The surface electron transfer strategy promotes the hole of PDI release and enhances emerging organic pollutant degradation

In semiconductor photocatalysts,the easy recombination of photogenerated carriers seriously affects the application of photocatalytic materials in water treatment.To solve the serious problem of electron−hole pair recombination in perylene diimide(PDI)organic semiconductors,we loaded ferric hydroxyl oxide(FeOOH)on PDI materials,successfully prepared novel FeOOH@PDI photocatalytic materials,and constructed a photo-Fenton system.The system was able to achieve highly efficient degradation of BPA under visible light,with a degradation rate of 0.112 min^(−1)that was 20 times higher than the PDI system,and it also showed universal degradation performances for a variety of emerging organic pollutants and anti-interference ability.The mechanism research revealed that the FeOOH has the electron trapping property,which can capture the photogenerated electrons on the surface of PDI,effectively reducing the compounding rate of photogenerated carriers of PDI and accelerating the iron cycling and H2O2 activation on the surface of FeOOH at the same time.This work provides new insights and methods for solving the problem of easy recombination of carriers in semiconductor photocatalysts and degrading emerging organic pollutants.

Training and Development Strategies for Senior and Middle Level Managers with the Purpose of Learning Organizations

In the presence of dynamic organizational environment and a growing supply of‘knowledgeable employees’which require more professional managers to address their fast changing and increasing needs,senior and middle level managers are now required to keep up with the dynamic and learning environment more than ever.In order to train senior and middle level managers,the article has recommended four perspectives to encourage the development of learning manager.The first aspect for senior and middle level mangers is to integrate learning talents into their practices.The second point is to encourage managers to provide strong support for individuals and teams to develop a learning organization.The third point encourages learning managers and organizations to be composed into the culture of the organization.The last point advocates for more open and free dissemination of information and knowledge to be allowed within an organization.

Recent progress and strategies toward high performance zinc-organic batteries

Energy sustainable development has stimulated the pursuit of an eco-friendly energy storage system.Carbon peak and neutrality targets oriented energy storage development will guide the way of further studies on batteries system.However,conventional batteries system(lead-acid batteries,lithium-ion batteries)based on ungreen transition metal oxide,flammable electrolytes or hazardous metals cannot keep pace with the development of society sooner or later.Thus,vast explorations on the advanced rechargeable battery systems were conducted.Compared with other battery systems,zinc ion battery systems with inherent safety,low cost were widely investigated.Especially,the zinc organic batteries based on the eco-efficiency organic cathodes were promising alternative advanced batteries for future energy storage systems.Therefore,various organics and different electrochemistry mechanisms were explored in the zinc batteries system.Herein,a timely review on elaborate analysis about functional groups,fundamentals,progress accompanied by the discussion on the four core issues:voltage,capacity,rate performance,cycle life was presented.Specifically,aiming at these issues,three levels of solution strategies:materials design concepts,morphology structure optimization and electrolyte environment were summarized and proposed for the development and innovation of zinc organic batteries.

Metal-organic frameworks with mixed-ligands strategy as heterogeneous nucleation center to assist crystallization for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

Deep-level defects and random oriented configuration in perovskite crystallization process would cause the nonradiative recombination and further affect the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,two metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)with tunable Lewis-base passivation sites have been constructed(Cd-Httb and Cd-Httb-BDC,Httb=5-(4-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)benzyl)-1h-tetrazole,BDC=1,4-dicarboxybenzene)to eliminate deep-level defects and simultaneously as nanostructured heterogeneous nucleation seed to assist the growth of large-grained perovskite films.Compared with the control and Cd-Httb,Cd-Httb-BDC designed with mix-ligands strategy exhibited the enhanced inducted effect on the crystallization and nucleation of high-quality perovskite films during annealing process.Consequently,the resultant Cd-Httb-BDC-modified device achieved higher power conversion efficiency(PCE)(22.18%)than the control(20.89%)and Cd-Httb(21.56%).Meanwhile,the unencapsulated Cd-Httb-BDC-modified device still maintained 90%of initial PCE after 1500 h in ambient conditions and exhibited enhanced thermal stability(85℃ in N_(2) atmosphere).This work presented a successful example of mixligands strategy on construction of high-quality MOF-assisted perovskite films for high-efficient and stable PSCs.

Synthesis strategies of covalent organic frameworks: An overview from nonconventional heating methods and reaction media

Covalent organic frameworks(COFs), as an emerging class of porous crystalline materials constructed by covalent links between the building monomers, have gained tremendous attention. Over the past 15 years, COFs have made rapid progress and substantial development in the chemistry and materials fields. However, the synthesis of COFs has been dominated by solvothermal methods for a long time and it usually involves high temperature, high pressure and toxic organic solvents, which created many challenges for environmental considerations. Recently,the exploration of new approaches for facile fabrication of COFs has aroused extensive interest. Hence, in this review, we comprehensively describe the synthetic strategies of COFs from the aspects of nonconventional heating methods and reaction media. In addition, the advantages,limitations and properties of the preparation methods are compared. Finally, we outline the main challenges and development prospects of the synthesis of COFs in the future and propose some possible solutions.

Recent Advances in Immobilization Strategies for Biomolecules in Sensors Using Organic Field-Eff ect Transistors

Organic fi eld-eff ect transistors(OFETs)are fabricated using organic semiconductors(OSCs)as the active layer in the form of thin fi lms.Due to its advantages of high sensitivity,low cost,compact integration,fl exibility,and printability,OFETs have been used extensively in the sensing area.For analysis platforms,the construction of sensing layers is a key element for their effi cient detection capability.The strategy used to immobilize biomolecules in these devices is especially important for ensuring that the sensing functions of the OFET are eff ective.Generally,analysis platforms are developed by modifying the gate/electrolyte or OSC/electrolyte interface using biomolecules,such as enzymes,antibodies,or deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)to ensure high selectivity.To provide better or more convenient biological immobilization methods for researchers in this fi eld and thereby improve detection sensitivity,this review summarizes recent developments in the immobilization strategies used for biological macromolecules in OFETs,including cross-linking,physical adsorption,embedding,and chemical covalent binding.The infl uences of biomolecules on device performance are also discussed.

Impact of Operational Process Factors on Strategy Implementation in Microfinance Organisations in a Developing Country

This paper sets to explore management perceptions regarding the impact of operational process factors on strategy implementation in microfinance organisations in Kenya.Small and medium enterprises(SMEs)play a critical role in developing countries as a source of employment creation and a basis for industrialization.However,the sector receives inadequate financial support from commercial banks as it is considered to bear high risks and operational costs associate with lending small loan amounts.Microfinance organisations(MFOs)that serve this sector will need to expand their operations to increase their outreach to SMEs.Formulation and implementation of competitive strategies will enable MFOs to achieve growth and sustainability.Content,context and operational process factors appear to have a significance positive relationship to the level of strategy implementation.This paper is focusing on operational process factors impacting on strategy implementation and is part of a full study on the topic of strategy implementation in MFOs.Comprehensive literature review provided the theoretical framework for the study.Primary data were collected by means of a survey obtaining 300 self-administered questionnaires from managers in 135 MFOs in Kenya.The study revealed that the level of strategy implementation in MFOs in Kenya is moderate to high.This study has revealed that the operational process category of factors is more significant to the level of strategy implementation than content and context factors.Five operational process factors critical to strategy implementation include:operational planning and monitoring,management control systems,people-strategy fit,teamwork,and effective communication.Further,the level of strategy implementation has significance positive influence to MFOs’financial sustainability and outreach.Practical guidelines are provided to assist MFOs in developing countries to improve the level of strategy implementation by focusing on operational process factors.

The Effect of “Metacognitive Strategy” on the Use of “Advance Organizer”

"Advance organizer"is a practical teaching strategy proposed by American modern educational psychologist Ausubel in 1960.This research considers learners'use of metacognitive strategy in the teaching activities of"advance organizer",trying to explore the effects of metacognitive strategy in the"advance organizer"teaching practices and testing whether"advance organizer"can effectively help students understand and retain reading materials.Further researches should be focused on how to conduct learners'"metacognitive strategy"training and employ learners'metacognitive strategies into"advance organizer"teaching activities.

Vaccination for solid organ transplanted patients:Recommendations,efficacy,and safety

Solid organ transplant recipients face unique challenges in managing their im-munosuppressed status,making vaccination a critical consideration.This review aimed to comprehensively analyze current recommendations,evaluate the effi-cacy of vaccinations in this population,and assess safety concerns.We explored the latest evidence on vaccine types,timing,and potential benefits for transplant patients,highlighting the importance of individualized approaches for routinely used vaccines as well as coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines.By synthesizing avai-lable data,this review underscored the pressing need to optimize vaccination strategies,ensuring that transplant recipients can obtain the full protection against many pathogens while minimizing risks associated with their post-transplant immunosuppression.

Recent advances in the synthesis of nanoscale hierarchically porous metal–organic frameworks

Nanoscale hierarchically porous metal–organic frameworks(NHP-MOFs)have received unprecedented attention in many fields owing to their integration of the strengths of nanoscale size(<1μm)and hierarchical porous structure(micro-,meso-and/or macro-pores)of MOFs.This review focuses on recent advances in the main synthetic strategies for NHP-MOFs based on different metal ions(e.g.,Cu,Fe,Co,Zn,Al,Zr,and Cr),including the template method,composite technology,post-synthetic modification,in situ growth and the grind method.In addition,the mechanisms of synthesis,regulation techniques and the advantages and disadvantages of various methods are discussed.Finally,the challenges and prospects of the commercialisation of promising NHP-MOFs are also presented.The purpose of this review is to provide a road map for future design and development of NHP-MOFs for practical application.

14.46% Efficiency small molecule organic photovoltaics enabled by the well trade-off between phase separation and photon harvesting

Small molecule organic photovoltaics(SMPVs) were prepared by utilizing liquid crystalline donor material BTR-Cl and two similar optical bandgap non-fullerene acceptor materials BTP-BO-4 F and Y6.The BTPBO-4 F and Y6 have the similar optical bandgap and different absorption coefficients.The corresponding binary SMPVs exhibit different short circuit current density(/sc)(20.38 vs.23.24 mA cm^(-2)),and fill factor(FF)(70.77% vs.67.21%).A 14.46% power conversion efficiency(PCE) is acquired in ternary SMPVs with 30 wt% Y6,companied with a JSC of 24.17 mA cm^(-2) a FF of 68.78% and an open circuit voltage(Voc) of 0.87 V.The improvement on PCE of ternary SMPVs should originate from the well trade-off between phase separation and photon harvesting of ternary active layers by incorporating 30 wt% Y6 in acceptors.This work may deliver insight onto the improved performance of SMPVs by superposing the superiorities of binary SMPVs with similar optical bandgap acceptors into one ternary cell.

Gradually modulating the three parts of D-π-A type polymers for high-performance organic solar cells

Organic solar cells(OSCs)have received great attention for the prominent advantage of low-cost,light-weight and potential for fabricating flexible and semi-transparent device via roll-to-roll printing toward making better use of inexhaustible renewable clean energy during the past years[1-4].

Precise and controllable tandem strategy triggering boosted oxygen reduction activity

The development of efficient and cost‐effective metal‐free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)has become crucial for electrochemical energy systems.However,reasonably validating and precisely regulating the active sites for designing optimized materials are still challenging.Herein,we report a precise and controllable tandem strategy to boost the ORR activity based on metal‐free covalent organic frameworks(MFCOFs)comprising imine‐N,thiophene‐S,or triazine‐N.Among these MFCOFs,post‐tandem BTT‐TAT‐COF structure displayed a more positive catalytic capability and excellent electrochemical stability,indicating that the synergistic catalysis of multiple active sites induced the ORR catalytic activity through the conjugated skeleton of the structure.Density‐functional theory calculations suggest that the series‐connected backbone contained highly effective electrocatalytic active centers and provided synergistic catalysis.More importantly,this strategy highlights new opportunities for the advancement of efficient COF‐based metal‐free ORR catalysts.

Organic Renewal of Sunken Yaodongs in Guanzhong: A Case Study of Dengjiapo Village in Yongshou County, Xianyang, Shaanxi

Sunken yaodongs, or sunken yaodong houses, in Guanzhong are typical representatives of traditional Chinese dwellings. This paper analyzed the characteristics and existing problems of yaodongs, and put forward the idea of the organic renewal of sunken yaodongs with Dengjiapo Village in Yongshou County, Xianyang, Shaanxi as the research object.

天然沙冬青器官生态化学计量特征对异质生境的响应

以我国重点保护的珍稀濒危植物且是西北荒漠地区唯一常绿阔叶灌木沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus mongolicus)为研究对象,分析异质性荒漠生境(固定沙地、半固定沙地、石质沙地、洪积砾石坡地和盐碱滩地)对沙冬青叶、茎、根、花和种子生态化学计量学特征的影响,了解其生长的适应机制和生存策略。结果表明:沙冬青各器官碳(C)含量表现为叶>茎>根>种子>花,而氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)营养元素含量均表现为种子>花>叶>根>茎,N、P、K三大营养元素在繁殖器官中的富集,可以促进沙冬青由营养生长向生殖生长的转变,反映了资源分配模式和植物生长策略。沙冬青各器官的碳氮磷钾含量和各元素化学计量比在不同生境条件下变化较复杂,其中在沙质土壤(固定和半固定沙地)具有更高的C、N、P储存能力,而K在砾质土壤(石质沙地和洪积砾石坡地)含量较高,且砾质荒漠沙冬青的C∶N、C∶P及N∶P均显著高于沙质土壤,表明沙冬青在石质沙地和洪积砾石坡地有更高的养分利用效率。各器官元素含量相关分析表明器官间的养分协同性远高于器官内部。化学计量比C∶N、C∶P、C∶K均表现为:茎>根>叶>花>种子,N∶P为根>叶>茎>花>种子,N∶K为茎>根>叶>种子>花,K∶P为叶>根>种子>茎>花,各器官中的C∶N和N∶P比在各生境间相对较稳定,而K∶P比变化巨大,N∶P与P含量呈显著的负相关(P<0.05),与N含量的相关性不显著(P>0.05),说明P作为敏感性元素决定了沙冬青体内N∶P比值的变化,且不同生境叶片N∶P比值均大于16,说明沙冬青生长主要受P限制。器官与生境对沙冬青化学计量特征都有影响,生境对C含量和N∶K、K∶P的影响较大,器官对N、P、K含量及C∶N、C∶P、C∶K、N∶P的影响较大。除P元素外,各元素含量及其化学计量比均受器官和生境交互作用影响。了解植物根-茎-叶-花-种子的整体资源权衡和协变策略,为沙冬青物种资源的保护和开发提供理论依据。

Graphic Organizers and Reading Comprehension Ability： Evidence From Iranian EFL University Students

The present study investigated the impact from GOs （Graphic Organizers） upon reading comprehension ability. To this end, an OPT （Oxford Placement Test） was administered to a research population （N = 354） in order to homogenize it. On the basis of the test results, the population was sorted into three groups of reading-low, reading-mid, and reading-high students. Sixty participants with the lowest level of reading comprehension proficiency were randomly selected and assigned to an EG （Experimental Group） （N = 30） and a CG （Control Group） （N = 30）. Afterwards, a TOEFL （Test of English as a Foreign Language） reading comprehension pretest was administered to both groups in order to determine their current level of reading proficiency. Then, the EG received 10 successive 90-minute sessions on GOs as post-reading strategies for expository text comprehension, while the CG received the same amount of treatment on other post-reading strategies. In the end, another TOEFL reading comprehension posttest was administered to the research groups to measure their reading comprehension performance level after the treatment. The results revealed that GOs were statistically more significant and effective for the low-skilled readers than other post-reading strategies.

Adapting the Concept Attainment Strategy to Teach Math

This paper argues for the adoption of concept attainment strategy when teaching math and shows the structure of this curriculum design that can substantially improve math instruction and comprehension in K-12 education.Initial findings based on informal surveys of teacher candidates indicate many of them do not have a clear understanding of the concepts they are expected to teach.The concept attainment strategy is a proven effective method used in social studies for teaching powerful concepts like democracy and liberty.One reason for many students feeling inadequate about their math skills stem from their lack of understanding of the key math concepts like area,perimeter,percent,and others.Poor understanding of the math fundamentals in early grades if not rectified,develops into a dislike for an incomprehensible subject.The concept attainment strategy is an inductive approach that allows the students to participate in knowledge construction and master the fundamental math skills.This paper shows how the structure of this social studies curriculum design can be adapted for teaching mathematics and invites practitioners and scholars to consider this approach to improve math instruction.

农村基层党组织组织力的系统化运作及其提升策略

从政治系统来审视农村基层党组织,其具备系统的整体属性和运作体系,组织力表现为系统内外各要素有机结合的整体力量。在政治系统论的分析框架下,一方面,农村基层党组织系统的复杂多样易引发组织力的滞后困顿,出现组织力困境;另一方面,农村基层党组织以独特的政治优势规范了“输入—转换—输出”的系统运作流程,通过与内外部环境的多维互动和功能互补形成反馈闭环,构成一体化的循环链,由此决定了持续提升农村基层党组织组织力是一项动态的系统工程。解析农村基层党组织的领导与运行工作,其在现实生活中仍然面临内外部因素共同刺激而导致的领导力弱化、凝聚力式微、执行力失范和服务力缺位之困境,组织力水平尚未达到全面推进乡村振兴战略的系统性目标要求,这进一步倒逼农村基层党组织从各个环节入手构建提升组织力的有效策略:政治系统“输入”环节调动“党性—结构—民意”的整合性,政治系统“转换”“输出”环节激活“集成—巩固—共生”的驱动性,政治系统“反馈”环节释放“价值—功能—制度”的交互性。上述策略统筹保障组织的系统化运作及其组织力整合后的正向提升,进而为中国共产党基层治理的持续性发展提供实践遵循。

一流课程视域下的高等师范院校有机化学课程建设与实践

为有效提升师范院校有机化学课程教学质量,针对我院有机化学课程建设中存在的问题,基于“学生中心、出口导向、持续改进”理念,从学生学习和教师教学两个层面进行了剖析;并针对性提出问题解决思路,阐述了课程建设实施的“一二八”战略,构建了特色鲜明、成效显著的有机化学课程教学体系,课程建设取得了明显成效。

有机化学课程“模块化-主线式”教学策略的探索与实践

通过剖析药学专业有机化学教学现状,探索“模块化-主线式”的教学策略。即将有机化学课程的主要内容划为若干模块,教学过程中注重在不同模块中提炼主线或应用主线分析有关化合物的结构与性质之间的关系、理解化学反应的原理,进而掌握知识点的内在联系并了解其在药学专业课程的应用。该策略关注学生总结归纳和应用能力的培养,因增加了“药味”而有助于调动学生的学习积极性,有利于提升教学质量,可为后续课程打下良好基础。