Healing property of the Piper betel phenol, allylpyrocatechol against indomethacin-induced stomach ulceration and mechanism of action

AIM：To evaluate the protective activity of allylpyrocatechol （APC）, the major antioxidant constituent of Piper betel, against the indomethacin-induced stomach ulceration in the rat model and correlates with its antioxidative and mucin protecting properties.METHODS： Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups. Normal control rats （group Ⅰ ） were given the vehicle oral dose of gum acacia in distilled water （1 mL per rat）; ulcerated control and treated rats （groups Ⅱ-V） were given a single dose of indomethacin （30 mg/kg body wt.）; group Ⅱ rats were sacrificed 4 h after indomethacin administration; groups Ⅲ-Ⅴ rats were given the vehicle （1 mL per rat） or APC （2 mg/kg body wt.） or misoprostol （1.43 μg/kg body wt.） once daily by oral intubation for 7 d starting from 4 h after the indomethacin administration. After 7 d, the stomach tissues were excised for histological examination and biochemical analysis. RESULTS： Treatment with APC （2 mg/kg body wt per day） and misoprostol （1.43 μg/kg body wt per day） for 7 d could effectively heal the stomach ulceration as revealed from the ulcer index and histopathological studies. Compared to the zero day ulcerated group, treatment with APC and misoprostol reduced the ulcer index by 93.4% and 85.4% respectively （P 〈 0.05）. Both APC and misoprostol accelerated ulcer healing observed in natural recovery （P 〈 0.05）, their respective healing capacities not being significantly different. The healing capacities of APC and misoprostol could be attributed to their antioxidant activity as well as the ability to enhance the rnucin content of the gastric tissues. Compared to the ulcerated untreated rats, those treated with APC and rnisoprostol showed near normal MDA levels, while the protein levels were 86% and 78% of the normal value respectively （P 〈 0.05）. Likewise, both APC and rnisoprostol increased the SOD, catalase, and rnucin levels significantly （P 〈 0.05）, the effect of APC being better. CONCLUSION： APC can protect indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration due to its antioxidative and mucin protecting properties.

Feed Form Affects Growth and Stomach Ulcers in Yearling Horses

Fourteen yearling standardbred horses were used to test the hypothesis that hay and grain fed as a complete total mixed ration （TMR） cube diet （C） would result in greater average daily gain （ADG）, feed efficiency （gain to feed ratio, G/F） and apparent digestibility in horses on the TMR diet compared to horses fed the same weight and proportion of hay cubes and grain fed separately （diet HG）. Both diets consisted of 75% forage and 25% ground oats. The forage in both the plain hay cubes and the complete cubes was 80% alfalfa and 20% endophyte-free tall rescue. An additional hypothesis that stomach ulceration would not differ between horses fed either of the two diet treatments was also tested by comparing upper gastric endoscopies before and after 70 days of feeding the experimental diets. Horses fed diet C had greater ADG （P 〈 0.046） while G/F between the two treatments was not significantly different （P 〉 0.065） but showed a trend to be higher in the horses consuming diet C. Apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein was not different between the diet treatments, and no major gastric ulceration was found in horses consuming either diet treatment. The results of this study found that a complete cubed diet of 75% hay and 25% oats did not cause stomach ulceration while achieving an acceptable growth rate in yearling horses.

补益脾胃溃结方对脾胃虚弱型溃疡性结肠炎患者的临床疗效

目的 探讨补益脾胃溃结方对脾胃虚弱型溃疡性结肠炎患者的临床疗效。方法 132例患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组66例,对照组给予常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用补益脾胃溃结方,疗程4周。检测临床疗效、Mayo评分、SF-36评分、中医证候评分、5-HT、IL-6、TNF-α、IL-4、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、LPS、TGF-β1、DAO变化。结果 观察组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组Mayo评分、中医证候评分、TNF-α、LPS、5-HT、IL-6、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、DAO降低(P<0.05),SF-36评分、TGF-β1、IL-4升高(P<0.05),以观察组更明显(P<0.05)。结论 补益脾胃溃结方可减轻脾胃虚弱型溃疡性结肠炎患者炎症反应,调节免疫功能,抑制疼痛介质分泌,促进肠黏膜修复,提高临床疗效。

降钙素基因相关肽在胃溃疡模型小鼠穴位敏化中的作用研究

目的从分子生物学的角度,探讨降钙素基因相关肽(calcitonin gene-related peptide,CGRP)在慢性胃溃疡模型小鼠穴位敏化过程中的作用。方法将C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组和模型组,每组15只,将冰乙酸溶液于胃小弯近幽门处注射到胃壁肌层近黏膜下层构建慢性胃溃疡模型,随后在小鼠尾静脉上注射伊文思蓝,观察穴位敏化点的体表分布规律;HE染色法观察胃部组织在造模前后的病理形态变化;通过体表痛敏行为学实验,观察小鼠痛觉阈值的改变;蛋白质印迹法、免疫荧光染色法检测穴位敏化后脊髓、背根神经节(dorsal root ganglion,DRG)和皮肤中的CGRP表达。结果通过向小鼠胃部注射冰乙酸可诱导其形成符合胃溃疡典型病理特征的动物模型;对照组EB渗出点较少,模型组EB渗出点分散于脊髓T_(1)~T_(13)节段支配区域,其中以T_(9)~_(T11)区域最为集中,且其伊文思蓝渗出点压痛阈较造模前显著降低(P<0.01)。穴位敏化后模型组的脊髓、DRG和皮肤中的CGRP蛋白和荧光蛋白阳性表达显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论冰乙酸诱导小鼠形成胃溃疡后,其胃部组织病变所对应的体表敏化区、相应的脊髓T9~T11节段和DRG神经元中CGRP表达增高,可能是引起外周和中枢痛觉敏化,使体表局部出现神经源性炎性反应,介导穴位敏化的原因。

Gastrin,somatostatin,G and D cells of gastric ulcer in rats

AIM: To investigate the relationship among gastrin, somatostatin, G and D cells in gastric ulcer and in its healing process in rats. METHODS: Fourty-nine Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups. The gastric ulcer model was induced by acetic acid successfully. The gastrin and the somatostatin in rat plasma, gastric fluid and antral tissue were measured by radioimmunoassay(RIA). G and D cells in antral mucosa were analyzed with polyclonal antibody of gastrin and somatostatin by immunohistochemical method and Quantimet 500 image analysis system. RESULTS: In gastric ulcer, the level of gastrin in plasma, gastric fluid, and antral tissue increased, that of somatostatin declined, and the disorder gradually recovered to the normal level in the healing process. Immunohistochemical technique of G and D cells in antral mucosa demonstrated that the number of G cells increased and that of D cells decreased, both areas of G and D cells declined, the ratio of number and area of G/D increased in gastric ulcer, and the disorder gradually recovered in the healing process. CONCLUSION: In gastric ulcer, the increased gastrin secreted by G cells, the declined somatostatin secreted by D cells, and the disordered G/D cell ratio can lead to gastrointestinal dysfunction.

Association of CagA and VacA presence with ulcer and non-ulcer dyspepsia in a Turkish population

AIM:The mostly known genotypic virulence features,of H.pylori are cytotoxin associated gene A (cagA) and Vacuolating cytotoxin gene A (VacA).We investigated the association of these major virulence factors with ulcer and non-ulcer dyspepsia in our region. METHODS:One hundred and forty two dyspeptic patients were studied (average age 44.8±15.9 years,range 15-87 years,64 males and 78 females).Antral and corpus biopsies were taken for detecting and genotyping of H.pylori.107 patients who were H.pylori positive by histological assessment were divided into three groups according to endoscopic findings:Duodenal ulcer (DU),gastric ulcer (GU) and non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD).The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect CagA and VacA genes of H.pylori using specific primers. RESULTS:H.pyloriwas isolated from 75.4% (107/142) of the patients.Of the 107 patients,66 (61.7%) were cagA- positive and 82 (76.6%) were VacA-positive.CagA gene was positively associated with DU and GU (P<0.01,P<0.02), but not with NUD (P>0.05).Although VacA positivity in ulcer patients was higher than that in NUD group,the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). CONCLUSION:There is a significantly positive association between CagA genes and DU and GU.The presence of VacA is not a predictive marker for DU,GU,and NUD in our patients.

Spices, herbal xenobiotics and the stomach: Friends or foes?

Spices and herbal remedies have been used since ancient times to treat a variety of disorders. It has been experimentally demonstrated that spices, herbs, and their extracts possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, lipid-lowering, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, antimutagenic and anticancer activities, besides their gastroprotective and anti-ulcer activities. Despite a number of reports on the toxicity of herbs and spices, they are generally accepted as safer alternatives to conventional therapy against gastric ulcers. To this end, it is also believed, that excessive consumption of spices may favor the pathogenesis of gastric and duodenal ulcer and some studies have substantiated this common perception. Based on various in vivo experiments and clinical studies, on the effects of spices and herbs on gastric ulcers, it has indeed been shown that certain spices do possess remarkable anti-ulcer properties mediated by antisecretory, cytoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-Helicobacter pylori effects and mechanisms regulated by nitric oxide, prostaglandins, non-protein sulfhydryl molecules and epidermal growth factor expression. Accordingly, their consumption may attenuate and help prevent peptic ulcer disease. In the present review, the beneficial effects of spices and herbal nutritive components on the gastric mucosa are discussed against the paradigm of their deleterious potential.

Clinical characteristics of peptic ulcer perforation in Korea

AIM To elucidate the epidemiological characteristics and associated risk factors of perforated peptic ulcer(PPU).METHODS We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients who were diagnosed with benign PPU from 2010 through 2015 at 6 Hallym university-affiliated hospitals.RESULTS A total of 396 patients were identified with postoperative complication rate of 9.1% and mortality rate of 0.8%. Among 174(43.9%) patients who were examined for Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection, 78(44.8%) patients were positive for H. pylori infection, 21(12.1%) were on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) therapy, and 80(46%) patients were neither infected of H. pylori nor treated by any kinds of NSAIDs. Multivariate analysis indicated that older age(OR = 1.09, 95%CI: 1.04-1.16) and comorbidity(OR = 4.11, 95%CI: 1.03-16.48) were risk factors for NSAID-associated PPU compared with non-H. pylori, non-NSAID associated PPU and older age(OR = 1.04, 95%CI: 1.02-1.07) and alcohol consumption(OR = 2.08, 95%CI: 1.05-4.13) were risk factors for non-H. pylori, non-NSAID associated PPU compared with solely H. pylori positive PPU.CONCLUSION Elderly patients with comorbidities are associated with NSAIDs-associated PPU. Non-H. pylori, non-NSAID peptic ulcer is important etiology of PPU and alcohol consumption is associated risk factor.

65例胃早癌脉管侵犯的相关因素分析

目的探讨胃早癌脉管侵犯的相关因素。方法回顾性分析江苏省扬州市江都人民医院2018年1月—2023年6月收治的65例胃早癌内镜黏膜下剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD)患者资料。根据术后病理结果将患者分为脉管侵犯组与非侵犯组,分别为31例和34例。分析各组病例的临床特征、胃镜表现及病理特点,通过logistic回归分析探讨胃癌发生脉管浸润的独立危险因素。结果病灶>2 cm(OR=4.959,95%CI1.490~16.500)、合并溃疡(OR=3.667,95%CI 1.429~21.950)、Kit-67指数>30%(OR=9.601,95%CI2.530~36.373)、病理分化差(OR=6.440,95%CI1.822~22.760)及浸润深度T1b(tumour infiltration depth 1b,T1b)(OR=6.301,95%CI1.913~20.802)对胃早癌脉管侵犯有影响(P<0.05)。Kit-67指数>30%是脉管转移独立高危因素(P<0.05)。结论脉管侵犯与多种因素有关,Kit-67指数对评估是否合并脉管侵犯有重要临床意义。

Gastric ulcer penetrating to liver diagnosed by endoscopic biopsy

Liver penetration is a rare but serious complication of peptic ulcer disease.Usually the diagnosis is made by operation or autopsy.Clinical and laboratory data were no specific.A 64-year-old man was admitted with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.Hepatic penetration was diagnosed as the cause of bleeding.Endoscopy showed a large gastric ulcer with a pseudotumoral mass protruding from the ulcer bed.Definitive diagnosis was established by endoscopic biopsies of the ulcer base.

GC/MS-based differential metabolic profiling of human peptic ulcer disease to study Helicobacter pylori-induced metabolic perturbations

Helicobacter pylori infection has been significantly linked to Peptic Ulcer Disease and Gastric Cancer.Metabolomic fingerprinting may offer a principal way of early diagnosis and to understand the molecular mechanism of H.pylori-induced pathogenicity.The rationale of the study is to explore the underlying distinct metabolic mechanisms of H.pylori-induced PUD and to identify potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis and associated risks using Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.GC/MS-based analytical method was used to compare metabolic profiles of healthy controls(N=20)and peptic ulcer patients(N=45).Acquired metabolomic data were analyzed by constructing a diagnostic model using principal component analysis and a non-parametric two-tailed paired Wilcoxon analysis to identify disease-specific metabolic biomarkers.A total of 75 low-molecular-weight endogenous metabolites were detected during comparative metabolomic analysis of PUD vs.healthy gut tissues,among which 16 metabolites are being proposed to be diagnostic markers of Human PUD.Perturbations related to amino acids,carbohydrates,fatty acids,organic acids,and sterol metabolism were significantly revealed during this differential metabolomic profiling.Results convincingly suggest that metabolic profiles can contribute immensely in early diagnosis of the disease and understanding molecular mechanisms of disease progression for predicting novel drug targets for prophylactic and anaphylactic measures.

经消化内镜治疗胃十二指肠溃疡出血的临床效果评价

目的评价胃十二指肠溃疡出血经消化内镜治疗的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2020年2月至2023年2月漳州市第二医院收治的胃十二指肠溃疡出血患者100例,依据治疗方法不同分为两组,经消化内镜治疗组、常规性药物治疗组,每组各50例。统计分析两组临床指标、止血效果、止血时间、胃溃疡消化性溃疡出血的Forrest分级、呕血次数、黑便次数、临床疗效。结果经消化内镜治疗组患者的出血量、输血量均少于常规性药物治疗组;止血时间、住院时间均短于常规性药物治疗组;止血有效率高于常规性药物治疗组;再出血率、手术治疗率均低于常规性药物治疗组;止血时间<12 h的比例高于常规性药物治疗组,12~48 h、>48 h的比例均低于常规性药物治疗组。经消化内镜治疗组患者的治疗总有效率为94.00%(47/50),高于常规性药物治疗组的78.00%(39/50),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胃十二指肠溃疡出血经消化内镜治疗的临床效果较常规性药物治疗好。

Treatment of Peptic Ulcer with Xiao Jianzhong Tang—A Report of 80 Cases

With Xiao Jianzhong Tang (小建中汤), the author has successfully treated 80 cases of peptic ulcer. The therapeutic effects obtained were compared with that of the Western medicine. A report follows.

CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY ON 3441 CASES OF BENIGN AND MALIGNANT ULCERS——The National Cooperative Group for Pathological Study on the Canceration of Gastric Ulcer

Resected specimens of benign and malignant gastric ulcers from 3441 cases were studied and compared clinically and pathologically. Among them, 421 cases of malignant ulcer were found. The malignant ulcers differed notably from the ulcerated gastric carcinoma and showed many similarities to the benign chronic gastric ulcer (CGU). The most distinct feature of malignant ulcer was lack of cancerous infiltration and muscular residue in the scar tissue of ulcer base. The existence of this type of ulcer clinically and pathomophologically supports the viewpoint that CGU can undergo malignant change. The rate of malignant change of CGU in this study was 3. 48%.

基于King达标理论风险管理对胃溃疡合并胃出血患者的并发症及生活质量影响

目的 探讨基于King达标理论风险管理对胃溃疡合并胃出血患者的并发症及生活质量的影响。方法 选取2022年4月至2023年4月我院收治的80例胃溃疡合并胃出血患者,按随机数字表法将患者分为对照组、研究组,各40例,研究组采用基于King达标理论风险管理,对照组予以常规护理。对比两组患者护理前后焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分改善情况及并发症发生率。结果 护理后,研究组胃溃疡合并胃出血患者SAS、SDS等不良心理评分低于对照组(P <0.05),生活质量评分高于对照组(P <0.05),研究组并发症发生率低于对照组(P <0.05)。结论 基于King达标理论风险管理能有效降低胃溃疡合并胃出血患者的并发症发生率,提高生活质量,改善患者不良心理。

黄芪建中汤加味对脾胃虚寒型胃溃疡的影响

目的:探讨黄芪建中汤加味对脾胃虚寒型胃溃疡的影响。方法:选取2022年6月—2023年8月淄博市中医医院收治的76例脾胃虚寒型胃溃疡患者。随机将其分为对照组和观察组,各38例。对照组给予常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予黄芪建中汤加味治疗。比较两组治疗前后炎症因子、中医症候积分、氧化应激指标及临床疗效。结果:治疗后,两组白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)与肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平低于治疗前,观察组IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组丙二醛(MDA)低于治疗前,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)高于治疗前,观察组MDA低于对照组,SOD及GSH-Px均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组胃脘疼痛、胸胁满闷、食欲不振、嗳气吞酸及倦怠乏力评分均低于治疗前,观察组胃脘疼痛、胸胁满闷、食欲不振、嗳气吞酸及倦怠乏力评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组总有效率为94.74%,高于对照组的76.32%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在西药治疗基础上联合黄芪建中汤加味可有效减轻脾胃虚寒型胃溃疡患者的炎症反应,改善其氧化应激反应,改善其病情,提高治疗效果。

铋剂四联疗法联合针刺督脉背段压痛穴位治疗脾胃虚寒型Hp感染性胃溃疡疗效分析

目的分析铋剂四联疗法联合针刺督脉背段压痛穴位治疗脾胃虚寒型幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染性胃溃疡的临床疗效。方法选取2020年1月至2021年12月河南科技大学第一附属医院收治的80例脾胃虚寒型Hp感染性胃溃疡患者作为研究对象,按照不同治疗方法将其分为联合组(40例)与对照组(40例),联合组患者采用铋剂四联疗法联合针刺督脉背段压痛穴位治疗,对照组患者单纯采用铋剂四联疗法治疗,对比观察两组患者中医症候评分、溃疡长径、血清胃泌素(GAS)水平、Hp转阴率及临床疗效。结果治疗14 d后,联合组患者胃脘疼痛、食后腹胀、嗳气泛酸、恶心反胃评分以及血清GAS水平均明显低于对照组(t=6.910、6.318、7.140、9.345、8.819,P均<0.001),溃疡长径明显短于对照组(t=18.860,P<0.001);联合组患者Hp转阴率为87.5%,明显高于对照组患者的Hp转阴率67.5%(χ^(2)=4.588,P=0.032);联合组患者中显效26例、有效11例、无效3例,明显优于对照组患者的显效19例、有效10例、无效11例(Z=-1.997,P=0.046)。结论铋剂四联疗法联合针刺督脉背段压痛穴位治疗脾胃虚寒型Hp感染性胃溃疡,可明显降低GAS水平,提高Hp转阴率,改善患者脾胃虚寒症状,促进溃疡愈合。

胃康灵联合替普瑞酮治疗肝气犯胃型胃溃疡疗效分析

目的探讨胃康灵联合替普瑞酮治疗肝气犯胃型胃溃疡的临床疗效。方法选取2021年4月至2022年4月黄河三门峡医院收治的98例肝气犯胃型胃溃疡患者作为研究对象,按照不同治疗方法将其分为观察组(48例)与对照组(50例),观察组患者采用胃康灵联合替普瑞酮治疗,对照组患者单纯采用替普瑞酮治疗,对比观察两组患者血清胃肠激素与炎症因子水平以及临床疗效。结果治疗8周后,观察组患者血清胃泌素(GAS)、胃动素(MOT)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平均明显低于对照组(t=8845、2683、5194、3377,P<0001、P=0009、P<0001、P=0001);观察组患者中无效6例、有效4例、显效14例、痊愈24例,明显优于对照组患者的无效15例、有效8例、显效10例、痊愈17例(Z=-2314,P=0021)。结论与单纯应用替普瑞酮相比,胃康灵联合替普瑞酮更能明显改善肝气犯胃型胃溃疡患者胃肠激素以及炎症因子水平,疗效更显著,临床应用价值更高。

黄芪建中汤加味方联合常规西药治疗消化性溃疡脾胃虚寒证的效果分析

目的:黄芪建中汤加味方联合常规西药治疗消化性溃疡脾胃虚寒证的效果。方法:选取2019年12月—2021年12月莒南县中医医院收治的消化性溃疡脾胃虚寒证患者66例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组与研究组,各33例。对照组实施常规西药治疗,研究组在对照组基础上给予黄芪建中汤加味方。比较两组治疗效果。结果:研究组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.031)。治疗后,两组胃胀、畏寒肢冷、嗳气反酸、胃痛评分低于治疗前,且研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组生长抑素、胃动素水平高于治疗前,且研究组高于对照组,两组胃泌素水平低于治疗前,且研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组不良反应总发生率及复发率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:黄芪建中汤加味方联合常规西药治疗消化性溃疡脾胃虚寒证的效果显著,能够改善患者症状,调节胃肠激素水平,且安全性良好,复发率低。

黄芪建中汤联合西药“三联法”治疗脾胃虚寒型胃溃疡的临床效果观察

目的:观察黄芪建中汤联合西药“三联法”治疗脾胃虚寒型胃溃疡的临床效果。方法:选取2021年10月—2022年10月宣城中医院收治的80例脾胃虚寒型胃溃疡患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,各40例。对照组给予常规西药“三联法”治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予黄芪建中汤治疗。比较两组治疗效果。结果:观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.034)。治疗前,两组纳差、腹痛、乏力、便溏、嗳气评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组纳差、腹痛、乏力、便溏、嗳气评分低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组复发率低于对照组,幽门螺杆菌(Hp)清除率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:黄芪建中汤联合西药“三联法”治疗脾胃虚寒型胃溃疡的临床效果显著,可改善患者的临床症状,修复胃黏膜,提高Hp清除率,降低复发率。