Study on a Bowl-based Mechanism for Transplanting Potted Strawberry Seedlings

To improve the efficiency of fetching and transplanting seedlings for the mechanization of strawberry planting,an integrated transplanting mechanism was designed with protruding,fetching and planting performance to achieve rapid fetching and pushing bowl movements.According to the working principle of the slewing mechanism,a kinematics model and the optimization goal were established,respectively.Based on visual auxiliary analysis software,optimal parameters were obtained.A three-dimensional model was established to obtain a simulation trajectory by means of a virtual simulation design analysis.Three-dimensional printing technology was used to manufacture the test prototype,and the actual working trajectories of the test prototype were extracted using high-speed photography technology,which verified the consistency of the actual trajectory with the theoretical and simulated trajectories.A prototype transplanting experiment was performed with the success rate of seedling extraction of 91.2%and excellent planting rate of 82.8%,which met the requirements for integrated strawberry harvesting,planting and transplanting.The experimental results verified the correctness and feasibility of the design of integrated transplanting mechanism.

Establishment of Three Breeding System of Virus-free Strawberry Plantlet in Infantry Regiment of the Twelve Division

Shoot-tip culture of strawberry is the most important way to get virus-free plants.Moreover,detoxification and rapid propagation are the key techniques for producing high-quality seeds and seedlings massively and rapidly and achieving the high-quality,high-yield and high-efficiency development of strawberry industry.We have recently produced virus-free strawberry seedlings by combing tissue culture technology and stolon-reproduction method and this technology has been widely used.In addition,a relatively perfect three breeding system of virus-free strawberry seedlings was established after production practices,guaranteeing the supply of high-quality seeds and seedlings and technical support for strawberry industry in corps.

Effect of Heat Treatment Combined with Shoot Tip Culture on the Virus-Free of Arena Strawberry

With Arena strawberry as experimental materials, heat treatments combined with shoot tip culture were used to explore their detoxification effects. The results indicated that if not heated, splitting shoot tips directly could not completely remove viruses. On the other hand, it will be obviously improved after shoot tips are heated. Incubators heat treatment （inconstant temperature） with shoot tip culture, constant temperature water bath incubation process with meristem-tip culture, hot air treatment （constant temperature） with apical meristem culture were three methods tested in searching for virus-free of Arena strawberry in this experiment. And their virus-free rates were 78.9%, 86.0% and 50.0% respectively. Of the three methods, the second, constant temperature water bath process with shoot tip culture, with 78.7% survival, is the best. Thus, it can be inferred that constant temperature water bath treatment combined with shoot tip culture might be the most appropriate method to remove viruses of Arena strawberry.

A Preliminary Study on Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Virus-free Plantlets of Benihoppe Strawberry

[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the tissue culture and rapid propagation techniques of Benihoppe strawberry. [ Method] Shoot tips of new stolons of Benihoppe strawberry were used as experimental materials to analyze the effects of media type, cytokinin type and concentration, carbon source type and concentration, and light intensity on tissue culture and propagation of Benihoppe strawberry. [ Result] MS was the optimal media for plantlet propagation. In the media containing 1.2 ing/L BA （with addition of 0.1 mg/L NAA）, fresh weight, dry weight and propagation coefficient of strawberry plantlets reached the maxi- mum, which were 2.259 g, 0. 221 g and 12.4, respectively. The optimal carbon source was 30 g/L sucrose, and the optimal light intensity was 1 600 lx. [ Conclu- sion] The best media for tissue culture and rapid propagation of Benihoppe strawberry was MS ＋ BA 1.2 mg/L ＋ NAA 0. 1 mg/L ＋ sucrose 30 g/L ＋ agar 8 g/L. This study provided scientific basis for large-scale production of Benihoppe strawberry.

TIB for Micropropagation and the Relationship between Anthocyanins and Chlorophyll of Strawberry Seedlings

In this study, we employed a temporary immersion bioreactor(TIB)system for the micropropagation of strawberry seedlings. The TIB method and the conventional method for the micropropagation of strawberry seedlings were compared in terms of explant propagation coefficient, seedling fresh weight,contents of anthocyanins and chlorophyll, and photosynthetic characteristics. The results showed that an inoculation density of 40 explants/L was suitable for the micropropagation of ’Benihope’ strawberry seedlings in the TIB. The propagation coefficient, fresh weight, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration coefficient, and the contents of total anthocyanins and chlorophyll of seedlings micropropagated in the TIB were significantly higher than those of the seedlings micropropagated by the conventional method. In conclusion, the TIB method was superior to the conventional method in the micropropagation of strawberry seedlings.The negative reciprocity did not occur between anthocyanins and chlorophyll in strawberry seedlings cultured under forced ventilation such as TIB.

Rapid Propagation of Virus-free Sugarcane Plantlets via Temporary Immersion Bioreactor System

By employing temporary immersion bioreactor system(TIBs),we studied virus-free culture of seedlings from sugarcane varieties ROC16 and ROC22,from medium recipe,inoculation amount,sucrose concentration,and variety difference. The results showed,using this method,that proliferation rate of ROC16 improved by 40 times,per flask generated about 800 plantlets; of ROC22 improved by 30 times,per flask generated about 400-600 plantlets. The results provided basis for using TIBs in rapid propagation of plantlets via tissue culture.

Expression of Invertase Genes in Virus-free Sugarcane

Virus-free sugarcane seedlings have improved biomass and sucrose content compared with ordinary seedlings, and sucrose invertases are key enzymes regulating sugarcane growth and sucrose accumulation. In this study, the differences in the expression levels of 3 invertase genes, CWI, SAI and NI, between virus- free and ordinary sugarcane seedlings were analyzed. Compared with ordinary sugarcane plants, the expression of CWI was mainly up-regulated in immature leaves and stems at elongation stage and leaves and immature internodes at maturation stage, and especially, greatly up-regulated in immature interuedes at maturation stage of virus-free plants. The expression of SAI and NI were mainly up-regnlated in leaves and immature internedes of virus-free plants at maturation stage, which might be beneficial to sugar accumulation and rapid utilization of monosaccharide in the stalks of virus-free plants. It is further indicated that virus-free treatment could significantly improve the expression of sucrose invertases at late growth period, and might facilitate the increase of plant biomass.

不同配比基质对草莓扦插苗生长的影响

为筛选适合培育草莓扦插苗的基质配方,本研究以草莓品种天使8号为试验材料,通过测定不同配比基质的理化指标及草莓扦插苗的生长指标,分析不同基质对草莓扦插苗生长的影响。结果表明,不同配比基质的总孔隙度、持水孔隙度、通气孔隙度存在差异,并且不同配比基质对草莓扦插苗生长的影响不同。其中椰糠∶草炭∶珍珠岩=4∶1∶1(重量比)为最佳基质配比,该配比基质的容重、总孔隙度、持水孔隙度较高。使用该基质培育的草莓扦插苗的叶柄粗、株高、茎粗、叶柄长、叶长和叶宽较大,地下部鲜重和地下部干重较大,同时草莓扦插苗气孔导度、胞间CO 2浓度、蒸腾速率较高。本研究结果为草莓穴盘扦插育苗的基质配置提供了参考。

北京市草莓育苗模式及发展建议

随着草莓需求量的日益增加,对草莓的种植技术提出了更高的要求,尤其是育苗技术,育苗技术的完善是草莓产业不断提升的重要环节。本文分析了北京市草莓育苗产业发展现状,介绍了主要育苗模式及应用技术;提出除发挥北京市自身优势外,还应充分利用外埠冷凉地区条件进行优质草莓种苗繁育工作,健全标准化生产体系,形成“政府+科研单位+企业”的育苗管理模式,提升育苗水平,保障北京地区优质种苗供应。

草莓潮汐式扦插育苗技术

为了完善草莓扦插基质育苗中悬挂微喷和使用滴灌带2种模式浇水存在的浇水不均匀、灌溉效率低、易造成病害传播等问题,结合蔬菜育苗生产上应用的潮汐式育苗技术,采用“扦插前期上部悬挂微喷”和“全程潮汐式灌溉”相结合的方式进行扦插育苗灌溉,取得了较好效果,可提高草莓生产苗成活率3.7%,降低发病率8.6%,节约用水19%,667 m^(2)提升经济效益1000元。对扦插前育苗场地选择、苗床准备,育苗过程中子苗处理、基质填充和压苗技术环节,以及扦插后灌溉策略及病虫害防治进行了介绍,以期减少草莓苗期病虫害的发生,实现节水节肥。

生物炭和蚯蚓粪配施对草莓种苗生长和繁殖的影响

探究蚯蚓粪作为栽培基质以减少草炭使用的可行性,为高效利用蚯蚓粪和生物炭提供参考。本试验以草莓苗为主体材料,与设施立体无土栽培技术相结合,设置了5种不同基质配方,包括草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩按体积比2∶1∶1添加(CK);蚯蚓粪∶蛭石∶珍珠岩按体积比2∶1∶1添加(Q_(1));草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩按体积比2∶1∶1添加,在此基础上按体积比添加10%的生物炭(Q_(2));蚯蚓粪∶蛭石∶珍珠岩按体积比2∶1∶1添加,在此基础上按体积比添加10%的生物炭(Q_(3));草炭∶蚯蚓粪∶蛭石∶珍珠岩按体积比1∶1∶1∶1添加,在此基础上按体积比添加10%的生物炭(Q_(4)),分别测定各配方基质对草莓植株生长繁殖情况产生的影响。结果表明,在生物炭基质中添加适量的蚯蚓粪不影响草莓缓苗成活,可促进植株株高、茎粗、冠幅、叶长、叶宽和叶面积等的生长;蚯蚓粪可提高草莓叶片叶绿素含量,进而促进植株光合作用,有利于草莓苗繁殖。综合来看,草炭、蚯蚓类、蛭石和珍珠岩等体积配比,添加一定量的生物炭可作为草莓栽培基质推广应用。试验结果为蚯蚓粪替代草炭作为无土栽培复合基质的新原料提供参考。

草莓提前促花技术研究进展

草莓移栽前低温短日照处理可以促使草莓提前开花,延长结果周期,其提前促花产果技术主要有冷库低温育苗和高原育苗。由于未有统一的草莓低温短日照处理标准,导致草莓花期不一致、产果断茬现象时有发生。本文综述了影响草莓花芽分化的种苗、温度、光照和激素等诸多因素,重点阐述了不同低温处理方法对草莓花芽分化的影响,如,低温对草莓花期的影响、低温对草莓内源激素的影响、草莓低温促花的生理机制等,为草莓提前促花技术提供一定的理论帮助。

矮壮素对草莓穴盘扦插苗及定植后的影响

为明确矮壮素对草莓穴盘扦插苗及定植后的影响,为矮壮素科学利用提供依据。分别用100、200、300、400、500、600 mg/L矮壮素并以清水作对照(CK),喷施草莓苗叶片,测定不同处理草莓苗植株性状及定植后物候期、果实品质(单果重、硬度、可溶性固形物含量)和产量(前期、中期、后期)。随着矮壮素浓度的增加,草莓花芽分化率逐渐降低,草莓苗株高不断下降,根茎粗、地上部鲜重、地下部鲜重呈先升高后降低的趋势,根冠比极显著高于CK。定植后,随着矮壮素浓度的增加,草莓物候期不断推迟,果实品质及产量呈先升高后降低的趋势。结果表明,苗期喷施适当浓度的矮壮素,可促进草莓苗植株的生长,推迟定植后草莓的物候期,改善品质并提高产量。综合分析认为200 mg/L矮壮素处理效果最好。

草莓穴盘育苗技术

利用塑料穴盘培育草莓匍匐茎苗,实现匍匐茎苗带土移栽和提高匍匐茎苗移栽成活率。该文系统总结了育苗地选择、母株定植、育苗基质配制、穴盘摆放、匍匐茎摆放、摘花序、除草、肥水调控、病虫害防治、幼苗分离和移栽等技术,为草莓穴盘育苗提供较为完整的参考资料。

不同基质配比对草莓匍匐茎育苗的影响

【目的】探索不同基质配比对草莓匍匐茎育苗的影响,以期为草莓匍匐茎育苗筛选适宜基质配比。【方法】以‘红颜’草莓为试材,以草炭、稻壳、水渣、醋糟、牛粪、马粪为基质材料,设置4个基质配比处理,草炭∶稻壳∶水渣为5∶1∶1、草炭∶醋糟∶水渣为5∶1∶1,牛粪∶醋糟∶水渣为5∶1∶1,马粪∶醋糟∶水渣为5∶1∶1,采用商品草莓育苗专用基质为对照,测定不同处理对草莓母株植物学特征、生物学特性的影响。【结果】不同处理的草莓苗成活率都能达到90%以上,采用商品育苗专用基质的草莓苗长势最强,芯茎、匍匐茎最粗,匍匐茎抽生数量最多,抽生时间最早,繁殖系数最高。【结论】在草莓基质育苗中使用商品草莓育苗专用基质对草莓育苗较适宜,可在草莓基质育苗中推广使用。

北京市昌平区草莓种业发展现状、问题及对策

昌平区作为北京市草莓产业优势主产区,高度重视草莓种业的发展,将草莓种业与产业发展同步推进。本文从种苗市场规模、草莓品种引进及繁育情况、生产苗来源、种业技术创新、相关政策扶持等方面综述了昌平区草莓种业发展现状,针对发展中存在的脱毒苗使用率低、本地苗源占比有待提高、主栽品种特性缺乏统一标准、专业技术人员储备不足等问题,提出了提高脱毒苗使用率、加强种苗繁育技术创新、完善三级育苗技术体系、加大技术型人才引进与储备等对策建议,为促进北方地区草莓种业发展提供思路。

苗期氮素处理对草莓生长发育和产量的影响

【目的】探究苗期氮素处理对草莓生长发育及产量的影响,为苗期定量施氮提供科学依据。【方法】于草莓育苗期,将氮肥均匀混合在育苗基质中进行苗期氮素处理,氮肥(N)施用量设置0,0.025,0.050,0.100,0.200和0.250 g/株6个水平,分别用CK、F1、F2、F3、F4和F5表示,测定定植前和定植后不同处理草莓植物形态、叶柄硝态氮含量、物候期(显蕾期、盛花期、果实始熟期)以及果实品质(硬度、可溶性固形物含量)、平均单果质量和产量。【结果】随着施氮量的增加,草莓花芽分化率逐渐降低,植株的鲜质量和干质量均呈先升高后降低再升高的趋势,鲜干比呈先升高后降低的趋势。各施氮处理草莓的繁苗系数、株高总体高于CK。F5和F2处理的根茎粗均较高,均显著高于CK。定植到生产田后,各施氮处理的叶长、叶宽、叶柄长、株高、株冠与CK之间均无显著差异。随着施氮量的增加,8月和9月叶柄硝态氮含量显著上升,其余月份无明显变化规律。在同一处理中,随着时间的延长,叶柄硝态氮含量呈先上升后下降的趋势。与CK相比,F1、F2和F3处理的显蕾期、盛花期和始熟期均不同程度地提前,而F4和F5处理均不同程度地推迟。各施氮处理的果实硬度和可溶性固形物含量总体上与CK差异不明显。各施氮处理的平均单果质量、前期产量、总产量总体高于CK,其中以F3处理最高。【结论】苗期施加氮素可促进定植前草莓植株的生长,改变定植后草莓的物候期;当苗期施氮量为0.100 g/株时,草莓前期产量和总产量均最高,是比较适宜的苗期氮肥施用量。

Key Techniques of Stereoscopic and Efficient Cultivation of Strawberry in Southern Xinjiang

Strawberry is rich in nutrition,which is the only fresh fruit in winter in southern Xinjiang,with good prospect of stereoscopic cultivation.In this paper,the key techniques such as stereoscopic cultivation pattern,the combination of different modes,the substrate of strawberry cultivation,the drip irrigation system,the formula of nutrient solution,the selection of varieties,the propagation of seed and seedling,the induction of flower buds,the planting and management of plants,and the green control of diseases and insect pests are introduced,and greenhouse space and solar energy are fully used to maximize the economic and social benefits of strawberry farming combined with tourism.The results will further promote the quality and efficiency of strawberry industry in southern Xinjiang,and provide a reference for strawberry growers.

不同育苗方式对草莓匍匐茎和子苗生长的影响

为了探究不同育苗方式对草莓育苗的影响,本试验以‘红颜’草莓品种为试材,研究了高架育苗、穴盘育苗和土壤育苗3种方式对草莓母株匍匐茎生长、子苗质量和开花时期以及假植对子苗质量和花期的影响。结果表明,3种育苗方式母株抽生匍匐茎数量和繁苗系数差异显著,表现为高架育苗>穴盘育苗>土壤育苗。高架育苗和穴盘育苗的子苗株高、茎粗、叶柄长、叶面积、SPAD值均明显高于土壤育苗,且显著提高了幼苗地下部鲜干重、壮苗指数、根系活力以及根系总长度、根系表面积、总根尖数。高架育苗、穴盘育苗和假植均促进草莓花芽分化和提早开花。由此得出,繁育草莓子苗的质量与育苗方式密切相关,以高架育苗效果最佳,其次是穴盘育苗。

4个品种草莓大田育苗效果与气象因子的相关性分析

为研究不同品种草莓大田育苗效果及与气象因子的相关性,通过描述性统计和LSD多重比较分析对浙江省慈溪市4个草莓品种进行大田育苗试验。结果表明,‘红颊’子苗植株最矮,叶片SPAD值最高,子苗数达114.0株/m^(2);‘梦晶’子苗叶片SPAD值最低,子苗数为90.3株/m^(2),但生长后期易发褐角斑病;‘越秀’的子苗生发能力与‘梦晶’接近,母株死亡率最高,更易感染炭疽病和褐角斑病;‘梦香’子苗形成最晚,子苗数仅为65.5株/m^(2)。匍匐茎生发能力‘红颊’>‘越秀’>‘梦晶’>‘梦香’,‘梦香’的匍匐茎发生比其他3个品种偏迟约20 d左右。随着外界气温升高,匍匐茎的数量在经历一个快速爆发的阶段后趋于稳定。随积温累加,匍匐茎生发的速率降低,子苗进入旺盛萌发阶段。降水量对匍匐茎生发起抑制作用,但可促进子苗生发速度,对‘梦晶’、‘越秀’的影响更显著,‘越秀’匍匐茎的生发需要相对凉爽和干燥的环境。