Traditionally the global management system of an organization is frequently split into a number of individual management systems that are defined and implemented according to specific management systems standards (MSS...Traditionally the global management system of an organization is frequently split into a number of individual management systems that are defined and implemented according to specific management systems standards (MSSs) as well as managed independently. The individual implementation of MSSs is an option that leads to several inefficiencies and sub-optimization of the global management system of an organization. As referred by ISO [1] the interested parties’ requirements increase. A more effective and efficient option for an organization is to integrate, into an integrated management system (IMS), the implementation and management of requirements of multiple MSSs. Certain difficulties are associated to the structuring process, implementation, verification, evaluation, improvement and progressive development of an IMS in the organizations. Several scholars have proposed various theoretical approaches regarding the integration of individual management systems (MSs) leading to the conclusion that there is not a common practice for all organizations as they encompass different characteristics. This paper aims to present and justify a designed methodology to be used by organizations to support the integration of various MSs. Among them are highlighted: the Environmental Management System (EMS) according ISO 14001 [2], the Quality Management System (QMS) according ISO 9001 [3], and the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OH & SMS) according OHSAS 18001 [4]. The methodology was designed in the context of a Portuguese company, on sequence of an organizational diagnosis and a research that was performed through a questionnaire. The strategy and the research methods took into consideration the case study.展开更多
Retail stores are responsible for large energy consumption, which requires more intensified action to improve energy efficiency. Effective energy management can improve energy efficiency in retail stores. However, it...Retail stores are responsible for large energy consumption, which requires more intensified action to improve energy efficiency. Effective energy management can improve energy efficiency in retail stores. However, it is a challenge to implement energy management in retail stores due to different stakeholders’ roles and diverse store features. Literally, technical and management aspects of energy management have received much attention in research. However, limited studies systemically investigate internal and external factors and stakeholders’ involvement in the energy management of retail buildings. With multi-cases in the Philippines, this paper examines the energy profiles in retail stores and develops an assessment for energy management in retail stores. The assessment includes store features, internal and external stakeholders, climate, electricity price and grid condition, energy consumption, and management. The assessment can assist retail stores to develop their energy management plans with their store profile.展开更多
存储过程和触发器是数据库中的重要编程对象,在系统设计中可以提升数据库的性能。触发器是一种特殊的存储过程,主要用于实现比约束更复杂的功能,维护数据的完整性。文章利用SQL Server 2019数据库管理工具,以商超管理系统为例,研究存储...存储过程和触发器是数据库中的重要编程对象,在系统设计中可以提升数据库的性能。触发器是一种特殊的存储过程,主要用于实现比约束更复杂的功能,维护数据的完整性。文章利用SQL Server 2019数据库管理工具,以商超管理系统为例,研究存储过程和触发器在该系统中的应用,并结合实际案例,给出了存储过程和触发器在解决具体业务问题中的实现方法。展开更多
文摘Traditionally the global management system of an organization is frequently split into a number of individual management systems that are defined and implemented according to specific management systems standards (MSSs) as well as managed independently. The individual implementation of MSSs is an option that leads to several inefficiencies and sub-optimization of the global management system of an organization. As referred by ISO [1] the interested parties’ requirements increase. A more effective and efficient option for an organization is to integrate, into an integrated management system (IMS), the implementation and management of requirements of multiple MSSs. Certain difficulties are associated to the structuring process, implementation, verification, evaluation, improvement and progressive development of an IMS in the organizations. Several scholars have proposed various theoretical approaches regarding the integration of individual management systems (MSs) leading to the conclusion that there is not a common practice for all organizations as they encompass different characteristics. This paper aims to present and justify a designed methodology to be used by organizations to support the integration of various MSs. Among them are highlighted: the Environmental Management System (EMS) according ISO 14001 [2], the Quality Management System (QMS) according ISO 9001 [3], and the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OH & SMS) according OHSAS 18001 [4]. The methodology was designed in the context of a Portuguese company, on sequence of an organizational diagnosis and a research that was performed through a questionnaire. The strategy and the research methods took into consideration the case study.
文摘Retail stores are responsible for large energy consumption, which requires more intensified action to improve energy efficiency. Effective energy management can improve energy efficiency in retail stores. However, it is a challenge to implement energy management in retail stores due to different stakeholders’ roles and diverse store features. Literally, technical and management aspects of energy management have received much attention in research. However, limited studies systemically investigate internal and external factors and stakeholders’ involvement in the energy management of retail buildings. With multi-cases in the Philippines, this paper examines the energy profiles in retail stores and develops an assessment for energy management in retail stores. The assessment includes store features, internal and external stakeholders, climate, electricity price and grid condition, energy consumption, and management. The assessment can assist retail stores to develop their energy management plans with their store profile.
文摘存储过程和触发器是数据库中的重要编程对象,在系统设计中可以提升数据库的性能。触发器是一种特殊的存储过程,主要用于实现比约束更复杂的功能,维护数据的完整性。文章利用SQL Server 2019数据库管理工具,以商超管理系统为例,研究存储过程和触发器在该系统中的应用,并结合实际案例,给出了存储过程和触发器在解决具体业务问题中的实现方法。
