A Visco-hyperelastic Constitutive Model for Rubber Considering the Strain Level and One Case Study in the Sealing Packer

The rubber cylinder is a key component for maintaining the sealing pressure of the packer,particularly in deep underground wells.The stress relaxation of materials,as a typical feature of viscoelasticity,has become one of the main factors causing the failure of rubber cylinders in service.In the present study,a visco-hyperelastic model for the sealing rubber considering different strain levels is proposed based on the Prony series.Subsequently,the uniaxial compression stress relaxation experiments are conducted on the sealing rubber under different temperatures and strain levels,and the model parameters are thereby identified.As a case study,the proposed model is incorporated into the ABAQUS software via the UM AT subroutine,and the finite element simulation of the sealing packer is carried out.The results show that the sealing performance of the packer improves with a decrease in temperature or an increase in strain level.It is also noted that a large strain level can lead to the protrusion of the shoulder of the rubber cylinder.

Co-seismic changes of well water level and volume strain meter in capital area and its vicinity,due to the Nov.14,2001 Ms8.1 Kunlun Mountain earthquake,China

The Kunlunshan Mountain Ms8.1 earthquake, occurred in Nov.14, 2001, is the first event with magnitude more than 8 in the China earthquake monitoring history, specifically at the beginning of digital techniques in precursor monitoring networks. Any investigation of recorded data on this earthquake is very important for testing the operation of the digital monitoring networks and understanding the preparation, occurrence, and adjustment of stress/strain of strong continental earthquakes. In this paper we investigated the coseismic response changes of well water level of groundwater and volume strain meter of bore hole in digital earthquake monitoring network of Capital area and its vicinity, due to the Nov.14, 2001 Ms8.1 Kunlun Mountain earthquake. The responding time, shapes or manners, amplitudes, and lasting time of well water level and strain-meters to seismic wave are studied in comparison. Then we discussed the possibility that the response changes of groundwater to strong distant earthquakes can be understood as one kind of observing evidence of stress/strain changes induced by distant earthquake.

Effect of Attenuated Highly Pathogenic Pig Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome(HP-PRRS) TJM-F92 Strain Vaccine on Immune Antibody Levels against Classical Swine Fever(CSF) and Foot-and-Mouth Disease(FMD)

Effects of attenuated highly pathogenic pig reproductive and respiratory syndrome（HP-PRRS）TJM-F92 strain vaccine on immune antibody level against classical swine fever（CSF）and foot-and-mouth disease（FMD）were studied from October 8 to November 12 in 2014,in order to optimize vaccination program of CSF,HP-PRRS and FMD and to provide scientific guidance for animal disease control and prevention work.The results showed that attenuated HP-PRRS（TJMF92 strain）vaccine had no significant effect on immune antibody level of hog cholera lapinized virus（HCLV,ST passage cell vaccine）attenuated vaccine and FMD-O inactivated vaccines（OZK/93 strain）,and single or combined use of three vaccines received good immunization effects.

Genetic and Functional Differences of Escherichia coli Strains from Colorectal Cancer Mucosal Tissues

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third leading cancer globally.Metagenomics has been widely used to analyze the association between the gut microbiota and CRC based on bacterial genus-or species-level comparisons,providing evidence of dysbiosis in CRC development.However,this kind of analysis is unable to provide strain-level information for understanding the individual role of a species in CRC.Here,we used culturomics to isolate CRC mucosal samples and selected 158 Escherichia coli strains to reveal their differences in both genomics and functions by means of phylogenetic analysis and inflammatory induction based on cell and animal experiments.Through genomic comparison,these strains were divided into five phylogroups.The representative strains of each phylogroup significantly induced different levels of cytokine secretion by human leukemic monocyte(THP-1 cell)-based Transwell and animal experiments.Further bioinformatic analysis revealed different profiles of single-nucleotide polymorphisms,genes,and metabolic pathways in the different phylogroups,which can improve the current understanding of the phenotypic differences between these strains.The strain differences revealed in both genomics and functions indicate that the microbiota’s function at the strain level should be investigated in order to understand the interacting mechanisms between hosts and gut bacteria.

Experiment Study and Interpretation on Relation between Modulus of Rock and Strain Amplitude

Nonlinear elastidty of the earth medium produces a numerical difference between the dynamic and the static modulus of rock. The dynamic modulus is calculated with the ultrasonic velocity measurement, the small-cycle modulus is calculated with small cycles in the load-unload experiment, the static modulus is calculated from the slope of the stress-strain curve in the large cycle, the Young＇ s modulus is obtained from the ratio of stress to strain in the measured point. The relationship between the modulus and the strain amplitudes is studied by changing the strain amplitude in the small cycles. The moduli obtained from different measuring methods are thus compared. The result shows that the dynamic modulus is the largest, the small-cycle modulus takes the second place, the static modulus of bigger-cycle is the third, and finally the Young＇s modulus is the smallest. Nonlinear modulus of rock is a function of the strain level and strain amplitude. The modulus decreases exponentially with the ascending of the strain amplitude, while increases with the ascending of the strain level. Finally, the basic concept of the P-M model is briefly introduced and the relationship between the modulus and strain amplitude is explained by the rock having different distribution densities and the different openand-close stresses of the micro-cracks.

Research on Deformation Mode of the Longmenshan-Longriba Region Using GPS and Leveling Data

The Longmenshan-Longriba region is located on the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, and is an ideal place to study the eastward extrusion and uplift mechanism of the plateau. Previous studies on this area mainly focused on tectonic activity and seismic hazard, with few studies giving its overall deformation characteristics and dynamic mechanism. This paper uses the latest dense GPS data, combined with precise Leveling data to analyze the kinematic characteristics and deformation mode of the Longmenshan fault zone (LMSF) and the Longriba fault zone (LRBF). The results show that both the Longmenshan fault zone and the Longriba fault zone have certain right-lateral strike-slip and thrusting, indicating that they play an important role in adjusting strain distribution and absorbing tectonic deformation;The strain-rate field on the Longriba fault zone is broadly distributed, suggesting that the deformation field is at least partially coupled;while the strain-rate field on the Longmenshan fault zone presents a non-uniform distribution, indicating different dynamic sources acting on segments. The high strain rate areas revealed in this study points us to the high-risk area for future earthquakes. The present-day vertical motion velocity field in the region obtained from Leveling and GPS data shows a mismatch between the regional deformation field and active tectonics, which can be explained by the incomplete coupling of deformation between the lower and upper crust.

Impact of GaNAs strain compensation layer on the electronic structure of InAs/GaAs quantum dots

The strain and electron energy levels of InAs/GaAs（001） quantum dots （QDs） with a GaNAs strain compensation layer （SCL） are investigated. The results show that both the hydrostatic and biaxiai strain inside the QDs with a GaNAs SCL are reduced compared with those with GaAs capping layers. Moreover, most of the compressive strain in the growth surface is compensated by the tensile strain of the GaNAs SCL, which implies that the influence of the strain environment of underlying QDs upon the next-layer QDs＇ growth surface is weak and suggests that the homogeneity and density of QDs can be improved. Our results are consistent with the published experimental literature. A GaNAs SCL is shown to influence the strain and band edge. As is known, the strain and the band offset affect the electronic structure, which shows that the SCL is proved to be useful to tailor the emission wavelength of QDs. Our research helps to better understand how the strain compensation technology can be applied to the growth of stacked QDs, which are useful in solar cells and laser devices.

The Controlling of Deformation Basing on Strain Partitioning Model: Case Study to Gafsa Basin (Southern Tunisian Atlas)

One of the principal parameters to study the tectonics deformation is the relation between the shortening axis and the direction of preexistent principal fault. It is important to verify this parameter in the belts structures. The aim of this contribution is to check this notion in the Atlassic structures, especially in the southern limit of Tunisian Atlas: Gafsa fault. The strain partitioning model proposed in the interpretation of geodynamics of Gafsa chains suggests the coexistence of thrusting and strike-slip faults during the same tectonics phase. The application of this model requires a particular geometry between the shortening axis and the direction of fault, and indeed the obliquity of preexistent faults by the reported shortening axis interprets us a transpressive context. The slickenside examination shows the coexistence of thrusting and strike-slip faults. The application of model of strain partitioning requires a decollement level which is confirmed in the Gafsa basin by the upper level of Triassic series. These parameters confirm a particular relation thin and thick-skinned and the maximum of deformation is cover, although the basement structures permeate simple passive transport of the deformation along the Triassic decollement level. These problems confirm the assumption of the evolution of the shortening axis during geological events and especially the rotation of Africa and Eurasia.

鼠李糖乳杆菌HN001菌株水平快速定量方法的建立及应用

目的应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction,qPCR),建立鼠李糖乳杆菌HN001菌株水平的快速定量检测方法。方法通过比对鼠李糖乳杆菌HN001的近缘菌株的基因组,筛选出鼠李糖乳杆菌HN001菌株水平的特异基因,以菌株水平的特异基因为靶标设计引物及探针,优化反应体系和条件,建立鼠李糖乳杆菌HN001株水平的qPCR检测方法。对方法的特异性、灵敏度、检出限进行验证,并采用已建立的qPCR方法进行模拟添加样品和实际样品的检测。结果所建立的方法特异性强,与近缘菌株无交叉反应,鼠李糖乳杆菌HN001纯培养液检出限为10^(2)CFU/mL,灵敏度可达到650 copies/μL,可在2 h内完成样品检测。对模拟添加样品以及实际样品检测中qPCR和平板计数法结果的对数值进行显著性分析检验,两种方法的测定值结果均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论本研究建立的qPCR检测方法可有效应用于益生菌产品中鼠李糖乳杆菌HN001菌株水平定量检测,具有快速、灵敏、准确的特点。

一类具有时变系数源项和应变项的半线性四阶波动方程解的高能爆破现象

本文侧重研究一类具有时变系数源项和非线性应变项的半线性四阶波动方程Dirichlet及Navier初边值问题.利用非稳定集的不变性、反证法技巧及凹性引理,给出任意正初始能量级E(0)>0下解的有限时刻爆破结果.

不同卸荷水平下饱和红砂岩三轴压缩破坏及能量演化特征

为保证水下红砂岩地层隧道的安全施工,避免开挖区突水、失稳等工程事故的发生。以赣州蓉江四路过江隧道工程为依托,对饱和状态下的泥质红砂围岩开展初始卸荷水平为60%、70%、80%和100%(无卸荷)的三轴压缩对比试验,分析不同初始卸荷水平下三轴压缩力学特性变化规律,并结合扫描电镜,对试验后岩样的宏细观破坏特征进行对比分析。基于能量耗散原理,对不同初始卸荷水平下饱和泥质红砂岩试样的能量关系进行拟合,揭示卸荷过程中的破坏特征与能量演化之间的规律。研究结果表明:无卸荷三轴压缩破坏时的峰值偏应力远高于初始卸荷水平为60%、70%、80%时的峰值偏应力,随着初始卸荷水平的提高,饱和泥质红砂岩的峰值偏应力在增加,偏应力增加值在减少,环向变形减小,卸荷所导致的岩样扩容时间会更短,岩样内部的裂隙及黏结颗粒碎屑和表面的破裂纹路增多并发生贯通,且受张拉破坏越明显。在卸荷条件下,三轴压缩达到屈服阶段后,岩样裂隙快速发展,弹性应变能增加缓慢,耗散能急剧增加,破坏阶段时,岩样内部存储的弹性应变能达到存储极限并瞬间释放,产生更多的裂隙。随着初始卸荷水平的提高,峰值偏应力对应的总应变能、弹性应变能及耗散能均呈现先减小后增大的趋势。研究结果可为红砂岩分布地区的水下隧道开挖及建设提供一定的理论参考。

不同跑步速度对大鼠股骨皮质骨组织失效应变的影响

目的 预测皮质骨组织失效应变,探究不同跑步速度对大鼠股骨皮质骨力学性能的影响。方法 设定皮质骨材料失效应变阈值,针对大鼠股骨有限元模型进行三点弯曲下的断裂模拟,将每次预测所得载荷-位移曲线与同一样本实验曲线进行比较拟合,以此反演预测组织失效应变。结果 皮质骨组织失效应变在不同跑步速度下存在显著差异,说明不同跑步速度对皮质骨结构微观力学性能产生一定影响。其中组织失效应变在以12 m/min速度跑步中最大,在以20 m/min速度跑步中最小。结论 通过观测组织失效应变变化趋势,并结合皮质骨结构的宏观断裂载荷与纳观组织弹性模量变化趋势,探讨不同跑步速度对皮质骨结构力学性能的综合影响,并找到有利于提升皮质骨力学性能的跑步速度,为通过跑步锻炼提高骨强度提供理论依据。

弯曲应变下六角晶格量子反铁磁体的赝朗道能级

利用线性自旋波理论和量子蒙特卡罗方法研究了弯曲应变下六角晶格量子反铁磁体的赝朗道能级.通过线性自旋波理论,发现磁赝朗道能级出现在磁子能谱的高能端,其能级间距与能级指数的平方根成正比.线性自旋波理论和量子蒙特卡罗方法都显示,尺寸相同时随着应变强度的逐渐增加,局域磁化强度逐渐减弱,应变强度相同的条件下反铁磁序在y方向上连续减弱,因为上边界处的海森伯链解耦为孤立的垂直链,导致上边界附近的磁序被破坏.量子蒙特卡罗方法提供了更精确的反铁磁序演化:在特定应变强度下上边界处垂直关联不变,水平关联增加,从而影响磁化强度,使局域磁化在上边界处呈上翘趋势.研究结果有助于理解弯曲应变对自旋激发的影响,并可能在二维量子磁性材料实验中得以实现.

温泉体应变观测数据不同频段影响因素及特征

定点形变观测值序列包含的信息有来自地球内部的应力积累和来自地球外部的因素影响,数学物理内涵丰富。基于形变测值序列综合性与可分性的特点,将温泉体应变、气温、水位、气压进行频域分析,然后将时间序列值分解,研究温泉体应变不同频段的影响因素,结果表明:(1)气压对温泉体应变的影响主要有2~4小时和1~2个月之间的月波两个频段;(2)水位为温泉体应变年周期频段的主要影响因素,且它们之间的相位差约为29天;(3)固体潮为影响温泉体应变半日波、日波频段的主要因素。

一类具有对数源项和应变项的半线性四阶波动方程解的高能爆破现象

本文侧重研究一类具有对数源项和非线性应变项的半线性四阶波动方程Dirichlet和Navier初边值问题。利用非稳定集的不变性、反证法技巧及凹性引理,给出了任意正初始能量级E(0)>0下解的高能爆破结果。

基于改进尖点突变级数法的高温环境下人体生理状态综合评价

热应激会降低工作效率并导致热相关疾病。为了量化高温环境下环卫工人的热应激水平,建立一个生理状态安全评价指标(physiological state safety evaluation index,PSEI)。首先,引入尖点突变理论分析不同热环境下人体生理状态变化趋势。其次,基于信息熵和变权理论计算生理指标的权重,并利用尖点突变级数法建立人体生理状态评价体系。最后,提出新评价指标PSEI以量化生理状态安全水平,并在此基础上确定PSEI的安全等级。结果表明:在不同环境条件和生理状态下,生理指标的权重是变化的;平均皮肤温度、耳膜温度、收缩压和心率的权重范围分别为0.09~0.64、0.08~0.41、0.07~0.74和0.06~0.33;PSEI的安全等级为:非常安全(0.948,1]、相对安全(0.886,0.948]、中等(0.798,0.886]、相对危险(0.649,0.798]和非常危险[0,0.649]。PSEI可为高温环境下环卫工人提供实时的生理状态安全评估和健康预警。

受力模式对沥青混合料动态模量的影响

采用不同受力模式对3种沥青混合料进行动态模量试验,分析了受力模式、围压、应变水平等因素对沥青混合料动态模量主曲线的影响,通过Fillers-Moonan-Tschoegl模型和改进Sigmoidal模型建立了沥青混合料移位因子-围压和动态模量-围压之间的函数关系式.结果表明:二次拟合可以消除沥青混合料动态模量主曲线上动态模量极值对移位因子计算模式的依赖;在相同换算频率时,沥青混合料单轴压缩、间接拉伸和四点弯曲动态模量有差别,在低温高频段更明显,但三者之间存在较好的线性关系;在高温低频段,围压对沥青混合料三轴压缩动态模量的影响较显著;沥青混合料四点弯曲动态模量对应变水平变化较为敏感.

城市生活垃圾抗剪强度与填埋龄期关系的试验研究

为了获得扩建垃圾堆体稳定分析所必需的抗剪强度参数,通过现场钻孔取样,利用改装的三轴压缩剪切仪,进行了不同填埋龄期垃圾原状样的室内三轴固结排水试验,着重研究填埋龄期对垃圾抗剪强度的影响规律。试验结果表明:垃圾土抗剪强度参数不仅与破坏应变取值相关,而且与填埋龄期之间有较好的规律性。随着填埋龄期的增加,垃圾中加筋成分(塑料及纤维等)减少,而渣土成分显著增加,导致其凝聚力随龄期增加而减小,而摩擦角随龄期增加而变大。可见,进行垃圾堆体稳定分析时,不仅要选择合适的破坏应变水平,也要根据填埋龄期分层取抗剪强度参数值。

SAC13沥青混合料动态模量梯形梁试验研究

选用70~#基质沥青和SBS改性沥青设计了两种SAC13沥青混合料,使用梯形梁试验方法进行了动态模量试验研究,考察了沥青材料和荷载水平对动态模量及相位角的影响。基于时温等效原理,计算了主曲线移位因子,绘制了动态模量和相位角主曲线,分析了沥青混合料的动态力学性能和黏弹性能;利用非线性数值回归得到了动态模量三维主曲面。结果表明:主曲线能够较为全面地反映沥青混合料的动力学性能,通过改善沥青材料性能可以提高沥青混合料的路用性能;在两点加载模式下,随着应变水平的增加,动态模量减小,相位角增大;应变水平对动态模量和相位角的影响并非恒定,在高温(低频)时,应变水平的影响更加显著;超载会显著加速路面损坏,不仅仅因为荷载超过了路面承载力,而且因为荷载水平的增加降低了路面结构本身的力学性能。

乳化沥青冷再生混合料疲劳性能研究

采用目前工程上常用的两档沥青路面铣刨旧料对RAP掺量为80%和100%的乳化沥青冷再生混合料进行材料组成设计。通过击实试验和劈裂试验分别确定其最佳流体含量和最佳乳化量用量。在配合比设计基础上采用控制应变加载模式对乳化沥青冷再生混合料疲劳性能进行试验研究,确定了加载较为合理的应变水平,即300,250,200με和150με。试验结果表明,在应变水平较高时,两种RAP掺量下乳化沥青冷再生混合料能承受有限的荷载作用次数,当应变水平降低到150με时,两种RAP掺量混合料在150万次荷载作用下仍未破坏,采用劲度模量与荷载作用次数预估的方法确定了疲劳寿命。通过对4种应变水平-荷载作用次数进行疲劳曲线拟合,提出两种RAP掺量下乳化沥青冷再生混合料的应变控制指标。