Fully Stressed Design of Fink Truss Using STAAD.Pro Software

This paper presents study of optimization of Fink Truss by Fully Stressed Design (FSD) method using STAAD.Pro software version STAAD.Pro V8i (SELECT series 5). Three spans of the trusses have been considered and each truss has been subjected to 27 types of load cases by changing nodal load locations. Central node load has been kept constant in each truss as 100 kN. Three sets of load condition is taken, viz, 100 kN, 120 kN and 150 kN. Total 81 trusses have been analyzed in this study to achieve a target stress of 100 MPa. Steel take-off for each case and maximum displacement for each case have been calculated and compared in this study and it shows that weight does not always increase with increase in the span or height. Results of the study could be helpful in designing a truss that does not waste material.

Optimal Design of Multiple Stresses Accelerated Life Test Plan Based on Transforming the Multiple Stresses to Single Stress

For planning optimum multiple stresses accelerated life test plans, a commonly followed guiding principle is that all parameters of the life-stress relationship should be estimated, and the number of the stress level combinations must be no less than the number of parameters of the life-stress relationship. However, the general objective of an accelerated life test（ALT） is to assess thep-th quantile of the product life distribution under normal stress. For this objective,estimating all model parameters is not necessary, and this will increase the cost of test. Based on the theoretical conclusion that the stress level combinations of the optimum multiple stresses ALT plan locate on a straight line through the origin of coordinate, it is proposed that a design idea of planning the optimum multiple stresses ALT plan through transforming the problem of designing an optimum multiple stresses ALT plan to designing an optimum single stress ALT plan. Moreover, a method of planning the optimum multiple stresses ALT plan which can avoid estimating all model parameters is established. An example shows that, the proposed plan which only has two stress level combinations could achieve an accuracy no less than the traditional plan, and save the test time and cost on one stress level combination at least; when the actual product life is less than the design value, even the deviation of the model initial parameters value is up to 20%, the variance of the estimation of thep-th quantile of the proposed plan is still smaller than the traditional plans approximately 25%. A design method is provided for planning the optimum multiple stresses ALT which uses the statistical optimum degenerate test plan as the optimum multiple stresses accelerated life test plan.

Investigation of Allowable Stresses for Fatigue Design of Fixed Offshore Platforms

Fatigue design method is usually used for estimating whether a platform structure meets the requirements of fatigue resistance. It is described in API RP-2A and ZC rules for fixed offshore platforms, in which the allowable stresses for fatigue design are defined. In this paper discussed are the allowable stresses related factors, such as wave climate, structural response, fatigue behaviour of structural members.

Ministries Design Exchange Rate Stress Test for Labor-Intensive Industries

China’s Ministry of Commerce(MOFCOM)and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(MIIT)have designed a stress-test for China’s labor-intensive industries,

Empirical Approach for Planning and Designing Constant Stress Accelerated Life Tests

Accelerated life testing(ALT)has been widely used to obtain information about the product's life characteristics at normal conditions in a relatively short period of time.Two key issues with ALT are test design and data analysis.The test design of constant stress ALT was studied in this paper.The test design usually combines engineering experiences with optimization models.Such approaches are hard to be implemented by practitioners.A"pure"empirical approach was presented to address this issue.With the proposed approach,some of the decision variables are determined based on the results from the literature,some of the other variables are determined based on engineering analysis and /or judgment,and the remaining variables are determined based on the empirical relations developed in this paper.A real-world example is included to illustrate the appropriateness of the proposed approach.

航天地面电源加速寿命试验研究

以某航天地面电源为研究对象,开展加速寿命试验研究。首先,介绍了加速寿命试验的特点、目的和优点;然后,阐述了加速试验的方法和流程;最后,对加速寿命试验的结果进行了分析。结果表明,与传统的可靠性试验相比,加速寿命试验可有效降低试验成本、提升试验效率,具有绝对优势。

巷道围岩应力应变仿真系统设计与教学探索

为了获得采动条件下巷道围岩应力应变演化特征,通过复变函数换算结合工程实践经验,运用科学计算软件编程对巷道围岩受力模型进行求解,获得巷道围岩主应力和主应力集中系数分布规律。采用MATLAB对巷道受力模型进行模拟演算,获得工程开采参数与巷道围岩应力应变的关系规律,由此设计了一种采动影响下巷道围岩应力应变模拟仿真系统。该系统可对多种巷道断面进行计算和模拟,进而呈现出多种信息仿真演示,解决了以往软件适用巷道类型单一、应力求解不具体且结果呈现单一化缺点,可为回采巷道支护设计提供相应的理论依据,有利于矿山工程技术人员及实验室技术人员开展模拟仿真教学。

Precise Design and Stress Analysis of Straight Conical Gear

Variable section sweeping with sphere involutes is used to generate the precise model of tooth profile. The contact and bending stress of a straight conical gear set with static bearing contact during a meshing cycle is studied using finite element method. Numerical results and comments are presented, revealing that the edge contact causes stress concentration and the gear tooth profile needs further modification.

基于正交试验的蓄能弹簧优化设计

为了提高蓄能弹簧的回弹性能,采用Ansys Workbench有限元软件建立了蓄能弹簧的有限元模型,并通过对比试验验证了模型的可靠性。以弹性能和最大等效应力作为回弹性能的评价指标,探究了薄片宽度、薄片厚度、截面直径、盘绕圈数以及盘绕中径等参数对蓄能弹簧回弹性能的影响。通过正交试验分析了各结构参数对蓄能弹簧的弹性能和等效应力的敏感性。基于弹性能最大和等效应力最小两个目标,对蓄能弹簧的结构参数进行了优化设计。研究结果表明:蓄能弹簧的弹性能随着薄片宽度、薄片厚度、截面直径以及盘绕圈数的增大而增大;最大等效应力随着薄片宽度增大而增大,随着截面直径和盘绕圈数的增大而减小;薄片厚度对弹性能的影响最大,盘绕圈数对最大等效应力的影响最大,而盘绕中径对弹性能与最大等效应力的影响均最小;优化后的蓄能弹簧弹性能提升了190.14%,同时等效应力峰值下降了2.26%。

Design and Analysis of Tapered Stress Joint for Top Tensioned Riser System

Stress Joint （SJ） plays a key role in the Top Tensioned Riser （TTR） system for deep water engineering. A preliminary design method of tapered SJ is proposed in the paper, which could help designers obtain accurate design data. After a further sensitive analysis is carried out, the related parameters choice and control methods are recommended in the engineering practice. By taking the extreme environment conditions into consideration, the effects of bending stress reduction and curve control are analyzed, and the 3-D FE models are established by ABQOUS for numerical evaluation to verify the correctness of design results. At last, dynamic analysis and fatigue analysis, based on actual project, are carried out with designed stress joint. The analysis results prove the feasibility and guidance of this method in the practical engineering applications.

超大跨劲性骨架拱桥缩尺模型试验方案设计研究

为对超大跨劲性骨架拱桥缩尺模型试验方案进行合理设计,以计算跨径600 m的劲性骨架拱桥——天峨龙滩特大桥为背景,围绕模型缩尺比、结构设计、材料及加载系统等关键环节,开展主拱圈缩尺模型试验方案设计研究。最终确定模型拱缩尺比为1∶10,劲性钢骨架采用单肋形式,采用与实桥主拱圈性能相近、便于施工的材料,采用阵列式滑轮组加载系统实现模型拱和实桥主拱圈的应力等效,还原外包混凝土分环分段浇筑施工,并简化劲性钢骨架与管内混凝土施工。将模型拱外包混凝土应力实测值、ANSYS建模计算得到的模型拱理论值及实桥主拱圈理论值进行对比,结果表明:模型拱和实桥主拱圈外包混凝土在施工阶段的应力变化趋势基本相同,最大绝对误差在2 MPa以内,模型拱应力实测值和理论值也吻合较好,缩尺模型试验方案设计合理。

常减压装置高温热油管道的应力分析及优化设计

为了确保管道布置和法兰连接的可靠性和安全性,高温管道的应力分析十分必要。利用CAESAR II软件对常减压装置的高温热油管道进行了一次应力和二次应力校核。分析了各节点的热态位移、约束力和力矩等关键数据。采用L型和Z型自然补偿方案,合理规划了管道布置,优化了支吊架设计。进一步采用Kellogg当量压力法校核了热油泵和常压塔设备管嘴与管道之间法兰连接的可靠性,最终确保了该热油管道的安全、长周期运行。

基于AutoPIPE的石油化工管道应力分析研究

在石油化工生产中,做好石油化工管道的设计对保证石油化工生产的安全性和可靠性有着十分重要的作用。主要针对石油化工管道设计相关问题展开研究,基于AutoPIPE软件对石油化工管道结构进行建模仿真,运用其设计分析功能,对所研究管道从范围、设计、结构等方面进行具体应力分析与计算,对管道设计结构进行优化,使管道结构应力满足标准强度要求,管道变形满足柔性补偿,确定管道连接结构的最佳设计方案。

锥面分段开孔高速刀柄的设计方法

根据高速刀柄在不同过盈量下的联接性能分析结果与不同转速下的锥面接触应力分布规律,提出了一种锥面分段开孔高速刀柄的设计方法,即对刀柄定位锥面按照锥体素线长度均等分成前、中、后三段,并在各段的中等分处周向均布一组盲孔,通过调控盲孔的数量与尺寸使刀柄锥面达到一定的柔度。文章阐述了盲孔开设参数对锥面接触应力、柔度的影响规律和参数确定原则,给出了以HSK-E50为原型的锥面分段开孔设计案例,采用有限元分析其极限转速和锥面接触应力分布情况。结果表明,锥面分段开孔刀柄与原型刀柄相比,极限转速提高了约10.79%,锥面接触应力分布显著均匀。

雾水葛总黄酮的提取工艺优化及其对线虫应激能力的影响

目的 正交法优化雾水葛总黄酮的提取工艺,探究其对秀丽隐杆线虫抗应激能力的影响。方法采用NaNO_(2)-Al(NO_(3))_(3)-NaOH显色法测定雾水葛中总黄酮的质量分数,以雾水葛总黄酮提取率为指标,通过单因素考察及正交试验考察时间、温度、料液比、乙醇体积分数对总黄酮提取率的影响,优选出最佳提取工艺。设立给药组和空白组,通过观察线虫头摆动次数、H_(2)O_(2)氧化应激、抗热应激试验探究总黄酮对秀丽隐杆线虫抗应激能力的影响。结果最佳提取工艺:提取时间为40 min,提取温度为70℃,乙醇体积分数为60%,料液比为1∶40 (g∶mL),总黄酮提取率实测值为1.31%。给药组线虫头摆动次数明显多于空白组(P<0.01)。雾水葛总黄酮质量浓度为0.300 mg/mL时,给药组在氧化应激和热应激实验中平均寿命比空白组分别延长32.28%、42.96%。结论超声法操作简单、便捷、提取率高,提取所得总黄酮能增强秀丽隐杆线虫应激能力。

复杂地质高应力条件下回采工作面冲击地压防治技术研究

针对济宁三号煤矿163下06工作面已探明正断层32条,逆断层1条,回采期间揭露隐伏断层11条,局部过联络巷、探巷不规则回采,不规则煤柱留设,局部煤体分割严重等,地质和开采技术条件复杂,应力集中程度高,冲击危险程度高;文章提出了,划分冲击危险区域、加强支护、宏观矿压动态观测、钻屑检测、应力在线监测,微震监测;大直径钻孔卸压、坚硬顶板深孔预裂等冲击地压综合监测防治措施,结果表明可以有效降低局部地应力异常集中,释放积聚的弹性能,取得了良好效果,确保了该工作面安全高效回采。

焊接锚垫板锚固区拉压杆模型及配筋设计

针对焊接锚垫板齿板锚固区配筋,提出了一种锚固区新型拉压杆模型。首先对齿板锚固区6种典型效应、主应力迹线以及力流平衡关系进行分析并建立新型拉压杆模型,其次通过美国国家公路与运输官员协会(American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials,AASHTO)Load-and-resistance Factor Design Bridge Design Specifications、Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary(ACI 318-19)、《公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范》(JTG 3362—2018)和欧洲设计建议Practical Design of Structural Concrete进行拉压杆模型参数定量化设计,根据拉压杆几何关系推导出焊接锚垫板齿板锚固区劈裂力计算式,利用有限元分析,拟合出焊接锚垫板下齿板锚固区劈裂力合力重心计算式。最后通过算例分析,按本文建议的拉压杆方法进行焊接锚垫板齿板锚固区结构配筋设计,能较好地控制锚下典型效应问题,相比《公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范》(JTG 3362—2018)给出的设计方法,拉压杆模型法能较好地反映结构传力机制且具备可行性和可应用性,可为焊接锚垫板齿板锚固区配筋设计提供参考。

内层钢板外层高强度混凝土复合井壁受力特性与支护结构参数优化分析

针对内层钢板外层高强度混凝土复合井壁的厚度设计,以受均匀围压的内层钢板外层高强度混凝土复合井壁得出的弹性解析解为基础,对内层钢板采用Mises屈服准则,外层高强度混凝土采用统一强度理论,研究复合井壁的初始屈服临界状态.以内层钢板和外层高强度混凝土均未屈服为条件,提出复合井壁的设计流程.结果表明,当内半径、围压以及材料给定时,存在外半径和分层半径的最佳取值范围,在此范围内选择外半径和对应的分层半径,内层钢板和外层高强度混凝土均不会达到屈服.与模型试验进行对比,发现试验中内半径、外半径、分层半径和材料给定的复合井壁,当围压等于设计围压时,外半径和分层半径处于最佳取值范围;当围压继续增大时,外层高强度混凝土先于内层钢板屈服.弹性解与屈服准则相结合,得到复合井壁设计流程为:通过规范及工程地质条件确定井壁内半径和围压值,选定复合井壁的材料,采用屈服准则求得外半径和分层半径的最佳取值范围.

安百拓液压凿岩机活塞受力面积分析与三段法述评

搜集了11个安百拓双控式凿岩机和4个后控式凿岩机冲击活塞的直径数据,计算得到在凿岩机冲击运动周期中,回程与冲程活塞受力面积的比值范围。根据比值数据的分析,指出基于三段法理论的设计变量作为凿岩机性能评价指标的普适性较差。据此,本文强调了数据分析在凿岩机研究中的重要作用。文中还介绍了改进的三段法理论及其计算实例,论述了改进的三段法的优点与缺点。

涡轮起动机中斜撑离合器的瞬态冲击与楔合特性研究

将稳态楔合拓展至瞬态冲击是深入研究斜撑离合器正向设计的重要组成部分。本文从机械动力学理论出发,关联输入输出端载荷与响应特征,建立斜撑离合器冲击受载微分方程,揭示出离合器由瞬态楔合至稳态传动过程蕴含的动力学原理和一般规律。在此基础上,推导出斜撑离合器内外传动轴的综合应力分析模型,并提出运用接触应力、综合应力和楔角等指标整体考察离合器传动性能的校核方法。最后以某常见离合器部件为例,从理论计算和仿真分析两方面模拟了涡轮起动机环境下的短时受载工况,验证了本文原理和分析模型的有效性,因而对此类离合器的设计与校核分析具有重要意义。