As an important parameter in the soil erosion model, soil surface roughness(SSR) is used to quantitatively describe the micro-relief on agricultural land. SSR has been extensively studied both experimentally and the...As an important parameter in the soil erosion model, soil surface roughness(SSR) is used to quantitatively describe the micro-relief on agricultural land. SSR has been extensively studied both experimentally and theoretically; however, no studies have focused on understanding SSR on the Loess Plateau of China. This study investigated changes in SSR for three different tillage practices on the Loess Plateau of China and the effects of SSR on runoff and erosion yield during simulated rainfall. The tillage practices used were zero tillage(ZT), shallow hoeing(SH) and contour ploughing(CP). Two rainfall intensities were applied, and three stages of water erosion processes(splash erosion(I), sheet erosion(II) and rill erosion(III)) were analyzed for each rainfall intensity. The chain method was used to measure changes in SSR both initially and after each stage of rainfall. A splash board was used to measure the splash erosion at stage I. Runoff and sediment data were collected continuously at 2-min intervals during rainfall erosion stages II and III. We found that SSR of the tilled surfaces ranged from 1.0% to 21.9% under the three tillage practices, and the order of the initial SSR for the three treatments was ZT〈SH〈CP. For the ZT treatment, SSR increased slightly from stage I to III, whereas for the SH and CP treatments, SSR decreased by 44.5% and 61.5% after the three water erosion stages, respectively, and the greatest reduction in SSR occurred in stage I. Regression analysis showed that the changes in SSR with increasing cumulative rainfall could be described by a power function(R2〉0.49) for the ZT, SH and CP treatments. The runoff initiation time was longer in the SH and CP treatments than in the ZT treatment. There were no significant differences in the total runoff yields among the ZT, SH and CP treatments. Sediment loss was significantly smaller(P〈0.05) in the SH and CP treatments than in the ZT treatment.展开更多
为了探索不同冬灌定额和地表覆盖模式对棉田水热盐的影响,该文设置了冬灌裸地(winter irrigation with bare land,WIB)、冬灌留秆(winter irrigation with high cotton stubble,WICS)、冬灌玉米秸秆覆盖(winter irrigation with corn st...为了探索不同冬灌定额和地表覆盖模式对棉田水热盐的影响,该文设置了冬灌裸地(winter irrigation with bare land,WIB)、冬灌留秆(winter irrigation with high cotton stubble,WICS)、冬灌玉米秸秆覆盖(winter irrigation with corn straw mulching,WICM)、免冬灌裸地(no winter irrigation with bare land,NWIB)、免冬灌留秆(no winter irrigation with high cotton stubble,NWICS)和免冬灌玉米秸秆覆盖(no winter irrigation with corn straw mulching,NWICM)6个处理。经过2013-11-15-2014-04-04和2014-11-15-2015-04-04冬季大田试验,得到:灌水和地表覆盖可以平抑土壤温度的变幅,免冬灌或冬灌条件下,温度变异幅度均为裸地>留秆>玉米秸秆覆盖。玉米秸秆覆盖更有利于土壤水分保持,WICM土壤储水量比WIB和WICS分别多29.10%和10.36%,NWICM土壤储水量比NWIB和NWICS分别多14.97%和2.21%,经过两年冻融过程NWIB、NWICS和NWICM 0~100 cm土壤储水量平均减少了18.32、7.36和2.62 mm。(免)冬灌0~30 cm土壤含盐量均为裸地>留秆>玉米秸秆覆盖;0~100 cm土壤范围冬灌盐分淋洗率为玉米秸秆覆盖(34.86%)>留秆(15.82%)>裸地(7.26%);免冬灌0~100cm积盐率为裸地(10.11%)>留秆(7.96%)>玉米秸秆覆盖(3.01%)。研究结果可为南疆冬季休闲期棉田土壤水热盐调控提供科学依据。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41271288, 41371273)
文摘As an important parameter in the soil erosion model, soil surface roughness(SSR) is used to quantitatively describe the micro-relief on agricultural land. SSR has been extensively studied both experimentally and theoretically; however, no studies have focused on understanding SSR on the Loess Plateau of China. This study investigated changes in SSR for three different tillage practices on the Loess Plateau of China and the effects of SSR on runoff and erosion yield during simulated rainfall. The tillage practices used were zero tillage(ZT), shallow hoeing(SH) and contour ploughing(CP). Two rainfall intensities were applied, and three stages of water erosion processes(splash erosion(I), sheet erosion(II) and rill erosion(III)) were analyzed for each rainfall intensity. The chain method was used to measure changes in SSR both initially and after each stage of rainfall. A splash board was used to measure the splash erosion at stage I. Runoff and sediment data were collected continuously at 2-min intervals during rainfall erosion stages II and III. We found that SSR of the tilled surfaces ranged from 1.0% to 21.9% under the three tillage practices, and the order of the initial SSR for the three treatments was ZT〈SH〈CP. For the ZT treatment, SSR increased slightly from stage I to III, whereas for the SH and CP treatments, SSR decreased by 44.5% and 61.5% after the three water erosion stages, respectively, and the greatest reduction in SSR occurred in stage I. Regression analysis showed that the changes in SSR with increasing cumulative rainfall could be described by a power function(R2〉0.49) for the ZT, SH and CP treatments. The runoff initiation time was longer in the SH and CP treatments than in the ZT treatment. There were no significant differences in the total runoff yields among the ZT, SH and CP treatments. Sediment loss was significantly smaller(P〈0.05) in the SH and CP treatments than in the ZT treatment.
文摘为了探索不同冬灌定额和地表覆盖模式对棉田水热盐的影响,该文设置了冬灌裸地(winter irrigation with bare land,WIB)、冬灌留秆(winter irrigation with high cotton stubble,WICS)、冬灌玉米秸秆覆盖(winter irrigation with corn straw mulching,WICM)、免冬灌裸地(no winter irrigation with bare land,NWIB)、免冬灌留秆(no winter irrigation with high cotton stubble,NWICS)和免冬灌玉米秸秆覆盖(no winter irrigation with corn straw mulching,NWICM)6个处理。经过2013-11-15-2014-04-04和2014-11-15-2015-04-04冬季大田试验,得到:灌水和地表覆盖可以平抑土壤温度的变幅,免冬灌或冬灌条件下,温度变异幅度均为裸地>留秆>玉米秸秆覆盖。玉米秸秆覆盖更有利于土壤水分保持,WICM土壤储水量比WIB和WICS分别多29.10%和10.36%,NWICM土壤储水量比NWIB和NWICS分别多14.97%和2.21%,经过两年冻融过程NWIB、NWICS和NWICM 0~100 cm土壤储水量平均减少了18.32、7.36和2.62 mm。(免)冬灌0~30 cm土壤含盐量均为裸地>留秆>玉米秸秆覆盖;0~100 cm土壤范围冬灌盐分淋洗率为玉米秸秆覆盖(34.86%)>留秆(15.82%)>裸地(7.26%);免冬灌0~100cm积盐率为裸地(10.11%)>留秆(7.96%)>玉米秸秆覆盖(3.01%)。研究结果可为南疆冬季休闲期棉田土壤水热盐调控提供科学依据。