Postprocessor development for ultrasonic cutting of honeycomb core curved surface with a straight blade

When ultrasonically cutting honeycomb core curved parts,the tool face of the straight blade must be along the curved surface’s tangent direction at all times to ensure high-quality machining of the curved surface.However,given that the straight blade is a nonstandard tool,the existing computer-aided manufacturing technology cannot directly realize the above action requirement.To solve this problem,this paper proposed an algorithm for extracting a straight blade real-time tool face vector from a 5-axis milling automatically programmed tool location file,which can realize the tool location point and tool axis vector conversion from the flat end mill to the straight blade.At the same time,for the multi-solution problem of the rotation axis,the dependent axis rotation minimization algorithm was introduced,and the spindle rotation algorithm was proposed for the tool edge orientation problem when the straight blade is used to machine the curved part.Finally,on the basis of the MATLAB platform,the dependent axis rotation minimization algorithm and spindle rotation algorithm were integrated and compiled,and the straight blade ultrasonic cutting honeycomb core postprocessor was then developed.The model of the machine tool and the definition of the straight blade were conducted in the VERICUT simulation software,and the simulation machining of the equivalent entity of the honeycomb core can then be realized.The correctness of the numerical control program generated by the postprocessor was verified by machining and accuracy testing of the two designed features.Observation and analysis of the simulation and experiment indicate that the tool pose is the same under each working condition,and the workpieces obtained by machining also meet the corresponding accuracy requirements.Therefore,the postprocessor developed in this paper can be well adapted to the honeycomb core ultrasonic cutting machine tool and realize high-quality and high-efficient machining of honeycomb core composites.

Effect of blade pitch angle on aerodynamic performance of straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbine

Wind energy is one of the most promising renewable energy sources, straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbine(S-VAWT) appears to be particularly promising for the shortage of fossil fuel reserves owing to its distinct advantages, but suffers from poor self-starting and low power coefficient. Variable-pitch method was recognized as an attractive solution to performance improvement, thus majority efforts had been devoted into blade pitch angle effect on aerodynamic performance. Taken into account the local flow field of S-VAWT, mathematical model was built to analyze the relationship between power outputs and pitch angle. Numerical simulations on static and dynamic performances of blade were carried out and optimized pitch angle along the rotor were presented. Comparative analyses of fixed pitch and variable-pitch S-VAWT were conducted, and a considerable improvement of the performance was obtained by the optimized blade pitch angle, in particular, a relative increase of the power coefficient by more than 19.3%. It is further demonstrated that the self-starting is greatly improved with the optimized blade pitch angle.

Blade pitch control of straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbine

Collective pitch control and individual pitch control algorithms were present for straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbine to improve the self-starting capacity.Comparative analysis of straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbine(SB-VAWT) with or without pitch control was conducted from the aspects of aerodynamic force,flow structure and power coefficient.The computational fluid dynamics(CFD) prediction results show a significant increase in power coefficient for SB-VAWT with pitch control.According to the aerodynamic forces and total torque coefficient obtained at various tip speed ratios(TSRs),the results indicate that the blade pitch method can increase the power output and decrease the deformation of blade;especially,the total torque coefficient of blade pitch control at TSR 1.5 is about 2.5 times larger than that of fixed pitch case.Furthermore,experiment was carried out to verify the feasibility of pitch control methods.The results show that the present collective pitch control and individual pitch control methods can improve the self-starting capacity of SB-VAWT,and the former is much better and its proper operating TSRs ranges from 0.4 to 0.6.

Numerical investigation on the flow and power of small-sized multi-bladed straight Darrieus wind turbine

Straight Darrieus wind turbine has attractive characteristics such as the ability to accept wind from random direction and easy installation and maintenance. But its aerodynamic performance is very complicated,especially for the existence of dynamic stall. How to get better aerodynamic performance arouses lots of interests in the design procedure of a straight Darrieus wind turbine. In this paper,mainly the effects of number of blades and tip speed ratio are discussed. Based on the numerical investigation,an assumed asymmetric straight Darrieus wind turbine is proposed to improve the averaged power coefficient. As to the numerical method,the flow around the turbine is simulated by solving the 2D unsteady Navier-Stokes equation combined with continuous equation. The time marching method on a body-fitted coordinate system based on MAC (Marker-and-Cell) method is used. O-type grid is generated for the whole calculation domain. The characteristics of tangential and normal force are discussed related with dynamic stall of the blade. Averaged power coefficient per period of rotating is calculated to evaluate the eligibility of the turbine.

A wind tunnel experiment of self-starting capability for straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbine

In this study,wind tunnel experiment was carried out to investigate the self-staring capability for straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbine.The flow visualization also was been performed at the rest of the rotor.The effect of the azimuthal angle of blade position relative to wind direction on the self-starting capability was discussed based on the results of flow visualization.The torque and centripetal force of the rotor when the self-starting behavior starts were roughly calculated with the flow visualization results of the rotor.It is suggested that there exists the condition of wind speed and configuration of the blade position of the rotor at the rest of rotor to the reach to situational rotation number.

Wind Tunnel Test and Numerical Computation on Ice Accretion on Blade Airfoil for Straight-bladed VAWT

To invest the condition of ice accretion on the blade used for straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbine (SB-VAWT), wind tunnel tests were carried out on a blade with NACA0015 airfoil by using a small simple icing wind tunnel. Tests were carried out at some typical attack angles under different wind speeds and flow discharges of a water spray with wind. The icing shape and area on blade surface were recorded and measured. Then the numerical computation was carried out to calculate the lift and drag coefficients of the blade before and after ice accretion according to the experiment result, the effect of icing on the aerodynamic characteristics of blade were discussed.

翼型与弦长对直线翼垂直轴风力机起动性能影响的数值模拟

为了探究翼型与弦长对直线翼垂直轴风力机起动性能的影响,选择了NACA0018、NACA0026、S809以及S1046四种翼型,40mm、60mm和80mm三种叶片弦长进行研究,其中S809翼型采用正装和反装两种方式。对不同条件下风力机的静态力矩性能以及转速性能进行数值模拟研究。静态力矩性能研究表明,随着叶片弦长的增大,风力机平均静态力矩增大。通过对比不同翼型的结果发现:NACA0026翼型平均静态力矩系数最大且达到稳定时间最短,S809翼型起动性能最差且反装时平均静态力矩系数最小,SI046翼型稳定转速最高。转速性能研究表明,叶片弦长的增大会增大叶片的质量,进而增大转动惯量,使得风力机的起动性能降低。本研究将对直线翼垂直轴风力机的设计提供有益的参考。

轴面流道类型对径向直叶片水轮机的性能影响

针对径向直叶片水轮机轴面流道做混流式和全径向式布置时对性能的影响进行研究。首先建立径向直叶片水轮机的理论模型,然后基于两种不同类型的轴面流道进行转轮设计,最后通过数值仿真对其外特性和内部流场进行分析对比。研究表明,两种方案均能适应超小流量和较宽的水头变化范围,采用混流式流道方案时最优数值预测效率为81.4%,较全径向式流道方案偏大1.8%,并具有较高的过流能力。经试验检验混流式流道方案的最优效率约74.2%,基本满足超小流量余能回收的需要。研究成果为超小流量余能回收水轮机的设计提供参考。

具有导流板直线翼垂直轴风力机气动特性分析

为了改善直线翼垂直轴风力机的气动特性,通过在风力机外部安装平板型导流板,用以改变来流方向,改善叶片周围流动情况,从而提升风力机的气动特性.以采用NACA0018翼型的4叶片小型直线翼垂直轴风力机为对象,在风力机外部均匀安装了6枚平板型导流板,采用二次正交旋转设计方法,对导流板的宽度、角度和与风力机距离进行研究.以平均静态力矩为指标,通过数值模拟研究得到一组最优的导流板结构参数,并对静态流场进行了分析.根据数值模拟得到的最优导流板结构参数,制作了导流板及风力机模型,进行了风洞试验.结果表明:导流板的安装有效提升了直线翼垂直轴风力机的启动性能和气动性能.在10 m/s风速下,与无导流板的风力机相比,有导流板的风力机最大静力矩系数提升了35.6%,功率系数提升了39.5%.结论可为采用导流板来提升风力机性能的研究提供有益的参考.

某大型综合资源调查船直叶桨推进器基座安装工艺研究

直叶桨推进器结构较大、安装精度高,其基座加工和安装是整个推进器最核心的工序。本文通过改装加工铣床、改进加工工艺、利用高差法等先进的工艺技术,实现直叶桨基座平面度达到0.1mm等安装技术要求,对直叶桨推进器等大型船舶设备的加工和安装具有一定的指导意义。

浅析TMEIC激光焊机双切剪调整机构原理

对TMEIC激光焊机双切剪剪刃间隙调整机构进行分析,并对双切剪机构结构原理和剪切质量提升进行了解析,认为影响双切剪剪切质量的关键因素是剪切断面直线度和剪刃间隙调整。通过提高剪切精度,可以降低焊缝断带率。

条带式旋切后抛防堵装置设计与试验

针对我国华北平原一年两熟区玉米秸秆覆盖地小麦少免耕播种机易堵塞、动力防堵装置功耗大等问题,设计了一种条带式旋切后抛防堵装置。结合防堵装置工作原理,从秸秆流动、抛撒、防堵装置受力角度分析确定影响防堵性能和功耗的关键因素为:防堵装置与开沟器间距、旋切刀滑切角、刀轴转速;通过离散元模拟仿真与正交试验有限元仿真结合,以秸秆拥堵量和作业功耗为性能评价指标,对防堵单体和开沟器的组合装置进行参数优化,仿真结果表明,旋切刀滑切角为50°、刀轴转速为320 r/min、间距为100 mm时综合作业质量较优,防堵单体及开沟器功耗为2.8 k W,秸秆拥堵量为43根/dm,通过性能良好;对优选方案旋切刀进行有限元校核,其最大应力为1.387×108Pa,满足强度要求。在玉米秸秆覆盖地进行了小麦播种田间试验,结果表明,条带式旋切后抛防堵装置在3种秸秆覆盖量0.8、1.6、2.4 kg/m2和3种前进速度1、1.25、1.5 m/s作业条件下,通过性能均满足免耕施肥播种机国标要求,所设计旋切刀与传统旋耕刀相比,在通过性能基本一致的情况下,功耗减小13.83%,土壤扰动量减小37.5个百分点,沟深稳定性系数提高8.2个百分点。

直线翼垂直轴风力机气动特性研究综述

直线翼垂直轴风力机是当前升力型垂直轴风力机的典型代表,凭借着无需对风、结构简单、造型独特等优点在中小型风能利用领域受到越来越多的关注。但由于其气动特性复杂,且研究时间相对较短,尚有许多问题需要研究,还有很广阔的发展空间。本文以直线翼垂直轴风力机的气动特性研究为对象,介绍了风力机气动特性研究历程、研究现状、主要工作原理,及气动特性分析理论、常用的研究方法,尤其是对如何改善直线翼垂直轴风力机在低风速下的起动特性问题和高转速下的气动特性发挥问题的国内外研究进展进行了分析和总结,并对今后的研究趋势进行了展望。

设计参数对直叶片垂直轴风力机功率系数的影响

基于多流管、双向多流管理论模型,利用MATLAB编程计算垂直轴风力机的功率系数并与实验值进行对比.研究表明:双向多流管理论模型更适合于垂直轴风力机的设计.以此为基础研究尖速比和实度对直叶片垂直轴风力机功率系数的影响,计算显示:尖速比增加,功率系数先增大后减小,近似成抛物线变化;实度增加,功率系数(效率)先增大后减小,最高效率位置向低尖速比区漂移,高效区范围变小.

潮流水轮机导流罩的水动力设计

为了提高潮流水轮机的效率,参照风力机扩散器原理设计了一种适用于竖轴直叶片水轮机的导流罩.主要考虑潮流工作流场对称性的特点,提出了二大类型6种导流罩设计模型方案;应用F luent软件进行水动力性能计算,确定流速大,阻力小的S3为最优型线;在导流罩出口位置增加对称的扩张门,可以进一步提高导流罩内流场的流速和稳定性;模型实验验证了S3型导流罩设计模型的有效性,加导流罩后轮机功率系数曲线整体上升,峰值可提高39%.该设计研究为导流增强型潮流水轮机的研究和实践提供了理论基础.

实度对直叶片垂直轴风力机风轮气动性能的影响分析

实度是直叶片垂直轴风力机设计的关键参数,对风力机气动性能起主导作用。分析并建立了垂直轴风力机局部流场下的力学模型,研究实度与气动性能的关系;对风力机进行了数值模拟,分析了叶片的动态力学特性,并重点研究风轮半径、弦长及叶片数量对风能利用率的影响;进行了样机实验验证了数值模拟的精度与可靠性。研究发现:实度增加,风力机在低尖速比下的启动特性得到改善,但产生高风能利用率的有效尖速比范围变小;样机实度为0.628时,2叶片和4叶片风轮的输出功率相当,但4叶片风轮的输出功率比2叶片风轮更稳定;实度参数对风能利用率贡献不同,弦长变化可提高风能利用率的峰值,而叶片数量的增加会降低风能利用率的峰值。

树枝直刃剪切数学模型与试验

【目的】基于材料力学和弹性地基梁理论对直刃刀片剪切树枝过程进行理论建模,并根据该模型计算出直刃刀片剪切树枝所受的剪切力。【方法】以石硖品种龙眼树枝为试验材料,利用万能材料试验机和摩擦试验台等仪器测定龙眼树枝的相关力学特性参数和滑动摩擦因数,测量并用模型计算树枝不同含水率(w)、直径和不同刀片刃角下动刀片剪切龙眼树枝的峰值剪切力,剪切试验所用刀具的刃角分别为10°、20°和30°。【结果】当树枝直径为20.4 mm、相对含水率为76%、刀片刃角为20°时,刀片剪切力理论计算曲线与试验曲线趋势一致,峰值剪切力的误差约为2.3%;当树枝直径为15.3 mm,刀片刃角为20°,且树枝含水率大于纤维饱和点(30%)时,刀片峰值剪切力随含水率升高而增大,计算值在试验值的误差范围内;当树枝直径为24.6 mm、含水率为76%,且刀片刃角从10°增大到30°时,峰值剪切力显著增大,计算值处于试验值的误差范围内。【结论】该理论模型可用于预测剪切力并分析不同力学参数对峰值剪切力的影响,为修剪机具剪切机构的设计和优化提供参考。

组合型垂直轴风力机气动特性的模拟计算与实验研究

为改善直线翼垂直轴风力机在低风速下的起动性,设计一种以Savonius风轮作为起动机与直线翼垂直轴风力机相组合构成的组合型垂直轴风力机。首先采用空气动力学原理和风洞实验经验结果设计开发垂直轴风力机空气动力特性计算软件,并进行风力机性能模拟计算,然后利用风洞实验测试组合型风力机和单独型直线翼垂直轴风力机的力矩和功率特性。将实验结果与采用气动模拟计算出的风力机气动特性结果进行对比分析,结果表明组合型风力机可在较低风速起动,可改善直线翼风力机起动特性,且最大功率系数有一定提高。但在高风速下,在风速大于8.0m/s时,组合型风力机的功率特性开始降低,特别是10.4m/s以后,阻力风轮对风力机的功率输出产生一定影响。

直线翼垂直轴风力机静态叶片结冰的观测与分析

设计制作了采用NACA0015翼型的直线翼垂直轴风力机叶片,安装于寒冷地区的室外。冬季,对雨雪等在静止叶片表面的附着情况进行了现场观测。将获得到的叶片表面结霜和结冰(霜状冰和瘤状冰)的观测结果与温度、湿度、风速和风向等气象条件进行了对比分析,研究了静止叶片表面结霜和结冰的产生机理与气象条件的影响关系。针对翼型表面瘤状结冰情况下翼型改变前后的静态升阻力系数进行了数值模拟计算,分析了翼型改变对升阻力特性和静态特性的影响。

钻具稳定器结构对复合钻井导向力的影响

单弯螺杆钻具+PDC钻头复合钻井已广泛在钻井提速和井眼轨迹控制作业中应用,对该类钻具组合导向力分析也有成熟的方法,但常常忽略螺杆稳定器结构的影响。为此,基于油气田现场作业应用的直棱和螺旋棱稳定器结构,讨论了螺杆稳定器外径和支点位置变化对钻具导向力的影响,建立了稳定器实际偏心距计算模型,提出了考虑螺杆稳定器结构影响的钻具复合钻井导向力分析方法。通过对单弯螺杆单稳定器钻具组合、单弯螺杆双稳定器钻具组合复合钻井导向力的分析,结果发现:①忽略螺杆稳定器结构的复合钻井导向力分析方法计算结果与钻具导向合力差别较大;②直棱稳定器由于棱槽包角的存在,等效外径周期性变化使得钻具组合导向力发生周期性增加或降低,变化幅度最高达50%,影响钻具导向稳定性能和疲劳寿命。进而提出建议:①计算复合钻井导向力时应采用考虑螺杆稳定器结构影响的钻具复合钻井导向力分析方法;②现场复合钻井时选用带棱槽包角为零的螺旋式稳定器或选用带棱槽包角小的直棱稳定器的螺杆钻具。