Reproductive biology of Hemitripterus villosus in the Bohai Strait,China

To understand the reproductive biology of Hemitripterus villosus in the Bohai Strait,and fill the key knowledge gap in verifying reproductive seasonality and documenting gonadotropin dependent reproductive cycle of this species,a year-round detail study was conducted for the first time.In total,263 individuals were randomly sampled off the coasts of the Bohai Strait.Results show that and the overall female-to-male ratio(1.35:1)did not differ significantly from the 1:1 sex ratio.The length and weight relationship for females and males were regressed,depicting an isometric growth for both sexes.Four reproductive phases of the complete gonadotropin dependent reproductive cycle in both sexes were identified.The monthly variations in the gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indexes for both sexes further indicated that this species spawns a single batch of eggs per year and the peak spawning period is from October to December.The average diameter of eggs ranged from 2.10 to 3.57 mm.The length at first sexual maturity was 224.87 mm for females and 241.26 mm for males.Significant positive relationships between absolute fecundity and fish size,and also gonadal weight were observed.H.villosus from the Bohai Strait exhibited smaller body size,smaller egg diameter,lower gonadosomatic index,lower absolute fecundity,and higher population extinction risk than the other populations’studied previously.Our findings contribute to understanding the status of this isolated westernmost population,and we emphasize that more efficient protection measures for the species and control measures are urgently required to improve the coastal environment in the Bohai Strait.

Analysis of Tidal Current Energy Potential in the Major Channels of the Bohai Strait Based on Delft3D

The utilization and development of tidal current energy can help alleviate the current energy shortage,improve the global ecological environment,and maintain sustainable development.In this study,numerical simulation is carried out on a rectangular grid using Delft3D.The tidal current energy potential of the major channels in the Bohai Strait is further simulated and estimated by comparing the simulated and measured data.Results show that the flow module in Delft3D has good modeling ability for the assessment of tidal current energy potential.The average flow velocity,maximum flow velocity,and energy flow density are consistent.The Laotieshan Channel,located in the northern part of the Bohai Strait,shows a large tidal current energy potential.The maximum flow velocity of this channel can reach 2 m s-1,and the maximum energy flow density can exceed 500 W m-2.The tidal current energy in the Laotieshan Channel is more than 10 times that in other channels.Therefore,this study advocates for the continued exploration and exploitation of the tidal current energy resources in the Laotieshan Channel.

Identification of thermal front dynamics in the northern Malacca Strait using ROMS 3D-model

The thermal front in the oceanic system is believed to have a significant effect on biological activity.During an era of climate change,changes in heat regulation between the atmosphere and oceanic interior can alter the characteristics of this important feature.Using the simulation results of the 3D Regional Ocean Modelling System(ROMS),we identified the location of thermal fronts and determined their dynamic variability in the area between the southern Andaman Sea and northern Malacca Strait.The Single Image Edge Detection(SIED)algorithm was used to detect the thermal front from model-derived temperature.Results show that a thermal front occurred every year from 2002 to 2012 with the temperature gradient at the location of the front was 0.3°C/km.Compared to the years affected by El Ni?o and negative Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD),the normal years(e.g.,May 2003)show the presence of the thermal front at every selected depth(10,25,50,and 75 m),whereas El Ni?o and negative IOD during 2010 show the presence of the thermal front only at depth of 75 m due to greater warming,leading to the thermocline deepening and enhanced stratification.During May 2003,the thermal front was separated by cooler SST in the southern Andaman Sea and warmer SST in the northern Malacca Strait.The higher SST in the northern Malacca Strait was believed due to the besieged Malacca Strait,which trapped the heat and make it difficult to release while higher chlorophyll a in Malacca Strait is due to the freshwater conduit from nearby rivers(Klang,Langat,Perak,and Selangor).Furthermore,compared to the southern Andaman Sea,the chlorophyll a in the northern Malacca Strait is easier to reach the surface area due to the shallower thermocline,which allows nutrients in the area to reach the surface faster.

Study on the Sediment Transport Flux and Mechanism in the Bohai Strait at the Tidal and Monthly Scales in Summer

Based on the data of tidal currents and suspended sediment concentrations observed synchronously at 11 stations in the Bohai Strait lasting for 25 hours,the temporal and spatial variations of currents and suspended sediment concentrations in the Bohai Strait in summer were analyzed.The Study preliminarily discussed the transport mechanism,transport trend and transport flux of suspended sediments in summer,using flux-mechanism decomposition method and numerical simulation.The suspended sediment transport was mainly controlled by advection and next influenced by vertical net circulation,while resuspension is relatively weak in Bohai Strait.The single-width fluxes of investigation stations varied from 3.8 to 89.1 gm^(−1) s^(−1),with the maximum value in Miaodao Strait.The suspended sediment transport trends in Laotieshan channel along the vertical section are obviously distinct.The waters mainly flow out of the Bohai Sea in surface layer,while into the Bohai Sea in bottom layer.However,the transport trends of other channels in the centre and south are consistent vertically.The sediments in the Bohai Strait follows the transport pattern of moving outward from the south and inward from the north in summer,i.e.,the sediments are carried out of the Bohai Sea through the Laotieshan channel,while into the Bohai Sea through other channels.And the outflow flux exceeds the inflow flux in August with the net water flux of 1.4×10^(10)m^(3),basically same as the deliveries of the rivers into the Bohai Sea.Moreover,the suspended sediment flux is 0.33 Mt under the action of tidal residual currents in the Yellow Sea in August.

Effects of multiple dynamic processes on chlorophyll variation in the Luzon Strait in summer 2019 based on glider observation

Luzon Strait is the main channel connecting the South China Sea(SCS)and the western Pacific,with complex atmospheric and oceanic dynamic processes.Based on 44 days of glider measurements and satellite observations,we investigated the temporal and vertical variations of chlorophyll-a(Chl-a)concentration in the Luzon Strait from July 25 to September 6,2019.The Chl a was mainly distributed above 200 m and concentrated in the subsurface chlorophyll maximum(SCM)layer.The depth of SCM ranged between 50 m and 110 m,and the magnitude of SCM varied from 0.42 mg/m3 to 1.12 mg/m3.The variation of Chl a was identified with three stages responding to different dynamic processes.Under the influence of Kuroshio intrusion,the SCM depth sharply deepened,and its magnitude decreased in Stage 1.Afterward,a prominent Chl-a bloom was observed in the SCM layer from August 6 to August 16.The Chl-a bloom in Stage 2 was related to the influence of a cyclonic eddy,which uplifted of the thermocline and thus the deep nutrients.During Stage 3,prolonged heavy rainfall in the northeastern SCS resulted in a significant salinity decrease in the upper ocean.The convergence of upper water deepened the thermocline and the mixed layer.Thus,the Chl a decreased in the SCM layer but increased in the surface layer.In particular,a typhoon passed through the Luzon Strait on August 24,which induced the Chl a increase in the upper 50 m.However,there was little change in the depth-integrated Chl a(0-200 m),indicating that the Chl a increase in the surface layer was likely associated with physical entrainment of SCM caused by strong mixing,rather than the phytoplankton bloom in the upper water column.Underwater gliders provide frequent autonomous observations that help us understand the regional ocean’s complex dynamic processes and biological responses.

Arctic sea ice volume export through the Fram Strait: variation and its effect factors

Arctic sea ice export is important for the redistribution of freshwater and sea ice mass.Here,we use the sea ice thickness,sea ice velocity,and sea ice concentration(SIC)to estimate the exported sea ice volume through the Fram Strait from 2011 to 2018.We further analyse the contributions of the sea ice thickness,velocity and concentration to sea ice volume export.Then,the relationships between atmospheric circulation indices(Arctic Oscillation(AO),North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO),and Arctic Dipole(AD))and the sea ice volume export are discussed.Finally,we analyse the impact of wind-driven oceanic circulation indices(Ekman transport(ET))on the sea ice volume export.The sea ice volume export rapidly increases in winter and decreases in spring.The exported sea ice volume in winter is likely to exceed that in spring in the future.Among sea ice thickness,velocity and SIC,the greatest contribution to sea ice export comes from the ice velocity.The exported sea ice volume through the zonal gate of the Fram Strait(which contributes 97%to the total sea ice volume export of the Fram Strait)is much higher than that through the meridional gate(3%)because the sea ice flowing out of the zonal gate has the characteristics of a high thickness(mainly thicker than 1 m),a high velocity(mainly faster than 0.06 m/s)and a high concentration(mainly higher than 80%).The AD and ET explain 53.86%and 38.37%of the variation in sea ice volume export,respectively.

Fuzzy cluster analysis of water mass in the western Taiwan Strait in spring 2019

The classification of the springtime water mass has an important influence on the hydrography,regional climate change and fishery in the Taiwan Strait.Based on 58 stations of CTD profiling data collected in the western and southwestern Taiwan Strait during the spring cruise of 2019,we analyze the spatial distributions of temperature(T)and salinity(S)in the investigation area.Then by using the fuzzy cluster method combined with the T-S similarity number,we classify the investigation area into 5 water masses:the Minzhe Coastal Water(MZCW),the Taiwan Strait Mixed Water(TSMW),the South China Sea Surface Water(SCSSW),the South China Sea Subsurface Water(SCSUW)and the Kuroshio Branch Water(KBW).The MZCW appears in the near surface layer along the western coast of Taiwan Strait,showing low-salinity(<32.0)tongues near the Minjiang River Estuary and the Xiamen Bay mouth.The TSMW covers most upper layer of the investigation area.The SCSSW is mainly distributed in the upper layer of the southwestern Taiwan Strait,beneath which is the SCSUW.The KBW is a high temperature(core value of 26.36℃)and high salinity(core value of 34.62)water mass located southeast of the Taiwan Bank and partially in the central Taiwan Strait.

共同体视域下两岸融合发展话语体系分析

两岸融合发展话语不仅是表现两岸命运共同体的政治话语实践,而且是在意义方面说明、组成和建构两岸命运共同体理念。通过共词分析的方法,共同体视域下两岸融合发展话语体系呈现出从抽象到具体的话语发展逻辑,以及从中央到地方的话语演进路径。整体来看,两岸融合发展话语的建构以马克思共同体理论为指导,以习近平总书记系列讲话为指引,结合中央政策与地方政策两个话语层次,进而立体、全面地建构两岸命运共同体。两岸融合发展话语作为共同体理论在实现国家完全统一方面的话语应用与实践,不仅进一步延伸与发展了两岸融合发展实践,同时也为人类命运共同体提供有益的借鉴。

台湾地区2024年“二合一”选举结果及影响分析

台湾地区2024年“二合一”选举在中美战略博弈持续、两岸关系严峻复杂的形势下举行。各主要政党展开激烈竞逐,打破岛内传统政治生态格局。民进党赖清德以未过半的相对多数票当选,立法机构呈“三党不过半”新局,折射出加速分化的岛内民意以及多元竞合的政党政治新态势。未来4年,岛内政局将在民进党当局“三重少数”执政下以立法机构为重心展开角力,政局恐将动荡不安。两岸关系的对抗性和不确定性进一步上升,内地发展进步将持续增强对两岸关系的主导权和主动权,民进党继续执政无法改变两岸关系发展基本格局。

经济制裁对两岸价值链关联的影响研究

文章运用亚洲开发银行的多区域投入产出表数据,测算经济体价值链关联、经济体生产距离和销售距离,在此基础上实证检验了经济制裁对价值链关联的影响,并基于“台湾地区—内地—美国”三角贸易,考察了美国经济制裁对三角贸易和两岸价值链关联的影响。结果表明,两岸价值链关联不断深化,经济体在GVC活动中的生产和销售并未出现明显的“近岸”特征;经济制裁对经济体价值链关联具有显著的负向作用;聚焦于三角贸易,美国经济制裁显著降低了美国与中国内地和台湾地区的价值链关联,并且促进了两岸价值链融合。最后,文章从创新驱动机制提升两岸价值链关联、以两岸携手嵌入内地内循环应对经济制裁、两岸携手开拓外部市场塑造新型贸易关系等方面提出了相应政策建议。

渤海海峡跨海通道工程区海域三维地应力测试

跨渤海通道海域缺乏实测地应力基础数据,而海域钻探原位实测又承担着巨大风险与重重困难,为取得工程区现今地应力场特征第一手资料,利用以水压致裂地应力测量为主,以空心包体、非弹性应变恢复、差应变、声波各向异性法为辅的综合地应力测量技术,对研究区海域开展三维地应力测试与研究,建立了线性回归方程,得到了回归拟合曲线。结果表明,渤海海峡最大水平主应力σH、最小水平主应力σh与垂直主应力σv均随测试深度的增加呈线性增大规律;海峡南部地应力状态存在σH>σh>σv的关系,处于逆冲应力状态,应力场方向为NE,最大水平主应力大于垂直主应力,区域内构造力处于主导地位;海峡北部应力状态为σH>σv>σh,有利于走滑断层活动,应力场方向为NE,区域内构造力处于主导地位;整个工程区内地应力各分量值之间相差不大,远远小于区内断层活动应力值的下限,表明研究区目前处于稳定状态。研究结果符合一般地应力测量规律,测试流程符合地应力测试要求,测试数据可用于分析区域地应力状态。

海峡两岸碳排放关联效应与低碳化合作路径研究

近年来,两岸深度参与全球产业分工与合作,为经济发展注入强劲动力。与此同时,两岸产业合作仍以“高碳”部门为主,如何提升以低碳化为目标的两岸经济合作质量已成为紧迫课题。基于世界投入产出与二氧化碳排放数据,可定量分析两岸碳排放关联效应并对协同减排重点产业进行划分。测算发现:中国内地区域内碳排放乘数效应远高于台湾地区;两岸间碳排放溢出效应呈现台湾地区对中国内地远高于中国内地对台湾地区的“单向”特征;两岸协同碳减排重点产业以机械、电气电子设备等制造业为主。当前两岸低碳化合作面临基础薄弱、制度化合作进展缓慢、服务业碳排放问题逐渐凸显等制约因素,应从机制、技术、产业、政策等多角度切入,积极探索海峡两岸低碳化合作路径,应对两岸产业合作低碳化转型挑战,推进两岸经济合作高质量发展。

基于DEMATEL方法的科学基金项目绩效关键影响因素识别及实证研究——以促进海峡两岸科技合作联合基金项目为例

基础研究是应用研究和重大创新之源,联合基金作为国家基金委联合地方政府支持基础研究的主渠道之一,对提升地区原始创新能力、促进人才队伍建设发挥重要作用。为了真实反映促进海峡两岸科技合作联合基金资助项目的学术水平,从创新成果、人才培养、合作交流、项目延伸和间接影响等5个维度构建结题项目绩效评价指标体系,运用DEMATEL法分析15个二级指标之间的关联影响,结合多层次模糊综合评价法构建模型,并以某大学承担的重点支持项目为案例对影响项目绩效的关键因素进行实证分析,确定这个项目绩效评价等级。实证结果表明:DEMATEL法可以识别影响项目绩效的关键指标;模糊综合评价模型既考虑了评价对象的模糊性,也兼顾了指标体系的层次性,综合评价结果更具科学性。

两岸相互认可法院民事裁判实务的非均衡性研究

在对两岸相互认可法院民事裁判的司法实务,包括两岸相互认可法院裁判的基本情况、申请认可的裁判文书种类、法院裁判结果及裁判理由等进行系统考察后可以发现,两岸相互认可法院裁判实务呈现较法律规定更明显的非均衡性:内地人民法院展现了较法律规定更为宽松和开放的态度;台湾地区法院对于法律规定模糊、存有较大裁量空间的事项,采取或限缩或扩张解释,对认可人民法院裁判秉持严格和保守立场。非均衡性的根本成因在于两岸互信失衡和目标相异,台湾地区司法人员立场纠偏和内地司法品质持续提升是可能的矫正路径。

中华民族意涵下两岸融合发展的实践源流与逻辑进路

在两岸关系面临严峻挑战的形势下,从中华民族意涵出发理解和深化两岸融合发展更加彰显时代意义和战略意义。中华民族的概念谱系充分体现了国家统一和民族团结的历史意蕴和时代价值。两岸自古血脉相连,台湾地区至今仍保留中华民族的语言和文化。台湾地区同胞是中华民族的重要组成部分。民族团结、国家认同和国家复兴的理念已深植于中国人民的精神内核。自1979年内地首先推动开启两岸交流以来,两岸在经济、社会、文化等多个领域实现交流发展,为推进祖国和平统一奠定了基础。新时代应从铸牢中华民族共同体意识、壮大中华民族经济、维护中华民族整体利益和厚植中华民族伟大复兴的社会土壤等方面,完整理解两岸融合发展的逻辑进路。

以中国式现代化深化两岸融合发展

中国式现代化是立足中国国情、具有中国特色的现代化,两岸经济关系在中国式现代化进程中获得发展、作出贡献。深化两岸融合发展是新时代党解决台湾问题的总体方略的重要组成部分,也是台胞台企参与中国式现代化的新路径。当前,中国式现代化迈向新发展阶段,两岸融合发展应深度融入中国式现代化新征程,充分体现新时代方向与要求,立足新发展阶段,秉持“两岸一家亲”,贯彻新发展理念、融入新发展格局,进一步丰富中国式现代化内涵。福建建设两岸融合发展示范区,将全方位落地实践两岸融合发展的丰富政策内涵,探索和构建两岸融合发展新路径新模式新机制,从而发挥全局性示范效应,深化两岸融合发展,为祖国和平统一夯实基础。

论新时代台湾地区民情研究的形势、任务和路径

新时代的国际国内形势以及由此带来的新变化向涉台研究界提出了研究的新任务和新要求。新形势主要有:实现祖国完全统一和中华民族伟大复兴;美国对抗中国,竭力阻挠两岸统一;岛内政局蜕变,两岸统一的社会基础亟待补强;民进党当局构筑“拒统”藩篱,阻断两岸互动交流。主要任务有:探讨如何争取台湾地区民心,携手促进国家统一大业;探讨如何争取岛内民众的支持,共同反对“台独”等八个方面的问题。内地涉台研究界在台湾地区民情研究方面取得显著成效的同时,也存在一些不足。新时代向涉台研究界提出了加强基础理论研究、深入本质研究、合理开展调查研究等十个基础路径。

国际海峡通行制度综合法理分析

作为全球海洋的关键节点,国际海峡既是我国冲出岛链封锁的必经之地,也是关系21世纪海上丝绸之路畅通与否的重要通道。依据《联合国海洋法公约》相关规定,第一,针对某些存在长期有效的专门公约的特定海峡,其通行制度予以保留,如土耳其海峡适用1936年《蒙特勒公约》、麦哲伦海峡适用智利与阿根廷1881年《边界条约》、丹麦海峡适用1857年《哥本哈根条约》;第二,在用于国际航行的非领海海峡,他国船舶、飞机有权在其中间的专属经济区或公海海域适用航行飞越自由,如宗谷海峡、津轻海峡、宫古海峡、巴士海峡等咽喉要道;第三,在用于国际航行的领海海峡,他国船舶、飞机有权在其领海海域适用过境通行制度,如吐噶喇海峡、马六甲海峡、曼德海峡、多佛尔海峡等咽喉要道;第四,在摩西拿例外海峡和死巷例外海峡,他国船舶、飞机有权适用不应予以停止的无害通过制度,如摩西拿海峡、卡尔玛海峡、蒂朗海峡、首港航道等咽喉要道。综上,他国船舶、飞机在相关海峡的相关海域的通行权的享有,依靠的是国际法规则,并非海峡沿岸国的恩惠,也非其他海权大国的好意施惠。我国船舶、飞机有权适用国际海峡上述四类通行制度沟通全球。同时国际社会应加强合作,保障国际海峡畅通,促进海运发展,增进人类福祉,共建海洋命运共同体。

论台湾地区行政区划变迁的本质——兼论“一国两制”台湾方案的行政区划设计

“台独”分裂势力不仅企图完成法理上“中华民国就是台湾”的构建,还试图以台湾地区行政区划调整建构“国家形态”,推进事实“台独”。通过对台湾地区行政区划变迁历史,尤其是第4次“宪政改革”后实行的“精省”工程,以及“地方制度法”颁布和后续修改过程进行梳理,发现台湾当局行政区划调整的本质在于完成台湾“国家形态”的构建。这种行政区划调整本身又影响着各政党的政治权力分配,进而产生相应的政治博弈,使台湾地区近些年的历次行政区划调整均被政治斗争所裹挟。统一后,应对台湾地区行政区划进行准确定位,以明确的原则和制度统筹规划未来台湾地区行政区划变动。这将是“一国两制”台湾方案需要解决的重大命题。

授权赋能:建设两岸融合发展示范区的新路径

建设两岸融合发展示范区已经成为深化两岸融合发展的重要举措。从授权赋能理论出发,探讨建设两岸融合发展示范区的运作机制。在建设两岸融合发展示范区过程中,央地之间的权力分配将通过授权构建新的权力控制幅度;在中央顶层设计下,条块部门之间应形成有助于建设两岸融合发展示范区的政策协调和支持系统;同时,地方在授权下获得的自主能力将不断转化为政策创新治理能力,最终探索出海峡两岸融合发展的新路。提出的“控制-协调-自主”理论框架,为建设两岸融合发展示范区提供了一条可行的路径参考。