Clinical efficacy and safety of double-channel anastomosis and tubular gastroesophageal anastomosis in gastrectomy

BACKGROUND With the continuous progress of surgical technology and improvements in medical standards,the treatment of gastric cancer surgery is also evolving.Proximal gastrectomy is a common treatment,but double-channel anastomosis and tubular gastroesophageal anastomosis have attracted much attention in terms of surgical options.Each of these two surgical methods has advantages and disadvantages,so it is particularly important to compare and analyze their clinical efficacy and safety.AIM To compare the surgical safety,clinical efficacy,and safety of double-channel anastomosis and tubular gastroesophageal anastomosis in proximal gastrectomy.METHODS The clinical and follow-up data of 99 patients with proximal gastric cancer who underwent proximal gastrectomy and were admitted to our hospital between January 2018 and September 2023 were included in this retrospective cohort study.According to the different anastomosis methods used,the patients were divided into a double-channel anastomosis group(50 patients)and a tubular gastroesophageal anastomosis group(49 patients).In the double-channel anastomosis,Roux-en-Y anastomosis of the esophagus and jejunum was performed after proximal gastric dissection,and then side-to-side anastomosis was performed between the residual stomach and jejunum to establish an antireflux barrier and reduce postoperative gastroesophageal reflux.In the tubular gastroesophageal anastomosis group,after the proximal end of the stomach was cut,tubular gastroplasty was performed on the distal stump of the stomach and a linear stapler was used to anastomose the posterior wall of the esophagus and the anterior wall of the stomach tube.The main outcome measure was quality of life 1 year after surgery in both groups,and the evaluation criteria were based on the postgastrectomy syndrome assessment scale.The greater the changes in body mass,food intake per meal,meal quality subscale score,and total measures of physical and mental health score,the better the condition;the greater the other indicators,the worse the condition.The secondary outcome measures were intraoperative and postoperative conditions,the incidence of postoperative long-term complications,and changes in nutritional status at 1,3,6,and 12 months after surgery.RESULTS In the double-channel anastomosis cohort,there were 35 males(70%)and 15 females(30%),33(66.0%)were under 65 years of age,and 37(74.0%)had a body mass index ranging from 18 to 25 kg/m2.In the group undergoing tubular gastroesophageal anastomosis,there were eight females(16.3%),21(42.9%)individuals were under the age of 65 years,and 34(69.4%)had a body mass index ranging from 18 to 25 kg/m2.The baseline data did not significantly differ between the two groups(P>0.05 for all),with the exception of age(P=0.021).The duration of hospitalization,number of lymph nodes dissected,intraoperative blood loss,and perioperative complication rate did not differ significantly between the two groups(P>0.05 for all).Patients in the dual-channel anastomosis group scored better on quality of life measures than did those in the tubular gastroesophageal anastomosis group.Specifically,they had lower scores for esophageal reflux[2.8(2.3,4.0)vs 4.8(3.8,5.0),Z=3.489,P<0.001],eating discomfort[2.7(1.7,3.0)vs 3.3(2.7,4.0),Z=3.393,P=0.001],total symptoms[2.3(1.7,2.7)vs 2.5(2.2,2.9),Z=2.243,P=0.025],and other aspects of quality of life.The postoperative symptoms[2.0(1.0,3.0)vs 2.0(2.0,3.0),Z=2.127,P=0.033],meals[2.0(1.0,2.0)vs 2.0(2.0,3.0),Z=3.976,P<0.001],work[1.0(1.0,2.0)vs 2.0(1.0,2.0),Z=2.279,P=0.023],and daily life[1.7(1.3,2.0)vs 2.0(2.0,2.3),Z=3.950,P<0.001]were all better than those of the tubular gastroesophageal anastomosis group.The group that underwent tubular gastroesophageal anastomosis had a superior anal exhaust score[3.0(2.0,4.0)vs 3.5(2.0,5.0),Z=2.345,P=0.019]compared to the dual-channel anastomosis group.Hemoglobin,serum albumin,total serum protein,and the rate at which body mass decreased one year following surgery did not differ significantly between the two groups(P>0.05 for all).CONCLUSION The safety of double-channel anastomosis in proximal gastric cancer surgery is equivalent to that of tubular gastric surgery.Compared with tubular gastric surgery,double-channel anastomosis is a preferred surgical technique for proximal gastric cancer.It offers advantages such as less esophageal reflux and improved quality of life.

Intensify standardized therapy for esophageal and stomach cancer in tumor hospitals

INTRODUCTIONCancer treatment situation in tumor hospitals inChina has its own unique characteristics which arenot found in other parts of the world. Because ofthe huge population and high incidence rates ofesophageal and stomach cancer[1-5], the number ofcancer patients waiting for admission isinconceivably large.

Exophytic inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the stomach in an adult woman:A rare cause of hemoperitoneum

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of the stomach in adults is extremely rare, with unpredictable prognosis. We present a 55-year-old woman with a gastric IMT. She experienced sudden abdominal pain 4 d previously. Physical examination showed mild abdominal tenderness in the hypogastrium, but no palpable abnormal abdominal mass. Abdominal CT showed a mass of approximately 8 cm in the gastrocolic ligament. On laparoscopic exploration, unexpected hemoperitoneum of approximately 1.5 L of blood was found, and an exophytic gastric mass of approximately 10 cm, appeared from the anterior wall of the gastric body along the greater curvature. Laparoscopy further showed that non-clotting blood in the abdominal cavity seemed to be from the gastric tumor. After conversion to open surgery for more precise evaluation of the cause of hemoperitoneum and the large friable tumor, gastric wedge resection, including the tumor, was conducted. The final diagnosis was consistent with IMT that originated from the gastric wall.

Prognostic factors of minimally invasive surgery for gastric cancer: Does robotic gastrectomy bring oncological benefit?

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and surgical resection remains the sole curative treatment for gastric cancer.Minimally invasive gastrectomy including laparoscopic and robotic approaches has been increasingly used in a few decades.Thus far,only a few reports have investigated the oncological outcomes following minimally invasive gastrectomy.AIM To determine the 5-year survival following minimally invasive gastrectomy for gastric cancer and identify prognostic predictors.METHODS This retrospective cohort study identified 939 patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer during the study period.After excluding 125 patients with non-curative surgery(n=77),other synchronous cancer(n=2),remnant gastric cancer(n=25),insufficient physical function(n=13),and open gastrectomy(n=8),a total of 814 consecutive patients with primary gastric cancer who underwent minimally invasive R0 gastrectomy at our institution between 2009 and 2014 were retrospectively examined.Accordingly,5-year overall and recurrence-free survival were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method with the log-rank test and Cox regression analyses,while factors associated with survival were determined using multivariate analysis.RESULTS Our analysis showed that age>65 years,American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)physical status 3,total or proximal gastrectomy,and pathological T4 and N positive status were independent predictors of both 5-year overall and recurrencefree survival.Accordingly,the included patients had a 5-year overall and recurrence-free survival of 80.3%and 78.2%,respectively.Among the 814 patients,157(19.3%)underwent robotic gastrectomy,while 308(37.2%)were diagnosed with pathological stage II or III disease.Notably,our findings showed that robotic gastrectomy was an independent positive predictor for recurrence-free survival in patients with pathological stage II/III[hazard ratio:0.56(0.33-0.96),P=0.035].Comparison of recurrence-free survival between the robotic and laparoscopic approach using propensity score matching analysis verified that the robotic group had less morbidity(P=0.005).CONCLUSION Age,ASA status,gastrectomy type,and pathological T and N status were prognostic factors of minimally invasive gastrectomy,with the robot approach possibly improving long-term outcomes of advanced gastric cancer.

Incidence and survival of stomach cancer in a high-risk population of Chile

AIM:To study the incidence and survival rate of stomach cancer(SC)and its associated factors in a high risk population in Chile. METHODS:The population-based cancer registry of Valdivia,included in the International Agency for Research on Cancer system,covers 356 396 residents of Valdivia Province,Southern Chile.We studied all SC cases entered in this Registry during 1998-2002 (529 cases).Population data came from the Chilean census(2002).Standardized incidence rates per 100 000 inhabitants(SIR)using the world population, cumulative risk of developing cancer before age 75, and rate ratios by sex,age,ethnicity and social factors were estimated.Relative survival(EdererⅡmethod) and age-standardized estimates(Brenner method) were calculated.Specific survival rates(Kaplan-Meier) were measured at 3 and 5 years and survival curves were analyzed with the Logrank and Breslow tests. Survival was studied in relation to demographics, clinical presentation,laboratory results and medical management of the cases.Those variables significantly associated with survival were later included in a Cox multivariate model. RESULTS:Between 1998 and 2002,529 primary gastric cancers occurred in Valdivia(crude incidence rate 29.2 per 100000 inhabitants).Most cases were male(69.0%), residents of urban areas(57.5%)and Hispanic(83.2%), with a low education level(84.5%<8 school years). SC SIR was higher in men than women(40.8 and 14.8 respectively,P<0.001),risk factors were low education RR 4.4(95%CI:2.9-6.8)and 1.6,(95%CI:1.1-2.1) for women and men respectively and Mapuche ethnicity only significant for women(RR 2.2,95%CI:1.2-3.7).Of all cases,76.4%were histologically confirmed,11.5% had a death certificate only(DCO),56.1%were TNM stageⅣ;445 cases(84.1%)were eligible for survival analysis,all completed five years follow-up;42 remained alive,392 died of SC and 11 died from other causes. Specific 5-year survival,excluding cases with DCO,was 10.6%(95%CI:7.7-13.5);5-year relative survival rate was 12.3%(95%CI:9.1-16.1),men 10.9%(95%CI: 7.4-15.2)and women 16.1%(95%CI:9.5-24.5).Fiveyear specific survival was higher for patients aged<55 years(17.3%),with intestinal type of cancer(14.6%), without metastasis(22.2%),tumor size<4 cm(60.0%), without lymphatic invasion(77.1%),only involvement of the mucous membrane(100%).Statistically significant independent prognostic factors were:TNM staging, diffuse type,metastasis,supraclavicular adenopathy, palpable tumor,and hepatitis or ascites. CONCLUSION:Social determinants are the main risk factors for SC,but not for survival.An advanced clinical stage at consultation is the main cause of poor SC survival.

Meta analysis of safety and effectiveness of anastomosis of esophagus and jejunum overlap in total laparoscopic total gastrectomy

Objective:To systematically evaluate and compare the safety and effectiveness of esophagojejunostomy and traditional esophagojejunostomy in total laparoscopic total gastrectomy in the treatment of gastric cancer,providing evidence-based medical evidence for clinical practice.Methods:PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang and VIP databases were searched by computer,and the retrieval time was up to December 2021.Relevant literatures were obtained,and eligible studies were gradually screened and included.Cochrane ROB bias risk assessment tool and NOS scale were used to evaluate the quality of the articles,and required data were extracted from high-quality literatures.Finally,meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 software.Results:Eleven studies were finally included,including 1398 patients,including 566 patients receiving overlap anastomosis and 832 patients receiving traditional anastomosis.The results show that overlap anastomosis and traditional anastomosis had the advantages of operation time(MD=0.63,95%CI=7.22,8.48,P=0.88),postoperative first exhaust time(MD=-0.13,95%CI=0.43,0.18,P=0.42),postoperative first feeding time(MD=0.02,95%CI=0.33,0.37,P=0.91),anastomotic leakage(OR=1.38,95%CI=0.73,2.63,P=0.32),and postoperative hospital stay(MD=-0.16,95%CI=0.82,0.51,P=0.64)had no significant differences(all P>0.05).Compared with traditional anastomosis,overlap anastomosis had longer anastomosis time(MD=5.60,95%CI=0.59,10.62,P=0.03),higher incidence of anastomotic bleeding(OR=2.48,95%CI=1.08,5.69,P=0.03),less intraoperative bleeding(MD=-6.42,MD=-6.42,OR=2.48,95%CI=1.08,P=0.03).95%CI=10.28,-2.56,P=0.001)and anastomotic stenosis(OR=0.17,95%CI=0.06,0.46,P=0.0006).Conclusion:Overlap esophagojejunostomy is a safe,effective and prognostic surgical method,and is expected to become the standard esophagojejunostomy in total laparoscopic total gastrectomy.

吲哚菁绿标记近红外荧光腹腔镜胃癌根治术的应用研究

目的:探讨吲哚菁绿(ICG)在腹腔镜胃癌根治术中淋巴结定位及清扫的应用价值。方法:回顾分析2018年1月至2019年5月接受腹腔镜胃癌D2根治术的73例胃癌患者的临床资料。其中35例术前经ICG标记后行腹腔镜手术(ICG组),38例行常规腹腔镜胃癌根治术(对照组)。对比分析两组淋巴结清扫总数、手术时间、出血量、术后并发症及住院时间。结果:两组均顺利完成腹腔镜胃癌根治术。ICG组与对照组手术时间[(195.31±35.12)min vs.(201.48±36.57)min,P>0.05]、术中出血量[(90.58±18.27)mL vs.(92.44±20.25)mL,P>0.05]、术后排气时间[(3.25±1.35)d vs.(3.17±1.65)d,P>0.05]、术后住院时间[(12.55±3.25)d vs.(13.50±3.65)d,P>0.05]差异均无统计学意义。两组淋巴结清扫数量差异有统计学意义[(47.71±16.43)枚vs.(30.22±11.67)枚,P<0.05]。术后平均随访(27±13)个月,其中2例吻合口复发,予以手术切除,无死亡病例。结论:ICG成像技术方便、安全、有效,可确保淋巴结清扫的安全性、有效性,避免淋巴结残留。

腹腔镜胃癌根治术中胃右系膜完整切除的体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜胃癌根治术中胃右系膜完整切除的体会。方法:收集2022年3月至2022年12月行基于膜解剖的3D腹腔镜根治性远端胃及全胃切除术的58例患者的临床资料,其中42例离断十二指肠后显露门静脉,切除门静脉前方的胃右系膜;16例于离断十二指肠前显露门静脉,切除门静脉前方的胃右系膜。记录胃右系膜内的淋巴结数量、术后相关并发症及术后恢复情况。结果:58例胃癌患者均在腹腔镜下成功完成胃右系膜的完整分离、血管离断。胃右系膜平均清扫淋巴结(1.2±0.5)枚。标本病理检查结果显示胃右系膜内淋巴结均为阴性。术后出现吻合口出血1例、胃瘫1例,均经保守治疗后治愈出院。结论:从后方将胃右系膜抬起分离,较从前方分离能更好、更完整地分离胃右系膜。离断十二指肠前或后完成门静脉前方胃右系膜的切除各有优势,离断前切除出血较少,离断后切除视野较开阔;完成门静脉前方胃右系膜切除时应防止过度牵拉导致胆总管牵拉从而损伤胆总管。

新辅助化疗联合免疫治疗后腹腔镜胃癌手术的疗效与安全性分析

目的:探讨新辅助化疗联合免疫治疗后行腹腔镜胃癌手术的临床疗效及安全性。方法:回顾分析2016年3月至2020年8月行新辅助治疗并接受标准腹腔镜胃癌根治术的113例进展期胃癌患者的临床资料,将患者分为新辅助化疗联合免疫治疗组(联合组,n=37)与新辅助化疗组(新辅助组,n=76)。比较两组患者预后情况。结果:两组患者基线资料差异无统计学意义。联合组总生存时间(P=0.002)、无病生存时间(P<0.001)长于新辅助组,肿瘤退缩分级(P<0.001)、T分期(P=0.022)及N分期(P=0.008)低于新辅助组,脉管浸润(P=0.007)、术后复发(P=0.017)、术后转移(P=0.033)少于新辅助组。两组术中输血、术后住院时间、发热时间、排气时间、并发症发生率及中性粒细胞减少、淋巴细胞减少、血小板减少的发生率差异无统计学意义。结论:新辅助化疗联合免疫治疗后行腹腔镜胃癌根治术是安全、可行的,并可有效改善患者预后。

腹腔镜辅助根治性近端胃切除双通道重建的临床应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜辅助根治性近端胃切除双通道重建术式的应用价值。方法:回顾分析2019年2月至2023年2月为70例早期近端胃癌患者行腹腔镜辅助近端胃切除术的临床资料。根据消化道重建方式分为食管胃重建组(n=31)与双通道重建组(n=39)。观察两组手术时间、消化道重建时间、出血量、术后恢复情况、反流性食管炎情况。结果:两组均成功完成手术,双通道重建组手术时间、消化道重建时间长于食管胃重建组,差异有统计学意义。两组术中出血量、术后通气时间、淋巴结清扫数量、术后住院时间、总并发症发生率差异无统计学意义。双通道重建组术后反流性食管炎发生率低于食管胃重建组。结论:腹腔镜辅助近端胃切除双通道重建术可减少近端胃癌术后反流性食管炎的发生,值得临床推广。

腹腔镜胃癌根治术中胃网膜右系膜分离的体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜胃癌根治术中胃网膜右系膜分离及完整切除的可行性及应用价值。方法:回顾分析35例腹腔镜胃癌根治术(膜解剖术式)患者的临床资料,其中19例行腹腔镜远端胃根治性切除术,16例行腹腔镜全胃根治性切除术。记录胃网膜右系膜分离时间、术中出血量、清扫淋巴结数量、术后相关并发症情况、术后恢复情况等。结果:35例手术均获成功,胃网膜右系膜分离手术时间14~25 min,平均(17.1±2.1)min;分离胃网膜右系膜出血量2~20 mL,平均(5.0±2.7)mL;胃网膜右系膜处淋巴结清扫数量3~8枚,平均(5.2±2.1)枚。术后发生吻合口出血、切口感染、肺部感染各1例,均经保守治疗治愈,无手术死亡病例。结论:在深刻理解膜解剖理论、手术流程相对固定及手术技巧熟练的前提下,腹腔镜胃癌根治术中可实现胃网膜右系膜分离与完整切除。

胃癌根治术后腹膜复发的危险因素分析

目的探讨胃癌根治术后腹膜复发的危险因素。方法收集2010年1月至2018年12月邢台市中心医院接受胃癌根治术的861例胃腺癌病人的一般资料,按7∶3随机分为训练集(603例)和测试集(258例),并根据术后复发情况将全组病人分为腹膜复发组与非腹膜复发组。在训练集中,采用logistic回归模型分析影响术后腹膜复发的独立相关因素,并建立列线图预测模型。分别应用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线与校准曲线在训练集与测试集中评估模型的预测准确性与一致性。根据列线图分数将全组病人分为3个风险组,比较不同风险组的术后腹膜复发率与化疗获益。结果861例胃癌病人中,99例发生了术后腹膜复发。单因素分析显示,年龄、性别、组织学分级、Lauren分型、pT分期、pN分期、脉管与神经侵犯、辅助化疗与术后腹膜复发显著相关(P<0.05)。基于向后逐步回归法的多因素分析显示,年龄<60岁、女性、弥漫型肿瘤、病理分期晚期是术后腹膜复发的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。基于以上指标构建列线图预测模型,该模型在训练集与测试集中均具有良好的预测准确性(AUC=0.83)与一致性(Hosmer-Lemeshow P>0.05)。根据列线图分数将全组病人分为低、中、高风险组,3组病人的腹膜复发率分别为1.9%、17.3%、50.0%。不同风险组病人经辅助化疗后其腹膜复发的风险均未发生明显降低。结论年龄<60岁、女性病人与弥漫型、进展期肿瘤是影响胃癌根治术后腹膜复发的独立危险因素。

食管胃结合部腺癌外科治疗中国专家共识(2024年版)

《食管胃结合部腺癌外科治疗中国专家共识(2018版)》自颁布以来,很大程度上促进了我国食管胃结合部腺癌(AEG)的规范化、同质化诊疗,提升了我国AEG的外科治疗水平。经过5年的临床实践,该共识普适性和可行性已得到广泛证实。鉴于AEG发病率持续上升的趋势及其解剖部位、临床病理特征和分子生物学特征的特殊性,AEG成为近5年来外科临床研究的热点之一,并不断有新的临床研究证据发表。但是,对于AEG的定义、分型、分期、手术路径、切除范围、淋巴结清扫规范和消化道重建等外科问题,仍旧存在争议。鉴于此,有必要对2018版的共识进行更新。《食管胃结合部腺癌外科治疗中国专家共识(2024版)》在前一版的基础上,整合并分析5年来新的最佳临床证据,参考最新国际指南与共识,结合我国外科专家组意见,针对AEG外科治疗关键环节,包括AEG的定义和分型、手术径路、手术方式、淋巴结清扫范围、消化道重建方式及外科围手术期治疗等存在争议的问题,提出相关推荐建议,以期更好地规范AEG的外科治疗方式。在本共识中未解决的相关问题,尚需积极开展高质量的临床研究,以逐步探索和解决。

食管-管状胃吻合与双通道吻合在腹腔镜近端胃切除消化道重建中的对比研究

目的:探讨双通道吻合与食管管状胃吻合在近端胃切除消化道重建中的应用价值。方法:选取2021年6月至2023年6月收治的50例腹腔镜近端胃切除患者,按重建方式分为双通道吻合组(双通道组)与管状胃吻合组(管状胃组)。比较两组术中情况(手术时间、吻合器使用数量、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数量)、术后应激指标、术后恢复情况(排气时间、住院时间)、术后并发症、术后6个月胃食管反流情况与营养状况、贫血状况。结果:管状胃组手术时间短于双通道组(P<0.05),吻合器使用数量少于双通道组(P<0.05),两组术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数量、术后中性粒细胞、术后C反应蛋白、术后排气时间、进食时间、术后住院时间、术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后6个月,双通道组反流性食管炎严重程度轻于管状胃组(P<0.05),BMI、白蛋白水平更高(P<0.05)。结论:食管管状胃吻合、双通道吻合在近端胃切除消化道重建中均具有较好的安全性、实用性,管状胃重建手术时间短,使用吻合器少;而双通道吻合短期内具有更好的抗反流效果与营养状况。

腹腔镜胃癌根治术联合托出式脾门入路淋巴结清扫治疗胃癌的效果观察

目的研究腹腔镜胃癌根治术(LTG)与托出式脾门入路淋巴结清扫(TLND)联合治疗胃癌的效果。方法以前瞻性分析为法,选取2019年1至12月江苏省肿瘤医院收治入院的80例胃癌患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为两组:观察组(n=43)与对照组(n=37)。对照组实施开腹手术联合托出式脾门TLND,观察组实施LTG与托出式脾门TLND。比较两组手术近期疗效(手术时间、术中出血量、总淋巴结清扫数量、脾门淋巴结检出数量、腹部切口长度、首次流质食物摄入时间以及术后住院时间)、生活质量、肿瘤学指标[癌胚抗原、甲胎蛋白、糖类抗原(CA)199、CA724]、术后并发症、远期疗效。结果观察组的手术时间为(243.16±47.51)min,长于对照组[(193.42±39.85)min],术中出血量为(114.78±60.84)mL,少于对照组[(201.46±70.49)mL],腹部切口长度、首次流质食物摄入时间以及术后住院时间分别为(6.33±1.15)cm、(5.19±2.31)d、(11.92±2.15)d,均短于对照组[(17.52±4.85)cm、(7.45±2.62)d、(14.99±3.49)d],总淋巴结清扫数量、脾门淋巴结检出数量分别为(25.75±4.31)、(5.23±1.43)枚,均高于对照组[(22.23±3.44)、(3.41±1.62)枚],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。手术后1个月,两组患者生活质量评分中主观症状、社会活动功能、生理功能、心理情绪以及生存质量指数(GLQI)总分均下降,且观察组分别为(60.41±4.75)、(10.65±1.64)、(17.51±3.21)、(12.31±1.02)、(103.39±4.19)分,均明显低于对照组[(66.98±5.13)、(12.28±1.56)、(19.19±3.35)、(13.88±1.34)、(113.27±4.98)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。手术后1个月,两组患者血清癌胚抗原、甲胎蛋白、CA199、CA724水平均较手术前降低,且观察组血清癌胚抗原、甲胎蛋白、CA199、CA724水平分别为(10.87±2.33)μg/L、(10.42±5.41)ng/mL、(40.16±7.42)U/L、(6.31±1.03)U/mL,均明显低于对照组[(15.78±2.84)μg/L、(16.49±4.87)ng/mL、(60.46±10.48)U/L、(8.42±1.09)U/mL],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后并发症总发生率为4.65%,低于对照组(24.32%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组3年总生存率以及无病生存率分别为93.02%、69.77%,均高于对照组(72.97%、45.95%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胃癌患者开展LTG与托出式脾门TLND联合治疗效果显著,对于术后康复与生活质量而言有明显改善作用,降低术后并发症,减轻血清内肿瘤因子水平,且3年的总生存率、无瘤生存率较高。

Factors associated with early recurrence after curative surgery for gastric cancer

AIM: To characterize patterns of gastric cancer recurrence and patient survival and to identify predictors of early recurrence after surgery.METHODS: Clinicopathological data for 417 consecutive patients who underwent curative resection for gastric cancer were retrospectively analyzed. Tumor and node status was reclassified according to the 7th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor-node-metastasis classification for carcinoma of the stomach. Survival data came from both the patients' follow-up records and telephone followups.Recurrent gastric cancer was diagnosed based on clinical imaging, gastroscopy with biopsy, and/or cytological examination of ascites, or intraoperative findings in patients who underwent reoperation.Predictors of early recurrence were compared in patients with pT1 and pT2-4a stage tumors. Pearson's χ 2 test and Fisher's exact test were used to compare differences between categorical variables. Survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared via the log-rank test. Variables identified as potentially important for early recurrence using univariate analysis were determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis.RESULTS: Of 417 gastric cancer patients, 80(19.2%)were diagnosed with early gastric cancer and the remaining 337(80.8%) were diagnosed with locally advanced gastric cancer. After a median follow-up period of 56 mo, 194 patients(46.5%) experiencedrecurrence. The mean time from curative surgery to recurrence in these 194 patients was 24 ± 18 mo(range, 1-84 mo). Additionally, of these 194 patients,129(66.5%) experienced recurrence within 2 years after surgery. There was no significant difference in recurrence patterns between early and late recurrence(P < 0.05 each). For pT1 stage gastric cancer, tumor size(P = 0.011) and pN stage(P = 0.048) were associated with early recurrence of gastric tumors.Patient age, pT stage, pN stage, Lauren histotype,lymphovascular invasion, intraoperative chemotherapy,and postoperative chemotherapy were independent predictors of early recurrence in patients with pT2-4a stage gastric cancer(P < 0.05 each).CONCLUSION: Age, pT stage, pN stage, Lauren histotype, lymphovascular invasion, intraoperative chemotherapy, and postoperative chemotherapy are independent factors influencing early recurrence of pT2-4a stage gastric cancer.

Comparision of modified and conventional delta-shaped gastroduodenostomy in totally laparoscopic surgery

AIM:To evaluate the safety and feasibility of a modified delta-shaped gastroduodenostomy(DSG)in totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy(TLDG).METHODS:We performed a case-control study enrolling 63 patients with distal gastric cancer(GC)undergoing TLDG with a DSG from January 2013 to June 2013.Twenty-two patients underwent a conventional DSG(Con-Group),whereas the other 41 patients underwent a modified version of the DSG(Mod-Group).The modified procedure required only the instruments of the surgeon and assistant to complete the involution of the common stab incision and to completely resect the duodenal cutting edge,resulting in an anastomosis with an inverted T-shaped appearance.The clinicopathological characteristics,surgical outcomes,anastomosis time and complications of the two groups were retrospectively analyzed using a prospectively maintained comprehensive database.RESULTS:DSG procedures were successfully completed in all of the patients with histologically complete(R0)resections,and none of these patients required conversion to open surgery.The clinicopathological characteristics of the two groups were similar.There were no significant differences between the groups in the operative time,intraoperative blood loss,extension of the lymph node(LN)dissection and number of dissected LNs(150.8±21.6 min vs 143.4±23.4 min,P=0.225for the operative time;26.8±11.3 min vs 30.6±14.8mL,P=0.157 for the intraoperative blood loss;4/18 vs3/38,P=0.375 for the extension of the LN dissection;and 43.9±13.4 vs 39.5±11.5 per case,P=0.151 for the number of dissected LNs).The anastomosis time,however,was significantly shorter in the Mod-Group than in the Con-Group(13.9±2.8 min vs 23.9±5.6min,P=0.000).The postoperative outcomes,including the times to out-of-bed activities,first flatus,resumption of soft diet and postoperative hospital stay,as well as the anastomosis size,did not differ significantly(1.9±0.6 d vs 2.3±1.5 d,P=0.228 for the time to outof-bed activities;3.2±0.9 d vs 3.5±1.3 d,P=0.295for the first flatus time;7.5±0.8 d vs 8.1±4.3 d,P=0.489 for the resumption of a soft diet time;14.3±10.6 d vs 11.5±4.9 d,P=0.148 for the postoperative hospital stay;and 30.5±3.6 mm vs 30.1±4.0 mm,P=0.730 for the anastomosis size).One patient with minor anastomotic leakage in the Con-Group was managed conservatively;no other patients experienced any complications around the anastomosis.The operative complication rates were similar in the Con-and ModGroups(9.1%vs 7.3%,P=1.000).CONCLUSION:The modified DSG,an alternative reconstruction in TLDG for GC,is technically safe and feasible,with a simpler process that reduces the anastomosis time.

Laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery:Current evidence andfuture perspectives

Laparoscopic gastrectomy has been widely accepted as a standard alternative for the treatment of early-stage gastric adenocarcinoma because of its favorable shortterm outcomes. Although controversies exist, such as establishing clear indications, proper preoperative staging, and oncologic safety, experienced surgeons and institutions have applied this approach, along with various types of function-preserving surgery, for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. With technical advancement and the advent of state-of-the-art instruments, indications for laparoscopic gastrectomy are expected to expand as far as locally advanced gastric cancer. Laparoscopic gastrectomy appears to be promising; however, scientific evidence necessary to generalize this approach to a standard treatment for all relevant patients and care providers remains to be gathered. Several multicenter, prospective randomized trials in high-incidence countries are ongoing, and results from these trials will highlight the short- and long-term outcomes of the approach. In this review, we describe up-to-date findings and critical issues regarding laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Case-matched comparison of laparoscopy-assisted and open distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer

AIM: To compare shortand long-term outcomes of laparoscopy-assisted and open distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed by comparing the outcomes of 54 patients who underwent laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) with those of 54 patients who underwent open distal gastrectomy (ODG) between October 2004 and October 2007. The patients' demographic data (age and gender), date of surgery, extent of lymphadenectomy, and differentiation and tumor-node-metastasis stage of the tumor were examined. The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative recovery, complications, pathological findings, and follow-up data were compared between the two groups.RESULTS: The mean operative time was significantly longer in the LADG group than in the ODG group (259.3 ± 46.2 min vs 199.8 ± 40.85 min; P < 0.05), whereas intraoperative blood loss and postoperative complications were significantly lower (160.2 ± 85.9 mL vs 257.8 ± 151.0 mL; 13.0% vs 24.1%, respectively, P < 0.05). In addition, the time to first flatus, time to initiate oral intake, and postoperative hospital stay were significantly shorter in the LADG group than in the ODG group (3.9 ± 1.4 d vs 4.4 ± 1.5 d; 4.6 ± 1.2 d vs 5.6 ± 2.1 d; and 9.5 ± 2.7 d vs 11.1 ± 4.1 d, respectively; P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the LADG group and ODG group with regard to the number of harvested lymph nodes. The median followup was 60 mo (range, 5-97 mo). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease-free survival rates were 94.3%, 90.2%, and 76.7%, respectively, in the LADG group and 89.5%, 84.7%, and 82.3%, respectively, in the ODG group. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 98.0%, 91.9%, and 81.1%, respectively, in the LADG group and 91.5%, 86.9%, and 82.1%, respectively, in the ODG group. There was no significant difference between the two groups with regard to the survival rate. CONCLUSION: LADG is suitable and minimally invasive for treating distal gastric cancer and can achieve similar long-term results to ODG.

Prognostic impact of metastatic lymph node ratio on gastric cancer after curative distal gastrectomy

AIM:To investigate the prognostic impact of metastatic lymph node ratio(rN) on gastric cancer after curative distal gastrectomy.METHODS:A total of 634 gastric cancer patients who underwent curative resection(R0) of lymph nodes at distal gastrectomy in 1995-2004.Correlations between positive nodes and retrieved nodes,between rN and retrieved nodes,and between rN and negative lymph node(LN) count were analyzed respectively.Prognostic factors were identif ied by univariate and multivariate analyses.Staging accuracy of the pN category(5th UICC/TNM system) and the rN category was compared according to the survival rates of patients.A linear regression model was used to identify the relation between rN and 5-year survival rate of the patients.RESULTS:The number of dissected LNs was related with metastatic LNs but not related with rN.Cox regression analysis showed that depth of invasion,pN and rN category were the independent predictors of survival(P < 0.05).There was a signif icant difference in survival between LN stages classif ied by the rN category or by the pN category(P < 0.05).However,no signif icant difference was found in survival rate between LN stages classif ied by the pN category or by the rN category(P > 0.05).Linear regression model showed a signif icant linear correlation between rN and the 5-year survival rate of gastric cancer patients(β = 0.862,P < 0.001).Pearson's correlation test revealed that negative LN count was negatively correlated with rN(P < 0.001).CONCLUSION:rN category is a better prognostic tool than the 5th UICC pN category for gastric cancer patients after curative distal gastrectomy.Increased negative LN count can reduce rN and improve the survival rate of gastric cancer patients.