect by management.This study by analysing empirical data provides evidence on the change of investors’risk recognition,which is caused by financial shock,in the Chinese capital market.

Large Shareholder Tunneling and Risk of Stock Price Crash： Evidence from China

Although several studies have examined the economic consequences of large shareholders＇ tunneling behavior, little attention has been paid to the negative effects of tunneling on firms＇ extreme events. In this article, we investigate how tunneling behavior affects firm-level stock price crashes. The findings indicate that the probability of stock price crashes is positively associated with the extent of tunneling behavior by large shareholders. The positive relationship is more pronounced after the split of share structure reform and is moderated by the firm＇s financial conditions. This study contributes to the emerging body of literature focusing on the economic consequences of tunneling and stock price crashes. The conclusions drawn from the study also provide a frame of reference for investor protection and investment portfolios based on large shareholders＇ tunneling behavior in China.

Does a national industrial policy promote financial market stability?A study based on stock price crash risk

Whether the implementation of a national industrial policy can maintain stability in the financial market is a question of theoretical and practical significance. Using data from China’s non-financial listed firms from 2007 to 2020,we find that a national industrial policy lowers stock price crash risk. We find that the effect of an industrial policy on lowering stock price crash risk is more pronounced in regions with low levels of regional marketization and if firms have high external uncertainty, low total asset turnover, greater earnings management and receive small increments of long-term loans and fewer government subsidies, suggesting that industrial policies lower stock price crash risk by improving firm fundamentals and reducing external uncertainty,agency costs and information asymmetry.

Institutional environment and risk of a stock price crash:evidence from China

Stock price crashes damage China’s macro-financial stability,restrict economic growth,and can lead to huge losses in wealth for investors.Therefore,how to reduce the risk for stock price crashes is an important theoretical and practical issue.This paper mainly studies the effects of the institutional environment that creates risks for stock price crashes.Using China’s non-financial A-share listed companies from 1997 to 2012 as an example,this paper finds that the lower the level of government intervention is,the better the legal environment is,the faster the market process in business area is,then the lower the risks for stock price crashes will be.To solve the endogenous problem between the institutional environment and the risk of a stock price crash,this paper uses the number of seaports and whether the commercial ports or leased territories are opened after the first Opium War in Qing Dynasty as instrumental variables of the institutional environment.We find that the above conclusion is still valid with the method of 2SLS regression.Furthermore,this paper also finds that the government intervention index,the legal environment index,and the market index are negatively related to stock price synchronicity to a significant degree.These conclusions illustrate that the institutional environment is an important factor in the healthy and stable development of the capital market,which has important implications for policy markers or regulators to develop policies to promote the stable development of the stock market,to control market risk of listed companies,and to make investment decisions.

Religion and stock price crash risk:Evidence from China

This paper investigates whether religious traditions influence firm-specific crash risk in China.Using a sample of A-share listed firms from 2003 to 2013,we provide evidence that the more intense the religious environment,the lower the stock price crash risk,implying that religion plays an important role in Chinese corporate governance.Further,we find that(1) religion affects stock price crash risk by reducing earnings management and the management perk problem;(2) different religions have different effects,and Taoism,in particular,is unrelated to crash risk; and(3) the effects of religion are more pronounced with higher quality corporate governance and a stronger legal environment.Religion constrains the management agency problem,thus reducing stock price crash risk in China.Our paper enriches the literature on stock price crash risk and religion,and on new economic geography.

CEO变更是降低股价崩盘风险的“灵药”吗?——基于财务困境公司的实证研究

结合财务困境的特殊背景,从CEO的角度探讨2007—2020年我国财务困境公司CEO变更对股价崩盘风险的影响。研究发现,财务困境公司的CEO变更与股价崩盘风险之间呈显著负相关关系。将CEO变更分为正常变更和非正常变更后发现,这种负相关关系在非正常变更的情况下更为显著。机制检验显示,CEO变更能够降低财务困境公司的融资约束和代理成本,进而作用于股价崩盘风险。进一步分析发现,CEO变更和非正常变更对股价崩盘风险的降低效应仅在非国有公司、股权制衡度较高以及外部审计质量较低的情况下存在,而正常变更的降低效应却在国有公司更加显著。

CEO股价崩盘经历与企业创新

基于风险规避假说和感觉适应定律,分析了CEO股价崩盘经历与企业创新之间的关系,并讨论了外部环境(融资约束)和内部资源(组织冗余)对两者关系的调节作用。利用2007-2017年A股上市公司数据,得到以下研究结论:CEO股价崩盘经历抑制了企业创新;在外部环境融资约束程度越高的企业中,CEO股价崩盘经历对企业创新的负向作用越强;在组织内部冗余资源越充裕的企业中,CEO股价崩盘经历对企业创新的负向作用越强。且在进行相关稳健性检验后,上述结论仍然成立。研究结论对于上市公司制定科学合理CEO聘任制度、加强公司治理及推动CEO发起并实施企业创新具有重要参考与启示意义。

基于深度学习的投资者情绪挖掘及其对股价崩盘风险的影响

本文基于网络爬虫挖掘东方财富股吧中个股的发帖文本,搭建卷积神经网络和长短时记忆神经网络特征融合模型(LSTM-CNN),对样本股的股吧发帖文本进行情感识别,构建投资者情绪指标并分析了其对股价崩盘风险的影响效应及其机制。实证发现,当期投资者情绪对下一期股价崩盘风险存在显著的正向影响效应,投资者情绪高涨加剧了未来股价崩盘风险;不同市场环境下,情绪对股价崩盘风险影响具有不对称性,熊市状态下投资者情绪对崩盘风险的正向影响效应更为明显。进一步的异质性分析表明,规模较小、股权集中度较低、卖空限制大、公司所在地市场化水平低的样本公司中投资者情绪对股价崩盘风险的影响更为明显。此外,我们发现股票流动性是投资者情绪影响股价崩盘风险的一个重要的中介变量。研究结论有助于从投资者情绪视角来解释股价崩盘风险的形成机理,丰富了对股价崩盘风险影响因素的认识。

共同机构所有权与股票市场稳定:协同治理还是合谋垄断?

随着我国资本市场的快速发展,机构投资者在同一行业持股多家公司(共同机构所有权)的经济现象日益普遍。从股价崩盘风险视角研究共同机构所有权如何影响股票市场稳定,实证研究发现:共同机构所有权显著加剧股价崩盘风险,支持合谋垄断的观点。异质性检验发现:共同机构所有权对股价崩盘风险的影响在产业资本持股更高和信息环境较差的公司样本中更显著。作用机制检验发现:存在共同机构所有权的公司会显著减少年报中负面语调的披露,并且《中华人民共和国反垄断法》的实施能够显著抑制共同机构所有权对股价崩盘风险的影响,从而验证合谋垄断动机下的坏消息隐藏机制。

企业提高ESG表现能够降低股价崩盘风险吗?

本文以2011—2020年沪深A股上市公司为对象,运用企业ESG表现对股价崩盘风险影响的处理效应模型(Treatment effect model)考察ESG表现对股价崩盘风险的影响。研究结果表明,企业提高ESG表现会抑制股价崩盘风险,符合“价值假说”。影响机制检验表明,媒体与分析师关注度正向调节ESG表现对股价崩盘风险的抑制作用,发挥“互补效应”;企业提高ESG表现通过缓解委托代理冲突抑制股价崩盘风险。进一步分析发现,ESG表现对股价崩盘风险的抑制作用仅在非国有企业和所处地区市场化水平较低的企业中成立,且抑制股价崩盘风险是ESG表现提升企业价值的重要路径。上述结论为推动上市公司履行ESG投资责任、完善风险管理机制和实现企业长期价值提供了经验参考。

国有资本参股能抑制民营企业股价崩盘风险吗?

从稳定资本市场的角度分析国有资本参股对民营企业股价崩盘风险的影响。结果表明,国有资本参股民营企业,可以显著提高其会计信息透明度,降低民营股东的风险承担意愿,进而降低其股价崩盘风险。进一步研究发现,国有股东的参股比例和委派“董监高”的比例越高,民营企业的股价崩盘风险越低。这说明民营企业引入国有资本进行“逆向混改”,可以促使资源朝向更有经营效率的企业流动,提升资本市场的资金配置效率。

机构投资者博彩行为的传染——基金竞争网络与彩票型股票资产配置

本文以我国2005—2021年开放式股票型与混合型基金重仓持股数据为研究样本,通过三维空间模型构建基金竞争网络,实证检验了基金竞争网络对基金经理彩票型股票资产配置的影响。研究发现,同业基金在彩票型股票资产配置上呈现出显著的一致性,意味着基金经理倾向于学习与模仿同业基金的彩票型股票资产配置策略。上述结论在考虑了外围基金的持仓变动、市场信息等因素的影响后依旧成立。潜在机制表明,在竞争激烈的环境中,基金经理面临更大的解雇风险,促使其博彩偏好上升,从而趋向于学习与模仿同业基金的彩票型资产配置策略。异质性分析表明,同业基金对彩票型资产配置策略的模仿行为存在“家族效应”与“同城效应”。该模仿行为与基金经理的性别、学历等个人特征相关,且在调仓情景下更显著。拓展性分析发现,同业竞争引致的彩票型资产配置可能进一步引发股价崩盘风险。本文为监管层理解机构投资者的博彩行为、制定合理的市场竞争机制提供了有益参考。

中小投资者法律保护与资本市场稳定——来自投服中心持股行权试点的经验证据

本文基于中证中小投资者服务中心持股行权试点政策的实施,实证检验中小投资者法律保护如何防范公司的股价崩盘风险。研究发现,试点政策实施后试点省份上市公司的股价崩盘风险平均下降15.997%~21.833%,并证实结论是稳健可靠的。异质性分析显示,企业控股股东和中小股东之间的代理冲突越大、企业诉讼风险越高以及所在地区的市场和法治环境越好时,试点政策降低企业股价崩盘风险的作用越明显。进一步的机制检验表明,试点政策通过公司信息披露质量和治理水平两个渠道作用于股价崩盘风险。本研究为完善我国中小投资者法律保护制度,促进资本市场高质量发展,防范系统性金融风险以及维护金融稳定具有一定的实证参考价值。

供应链客户的稳定能够促进金融市场的稳定吗——基于股价崩盘风险视角

利用2010—2020年沪深A股上市公司前五名客户结构动态变化数据,实证检验供应链客户的稳定是否能够抑制企业股价崩盘风险,以考察产品市场上的客户稳定对股票市场乃至整个金融市场体系安全稳定性的影响。研究发现,客户稳定度越高,企业的股价崩盘风险越低;异质性检验结果显示,在外部监督力量弱、客户集中度高、业务复杂度高以及客户地理距离近的企业中,客户稳定度对股价崩盘风险的抑制作用更强;机制分析表明,客户稳定度影响企业股价崩盘风险的两条作用路径分别是降低经营风险和提高信息披露质量。建议有关部门继续确保产业链供应链稳定,企业管理层积极维护与客户之间的稳定业务关系并引入大客户参与公司治理,投资者充分关注上市公司客户结构动态变化情况及其带来的影响。

并购资产评估偏差与股价崩盘风险

防范化解重大风险是实现高质量发展的前提。在并购重组市场化改革进程中,并购估值失实问题日渐受到资本市场各方关注。本文以近年来迅速发展的并购重组市场为背景,考察并购资产评估偏差是否加剧了股价崩盘风险,并从信息不透明视角和代理问题视角分析其作用机制。基于2009—2017年沪深A股上市公司的股权收购资产评估数据,研究表明,并购资产评估偏差与股价崩盘风险显著正相关,而资产评估机构的高声誉能够抑制这一正向关系。机制分析表明,并购资产评估偏差增大了公司和外部投资者之间的信息不对称。异质性检验表明,并购资产评估偏差与股价崩盘风险的正向关系在两权分离度较高时更显著,在股权制衡度较高、公司外部治理较强时则减弱。本文丰富了公司并购与股价崩盘风险的研究,为并购资产评估偏差的经济后果提供了新的实证证据,并且提醒监管方和投资者重视资产评估信息质量,对于防范化解金融风险具有一定启示。

企业社会责任履行与超额商誉抑制

在坚决打好防范化解金融风险攻坚战的大背景下,企业社会责任履行对于推动资本市场平稳运行和企业高质量发展具有重要战略意义。近年来上市公司超额商誉带来的巨大商誉泡沫已成为隐藏在资本市场中的重要金融风险因素,给我国资本市场稳定和企业健康发展带来一定的负面影响。企业履行社会责任作为一种自我规制的治理策略和长期价值追求,通过提高信息透明度和企业声誉,抑制了企业超额商誉,且股东责任履行对超额商誉的抑制作用最为显著。企业社会责任履行对于超额商誉的抑制作用主要体现在非国有控股、管理层过度自信、审计师来自非四大事务所和被并购方处于业绩承诺期的企业中。此外,企业社会责任履行可以通过抑制超额商誉来降低企业股价崩盘风险。当前应着力优化监管和治理水平,推动上市公司积极履行企业社会责任,充分释放企业提升社会责任履行水平的正向经济效应。

“股市黑嘴”与股价崩盘风险——基于中国证券监管行政处罚的实证研究

“股市黑嘴”通过在市场散播诱导性信息,影响投资者行为和股价表现,是典型的信息型市场操纵行为。本文利用中国证监会2008年至2020年披露的148例股市黑嘴操纵案件,实证检验了股市黑嘴操纵对股价崩盘风险的影响,并考察其影响渠道。结果表明股市黑嘴通过在市场上散播虚假信息,提高了市场信息不对称程度,加剧了操纵后的股价崩盘风险。进一步的分析发现,对于股票流动性和信息透明度较好的公司,股市黑嘴操纵对崩盘风险的影响相对较弱。