针对目前临床痉挛评定主观性大,信度与效度有待提高的问题,提出了一种新的基于牵张反射阈值的痉挛评定方法,利用关节角加速度变化判定牵张反射阈值,通过设计相应装置检验了牵张反射阈值在上肢痉挛评定中的信度与效度,并探讨了加速度变...针对目前临床痉挛评定主观性大,信度与效度有待提高的问题,提出了一种新的基于牵张反射阈值的痉挛评定方法,利用关节角加速度变化判定牵张反射阈值,通过设计相应装置检验了牵张反射阈值在上肢痉挛评定中的信度与效度,并探讨了加速度变化在上肢痉挛评定中的信度与效度.4位检查者利用改良Ashworth量表(Modified Ashworth scale,MAS)及该痉挛检测装置对招募的22例伴随有上肢痉挛症状的受试者进行了痉挛评定.将评定过程中采集的牵张反射阈值以及加速度平均变化值(Acceleration mean variance,AMV)与MAS评分进行相关性分析,显示牵张反射阈值数据与MAS评分显著相关,相关性满足(r=-0.831～-0.953,P<0.05),AMV与MAS评分相关性满足(r=0.665～0.900,P<0.05).它们重测信度分别满足(r=0.890～0.962,P<0.05)和(r=0.632～0.928,P<0.05).实验结果表明该方法及装置可为痉挛评定提供一种实用的定量分析手段.展开更多
Background:There is a growing body of experimental evidence examining the effects of plyometric jump training(PJT)on physical fitness attributes in basketball players;however,this evidence has not yet been comprehensi...Background:There is a growing body of experimental evidence examining the effects of plyometric jump training(PJT)on physical fitness attributes in basketball players;however,this evidence has not yet been comprehensively and systematically aggregated.Therefore,our objective was to meta-analyze the effects of PJT on physical fitness attributes in basketball players,in comparison to a control condition.Methods:A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed,Web of Science,and Scopus,up to July 2020.Peer-reviewed controlled trials with baseline and follow-up measurements investigating the effects of PJT on physical fitness attributes(muscle power,i.e.,jumping performance,linear sprint speed,change-of-direction speed,balance,and muscle strength)in basketball players,with no restrictions on their playing level,sex,or age.Hedge’s g effect sizes(ES)were calculated for physical fitness variables.Using a random-effects model,potential sources of heterogeneity were selected,including subgroup analyses(age,sex,body mass,and height)and single training factor analysis(program duration,training frequency,and total number of training sessions).Computation of metaregression was also performed.Results:Thirty-two studies were included,involving 818 total basketball players.Significant(p<0.05)small-to-large effects of PJT were evident on vertical jump power(ES=0.45),countermovement jump height with(ES=1.24)and without arm swing(ES=0.88),squat jump height(ES=0.80),drop jump height(ES=0.53),horizontal jump distance(ES=0.65),linear sprint time across distances≤10 m(ES=1.67)and>10 m(ES=0.92),change-of-direction performance time across distances≤40 m(ES=1.15)and>40 m(ES=1.02),dynamic(ES=1.16)and static balance(ES=1.48),and maximal strength(ES=0.57).The meta-regression revealed that training duration,training frequency,and total number of sessions completed did not predict the effects of PJT on physical fitness attributes.Subgroup analysis indicated greater improvements in older compared to younger players in horizontal jump distance(>17.15 years,ES=2.11;≤17.15 years,ES=0.10;p<0.001),linear sprint time>10 m(>16.3 years,ES=1.83;≤16.3 years,ES=0.36;p=0.010),and change-of-direction performance time≤40 m(>16.3 years,ES=1.65;≤16.3 years,ES=0.75;p=0.005).Greater increases in horizontal jump distance were apparent with>2 compared with≤2 weekly PJT sessions(ES=2.12 and ES=0.39,respectively;p<0.001).Conclusion:Data from 32 studies(28 of which demonstrate moderate-to-high methodological quality)indicate PJT improves muscle power,linear sprint speed,change-of-direction speed,balance,and muscle strength in basketball players independent of sex,age,or PJT program variables.However,the beneficial effects of PJT as measured by horizontal jump distance,linear sprint time>10 m,and change-of-direction performance time≤40 m,appear to be more evident among older basketball players.展开更多
文摘针对目前临床痉挛评定主观性大,信度与效度有待提高的问题,提出了一种新的基于牵张反射阈值的痉挛评定方法,利用关节角加速度变化判定牵张反射阈值,通过设计相应装置检验了牵张反射阈值在上肢痉挛评定中的信度与效度,并探讨了加速度变化在上肢痉挛评定中的信度与效度.4位检查者利用改良Ashworth量表(Modified Ashworth scale,MAS)及该痉挛检测装置对招募的22例伴随有上肢痉挛症状的受试者进行了痉挛评定.将评定过程中采集的牵张反射阈值以及加速度平均变化值(Acceleration mean variance,AMV)与MAS评分进行相关性分析,显示牵张反射阈值数据与MAS评分显著相关,相关性满足(r=-0.831～-0.953,P<0.05),AMV与MAS评分相关性满足(r=0.665～0.900,P<0.05).它们重测信度分别满足(r=0.890～0.962,P<0.05)和(r=0.632～0.928,P<0.05).实验结果表明该方法及装置可为痉挛评定提供一种实用的定量分析手段.
文摘Background:There is a growing body of experimental evidence examining the effects of plyometric jump training(PJT)on physical fitness attributes in basketball players;however,this evidence has not yet been comprehensively and systematically aggregated.Therefore,our objective was to meta-analyze the effects of PJT on physical fitness attributes in basketball players,in comparison to a control condition.Methods:A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed,Web of Science,and Scopus,up to July 2020.Peer-reviewed controlled trials with baseline and follow-up measurements investigating the effects of PJT on physical fitness attributes(muscle power,i.e.,jumping performance,linear sprint speed,change-of-direction speed,balance,and muscle strength)in basketball players,with no restrictions on their playing level,sex,or age.Hedge’s g effect sizes(ES)were calculated for physical fitness variables.Using a random-effects model,potential sources of heterogeneity were selected,including subgroup analyses(age,sex,body mass,and height)and single training factor analysis(program duration,training frequency,and total number of training sessions).Computation of metaregression was also performed.Results:Thirty-two studies were included,involving 818 total basketball players.Significant(p<0.05)small-to-large effects of PJT were evident on vertical jump power(ES=0.45),countermovement jump height with(ES=1.24)and without arm swing(ES=0.88),squat jump height(ES=0.80),drop jump height(ES=0.53),horizontal jump distance(ES=0.65),linear sprint time across distances≤10 m(ES=1.67)and>10 m(ES=0.92),change-of-direction performance time across distances≤40 m(ES=1.15)and>40 m(ES=1.02),dynamic(ES=1.16)and static balance(ES=1.48),and maximal strength(ES=0.57).The meta-regression revealed that training duration,training frequency,and total number of sessions completed did not predict the effects of PJT on physical fitness attributes.Subgroup analysis indicated greater improvements in older compared to younger players in horizontal jump distance(>17.15 years,ES=2.11;≤17.15 years,ES=0.10;p<0.001),linear sprint time>10 m(>16.3 years,ES=1.83;≤16.3 years,ES=0.36;p=0.010),and change-of-direction performance time≤40 m(>16.3 years,ES=1.65;≤16.3 years,ES=0.75;p=0.005).Greater increases in horizontal jump distance were apparent with>2 compared with≤2 weekly PJT sessions(ES=2.12 and ES=0.39,respectively;p<0.001).Conclusion:Data from 32 studies(28 of which demonstrate moderate-to-high methodological quality)indicate PJT improves muscle power,linear sprint speed,change-of-direction speed,balance,and muscle strength in basketball players independent of sex,age,or PJT program variables.However,the beneficial effects of PJT as measured by horizontal jump distance,linear sprint time>10 m,and change-of-direction performance time≤40 m,appear to be more evident among older basketball players.
