Sulindac for stroke treatment: neuroprotective mechanism and therapy

Sulindac, a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug （NSAID） is a prodrug that is reduced by methionine sulfoxide reductase to its active form as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2. The drug has been shown to elicit tissue protection by processes that may include at least three functions： antioxidant, preconditioning and anti-inflammatory. Sulindac demonstrates neuroprotection that involves inhibition of mitochondrial calcium overload or a decrease in protein oxidation.

Vein transplantation using human umbilical cord blood stem cells in the treatment of stroke sequela

BACKGROUND: Transplanted mononuclear cell (MNC) of umbilical blood can survive in central nervous system (CNS) of host through blood brain barrier, differentiate into nerve cells, migrate to damaged site and integrate morphological structure and function with nerve cells of host so as to improve deficiencies of sensatory function, motor function and cognitive function and influence on stroke sequela. OBJECTIVE: To observe the vein transplantation of human umbilical cord blood stem cells (HUCBSC) for improving neurological function, limb function and activity of daily living of patients with stroke and evaluate the reliability. DESIGN: Self-controlled study. SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery, the Second People's Hospital of Zhengzhou City; Red-crossed Blood Center of Henan Province; Department of Neurosurgery, the Fist Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 10 patients with stroke sequela were selected from Department of Cerebral Surgery, the Second People's Hospital of Zhengzhou City from April to December 2005. There were 9 males and 1 female aged from 35 to 75 years with the mean age of 56 years. All of them were diagnosed with CT and MRI examination and coincidence with diagnostic criteria of stroke established by the Fourth National Academic Meeting for Cerebrovascular Disease. All patients provided informed consent. METHODS: 80-140 mL umbilical blood of term birth of newborn was selected hermetically and maintained in sterile plastic bag. And then, the blood was centrifugated at the speed of 1 500 r/min for 30 minutes at 22 ℃ in order to separate MNC, i.e., HUCBSC. In addition, after final diagnosis during hospitalization, stroke patients were perfused with HUCBSC through superficial vein of back of the hand. Each patient was averagely perfused with 6 portions of HUCBSC (cellular numbers ≥ 1×108/portion) and the interval between each portion was 1-7 days with the mean interval of 4 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Neurological function of stroke patients was evaluated with neurological function deficiency (NFD) before treatment and at 3 months after treatment. The scale includes consciousness, level fix function, facial paralysis, language, muscle force of upper limbs, muscle force of lower limb and step function. The total scores ranged from 0 to 45; meanwhile, the lower the scores were, the better the neurological function was. ② Motor function of injured limbs was evaluated with Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), including motor function of upper limbs, motor function of lower limbs, balance ability, sensory function and motion of joint. The total scores ranged from 0 to 226; meanwhile, the higher the scores were, the better the motor function of limbs was. ③ Activities of daily living (ADL) was evaluated with Barthel Index (BI), including having meals, taking a bath, dressing oneself, putting on clothes, walking in balance and stair activity. The total scores ranged from 0 to 100; meanwhile, the higher the scores were, the stronger the ADL was. RESULTS: A total of 10 patients were involved in the final analysis. After treatment, NFD of stroke patients was (10.9±5.09) points, which was lower than that before treatment [(25.4±6.09) points, t =8.213, P < 0.01]. In addition, after treatment, FMA and BI of stroke patients were (80.9±25.00) points and (81.1±15.93) points, respectively, which were higher than those before treatment [(31.9±21.85) points, (36.2±19.41) points, t =13.024, 13.670, P < 0.01]. Immuno-suppressive drugs were not used during the whole therapeutic procedure; moreover, immunological rejection and allergic reaction were not observed during the same period. CONCLUSION: Transplanting HUCBSC through superficial vein of back of the hand is regarded as a simple and safe method for the treatment of stroke sequela.

Advances in minimally invasive treatment of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke

Cerebrovascular diseases,including ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes,affect more than 6 million US adults annually.Strokes cause high rates of morbidity and mortality due to the central nervous system’s sensitivity to disruptions in blood flow,and are refractory to traditional surgical interventions.A variety of minimally invasive surgical and endovascular approaches have recently been developed to improve patient outcomes following stroke.

Research progress in rehabilitation treatment of stroke patients A bibliometric analysis

BACKGROUND： Stroke presents as a transient or chronic brain dysfunction and is associated with high morbidity and high mortality. The doctors and scientists would like to argue how to enhance the validity of the rehabilitation treatment and how to further improve the level of treatment on stroke. OBJECTIVE： The aim of this study was to quantitatively analyze the current worldwide progress in research on stroke rehabilitation treatment based on Web of Science database and CiinicalTrial.gov in the past 10 years. METHODS： We conducted a quantitative analysis of clinical trial articles regarding stroke rehabilitation published in English from 2003 to 2013 and indexed in the National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials registry and Web of Science databases. Data were downloaded on March 15, 2013. RESULTS： （1） From 2003 to 2013, 2 654 clinical trials investigating stroke were indexed in ClinicalTrials.gov. There were only 58 clinical trials registered in 2003, and there was a marked increase from 2005. A total of 605 clinical trials on the rehabilitation of stroke were conducted in the past 10 years. （2） The analysis showed that most of the trials in the field were registered by North American institutions. With respect to the Asian countries, China and Taiwan Region of China also published a reasonable proportion of the trials, but comparatively speaking, the number of trials is really rare. Most of the interventions were drugs, followed by the devices, and behavioral interventions were ranked third. （3） In the past 10 years, there were 4 052 studies on stroke indexed by Web of Science database. CONCLUSION： From perspective of research progress, we found that the number of clinical trials and papers on stroke rehabilitation has increased significantly in the past 10 years, between them a remarkable positive correlation exists.

Evaluation of modified hemodilution combined therapy in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke in the elderly

BACKGROUND： Thrombolysis therapy is not suitable for the elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke who delayed to be diagnosed for more than 3 hours, but traditional medicine is also not very ideal. OBJECTIVE： To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of modified hemodilution combined therapy applied in elderly patients with acute cerebral thrombosis and analyze the mechanism of this therapeutic method. DESIGN： 1：1 paired grouping according to gender and controlled observation SETTING： Department of Internal Medicine, Chengzhanyuan District, First Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University. PARTICIPANTS： Totally 90 elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke who received the treatment in the Cadre Ward and Mental Ward, Department of Internal Medicine, Chengzhanyuan District, First Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University from March 1996 to June 2004 were recruited. They all met the diagnosis criteria revised by the Fourth Academic Conference of National Cerebrovascular Diseases in 1995 and were diagnosed as acute ischemic stroke by skull CT. They were informed of therapeutic plan and detected items. According to 1：1 paired principle in gender, 90 enrolled patients were assigned into treated group （n=45） and control group （n=45）. There were 39 male and 6 female in the treatment group, and they were aged （76±6）years, ranging from 71 to 84 years, and hospitalized at the 14^th to 76^th hours after onset. There were 39 male and 6 female in the control group, and they were aged （76±6）years , ranging from 70 to 82 years, and hospitalized at the 16^th to 72^th hours after onset. METHODS： Therapeutic method： Patients of treated group received modified hemodilution combined therapy. 200 mL whole blood of patients was exchanged with 500 mL dextran-40 （including 20 mL danshen parenteral solution and 32 mg heparin） at the beginning of therapy; From the 2^nd day, compound huangqi tea bag （Huangqi mainly, including danshen, honghua, chuanxiong, shishao and a little acetyl salicylic acid） was made, twice a day, 1 bag once. At the same time, the above-mentioned dextran-40 liquid of 500 mL was intravenously injected, once a day, 14 days in total; On the 6^th day after therapy, the above-mentioned aseptic autoblood stored in refrigerator at 4℃ was transfused back into the patients following pre-treatment of high-concentration oxygenation and ultraviolet irradiation by light quantum instrument. Patients of control group were intravenously injected of 0.4 g venoruton（Traditional Chinese medicine compound parenteral solution for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis ） and 50 g/L glucose of 500 mL, 75 mg acetosal was taken orally, once a day, 14 days in total. ② Measurement and observation of index： Blood coagulation index, change of platelet aggregation rate and change of hemorrheology of patients in two groups were monitored before and after therapy. The level of blood lipid of patients in two groups was measured with American Beckman automatic biochemistry analyzer. Blood flow rate of middle cerebral artery of resting electrocardiogram were measured with American HP SONOS 2500 sonoscope. Neuro-dysfunction score revised in the national conference （1995） was used to evaluate the recovery of neurological function of the patients in two groups at the 3rd, 5^th, 7^th and 14^th days after therapy. ③Therapeutic effect and adverse effect were observed at the same time. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ： ① Changes of coagulation index, blood lipid level and hemorheology; ② Blood flow rate of middle cerebral artery and NDS of patients with acute ischemic stroke in two groups; ③Adverse effect of drug. RESULTS： Totally 90 patients were enrolled in the experiment. One patient from treated group died of hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma of complicated diabetes mellitus. One patient from control group died of severe pulmonary infection. The rest 88 patients entered the stage of result analysis. ① Change of coagulation index and platelet aggregation rate： prothrombin time （PT）, activated partial thromboplastin time （APTT） and thrombin time （TT） of patients after therapy were significantly longer than those before therapy in the treated group and those after therapy in control group [After therapy in treated group： （18.4±1.9）, （41.8±2.1）, （19.7±1.7） s, Before therapy in treated group： （13.4±1.3）, （35.8±1.3）, （12.5±0.9） s, After therapy in control group： （16.9±1.5）, （39.1±1.1）, （11.9±2.1） s, P〈 0.05]：Concentration of fibrinogen （Fbg） after therapy was significantly lower than that before therapy in the treated group and that after therapy in control group[After therapy in treated group： （3.4±0.4） g/L; Before therapy in treated group： （4.3±0.7） g/L; After therapy in control group：（4.0±0.6） g/L; P 〈 0.05]. Platelet aggregation rate decreased from （37.92 ±0.85）% before therapy to （26.42±1.01）% after therapy （P 〈 0.01）. ②Change of blood lipid level： Levels of total cholesterol （TC）, triacylglycerol（TG） and low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） of patients after therapy were significantly lower than those before therapy in treated group and those after therapy in control group [After therapy in treated group： （5.2±0.9）, （1.9±0.9）, （2.08±1.1） mmol/L, before therapy in treated group： （5.9±1.2）, （2.8±0.9）, （3.94±0.5） mmol/L, After therapy in control group： （6.0±1.1）, （2.6±0.8）, （3.84±0.9） mmol/L, P 〈 0.05]. ③Change of hemorheology index： Hematocrit of patients of treated group was significantly lower after therapy than before therapy [Before therapy： （43.84±4.55）% ;After therapy： （40.48±4.02）%;P 〈 0.05]. Blood flow rate of middle cerebral artery of patients of treated group was significantly lower before therapy than after therapy [（90±1.2）, （97±2.1） cm/s,P〈 0.01]. ⑤NDS of patients in treated group was significantly lower than of control group 14 days after therapy. The total effective rate after therapy was significantly higher in the treated group than in the control group （93%,78%, P 〈 0.05）. ⑥There was no obvious adverse effect. CONCLUSION： Modified hemodilution combined therapy can improve hemorheology, decrease hematocrit, increase blood flow rate of middle cerebral artery, so as to improve the impaired clinical neurological function of elderly patients with acute cerebral thrombosis through anticoagulation and antiplatelet aggregative activity as well as regulating blood lipid.

Treatment of Sequelae of Wind Stroke with Long Needle

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Possibilities of transcatheter treatment of patients after extensive ischemic stroke

The research investigates the efficacy of brain transcatheter laser revascularization in patients who have had extensive ischemic stroke. 1125 patients aged 29 - 81 (average age 75) with cerebral atherosclerosis were examined. The examination plan included: CT brain scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), brain scintigraphy (SG), rheoencephalography (REG), cerebral multi-gated angiography (MUGA), laboratory tests, assessment of severity of dementia (CDR), cognitive impairment (MMSE) and activities of daily living (IB). 93 patients suffered extensive ischemic stroke of whom 7 (7.53%) had 10 - 15 IB points, 25 (26.88%)—20 - 30 IB points, 61 (65.59%)—35 - 45 IB points. 69 patients underwent transcatheter treatment (Test Group). 24 patients underwent conservative treatment (Control Group). High-energy laser systems were used for revascularization of major intracranial arteries;lowenergy laser systems were used for revascularization of distal intracranial branches. Test Group: 67 (97.10%) patients had good immediate angiographic outcome manifested in the restoration of lumen and patency of the affected vessels as well as in collateral revascularization. 12 - 24 months later the following positive trend was observed: 14 (20.59%) patients demonstrated good clinical outcome (IB 90 - 100);26 (38.24%) patients had satisfactory clinical outcome (IB 75 - 85);28 (41.18%) patients showed relatively satisfactory clinical outcome (IB 60 - 70);relatively positive clinical outcome (IB < 60) was not obtained in any case. Control Group: 4 (16.67%) patients showed relatively satisfactory clinical outcome (IB 60 - 70), relatively positive clinical outcome (IB < 60) was achieved in 20 (83.33%) cases. Evaluating the data obtained, it can be concluded that the method of transluminal laser revascularization of cerebral blood vessels is an effective one for the treatment of extensive ischemic strokes. The effect is maintained for a long time;it causes regression of mental, intellectual and motor disorders, promotes regression of post-stroke dementia and significantly improves the quality of life, which makes it noticeably different from the conservative methods of treatment.

52例症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄患者个体化血管内治疗的回顾性分析

目的评估症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄(sICAS)患者个体化血管内治疗的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性收集2019年1月至2022年12月在我院接受个体化血管内治疗的sICAS患者的临床资料,分析血管重建成功率、围手术期并发症发生率和死亡情况,以及随访期间复发性缺血性脑卒中(IS)、短暂性脑缺血发作、死亡和血管再狭窄的发生率。结果52例sICAS患者共有55处病变,均接受血管内治疗。患者平均年龄为(62.94±9.04)岁。术前病变血管狭窄程度为90%(80%,99%),狭窄长度为8(5,11)mm。采用的手术方式分别为球囊扩张式支架植入术(25例,27个病变)、自膨式支架植入术(19例,20个病变)、单纯球囊扩张血管成形术(8例,8个病变)。术后残余狭窄程度为10%(0,20%),较术前降低且差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。血管重建成功率为94.23%(49/52),围手术期并发症发生率为3.85%(2/52)。临床随访12(12,18)个月,影像学随访10(6,12)个月,血管再狭窄发生率为7.69%(4/52),复发性IS发生率为1.92%(1/52),无患者死亡。结论个体化血管内治疗对sICAS安全、有效,其可提高血管重建成功率,降低围手术期并发症、远期IS复发和再狭窄风险。

中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值等多因素预测急性缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓后出血转化研究

目的 探讨中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,NLR)等多因素对急性缺血性脑卒中(acute ischemic stroke,AIS)患者静脉溶栓后出血转化的预测价值。方法 回顾性选取2020年8月至2024年6月于马鞍山市和县人民医院神经内科接受重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓的AIS患者260例,根据溶栓后是否发生出血转化,分为出血转化组42例和非出血转化组218例。比较2组临床基线特征,采用多因素logistic回归分析出血转化的危险因素,绘制ROC曲线分析NLR等危险因素对AIS患者静脉溶栓后出血转化的预测价值。结果在260例静脉溶栓AIS患者中,16.2%(42例)发生出血转化。出血转化组入院时心房颤动、TOAST分型-心源性栓塞型、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、NLR显著高于非出血转化组,淋巴细胞计数显著低于非出血转化组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);多因素logistic回归分析显示,心房颤动(OR=3.361,95%CI:1.015~15.381)、NHISS评分≥15分(OR=7.785,95%CI:1.348~21.312)、TOAST分型-心源性栓塞型(OR=4.104,95%CI:1.156~17.256)、NLR(OR=3.165,95%CI:1.231~5.265)为出血转化的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,NLR联合病因分型等多因素联合预测的曲线下面积为0.841(95%CI:0.763~0.967,P<0.01),对模型进行Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验(P=0.354),最佳临界值为0.701,敏感性为86.3%,特异性为84.3%。结论 NLR联合TOAST病因分型等多因素联合对静脉溶栓后出血转化的发生有一定的预测价值。

神经可塑性机制在卒中后认知功能恢复中的作用

卒中后认知障碍(PSCI)因其高发病率、高致残致死率而在国际卒中研究领域备受瞩目,但因其发病机制未完全阐明而限制了有效治疗手段。临床观察性研究表明,卒中后12个月内患者的认知功能呈不同程度的恢复,这一恢复与神经可塑性机制密切相关。深入了解神经可塑性机制对于制定最佳的卒中后神经系统修复策略并对受损脑功能进行补偿具有重要意义。本文首先介绍了卒中后自发神经可塑性机制,包括神经细胞的可塑性、突触神经环路的可塑性和脑网络的可塑性,及其与认知功能之间的关系,揭示了神经可塑性与脑功能恢复的动态和复杂性。随后探讨了增强神经可塑性的方法,包括药物治疗、康复训练、非侵袭性脑刺激和其他方法,提倡早期干预效果好。尽管一些新兴方法尚缺乏明确的临床依据,但初步研究中的疗效令人鼓舞,有望开启卒中后治疗的新篇章。

基于信息-知识-信念-行为的护理在脑卒中患者中的应用

目的 探讨基于信息-知识-信念-行为(IKAP)的护理在脑卒中患者中的应用效果。方法 100例脑卒中患者随机分为两组,对照组采用常规护理,观察组采用基于IKAP的护理,比较两组的依从性和生活质量。结果 干预后,观察组的治疗依从率以及生活质量评分均高于对照组(P <0.05)。结论 基于IKAP的护理可提高脑卒中患者的治疗依从性和生活质量。

卒中及共患疾病诊疗模式探索与实践

近年来,虽然国内外学者对卒中及共患疾病的关注逐步提高,但由于多病共存的特殊性和异质性,针对此类患者的诊治仍存在诸多不足和挑战。卒中及共患疾病的诊疗能力很大程度上反映了医疗机构的神经系统专科技术水平和多学科协同救治能力。构建多学科协同诊疗模式是卒中救治和质量管理体系建设的重要内容之一。医疗机构应运用先进的质量管理工具,优化要素配置和运行机制,建立高效的多学科协同诊疗模式,从而实现卒中及共患疾病整体诊治水平的提升。

脂蛋白(a)与前循环大动脉闭塞AIS血管内治疗患者临床结局的相关性

目的:探讨脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]与前循环大动脉闭塞急性缺血性卒中(AIS)血管内治疗患者临床结局的相关性。方法:选择就诊于包头市中心医院神经内科发病24 h内诊断为前循环大动脉闭塞急性缺血性卒中(AIS)并行血管内治疗(EVT)的患者,详细记录患者基线资料、血化验指标、手术相关信息、预后情况等。结局为EVT术后3个月时预后良好的患者比例,预后良好定义为改良Rankin量表(mRs)评分0~2分。采用SPSS 25.0统计学软件对所有收集的数据进行分析,进一步评估Lp(a)与EVT患者临床结局的相关性。结果:共纳入265例患者,其中预后良好组患者141例(53.2%),预后不良组患者124例(46.8%),预后良好组Lp(a)水平低于预后不良组,差异具有统计学意义,多因素Logistics回归分析显示Lp(a)OR=1.032;95%CI=1.017~1.047。Lp(a)对EVT患者不良结局的ROC分析结果显示AUC=0.655;95%CI=0.590~0.721(P<0.001),预测截断值为20.95 mg/dL,灵敏度为77.4%,特异度为51.1%。结论:Lp(a)水平与前循环大动脉闭塞急性缺血性卒中EVT患者术后3个月时的临床结局相关,并对其有一定的预测价值。

急性缺血性脑卒中病人静脉溶栓后出血转化与脑白质高信号的相关性

目的探究急性缺血性脑卒中(acute ischemic stroke,AIS)病人静脉溶栓治疗后出血转化与脑白质高信号(white matter hyperintensity,WMH)的相关性。方法回顾性分析137例AIS病例资料,均进行静脉溶栓治疗,根据是否发生出血转化分为出血组(53例)和未出血组(84例)。采用单因素与Logistic回归分析AIS病人治疗后出血转化的危险因素。结果两组病人年龄、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(national institute of health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分、高血压、发病到治疗时间、WMH程度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示中重度WMH(OR=2.796,95%CI:1.450-5.391)是AIS病人治疗后出血转化的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论WMH是影响AIS病人溶栓治疗后出血转化的危险因素,中重度WMH病人发生出血转化的风险更高。

ApoE基因多态性与急性大血管闭塞性脑卒中血管内治疗后患者预后的相关性

目的探讨急性大血管闭塞性脑卒中患者载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因单核苷酸多态性及其与血管内治疗后预后的关系。方法选择行血管内治疗的100例急性大血管闭塞性脑卒中患者,根据术后90 d时患者改良Rankin评分量表(mRS)得分情况,分为预后良好组(mRS≤3分,n=66)与预后不良组(mRS>3分,n=34)。比较两组受试者的基线资料、免疫指标,检测ApoE基因多态性,记录术后出血情况。结果预后不良组高龄患者比例高于预后良好组(P<0.05)。预后不良组外周血甘油三酯(TG)、N末端B型钠尿肽原(BNP)、D-二聚体(D-D)均高于预后良好组(P<0.05)。两组ApoE基因表型均以ε3/ε3占比为最高,且预后良好组ε3/ε3占比高于预后不良组(77.27%vs 55.88%,P<0.05);两组其他基因表型未见明显差异(P>0.05)。预后良好组和预后不良组ApoE基因频率均以ε3型占比最高,分别为87.12%和76.47%;但两组间ε2、ε3、ε4型比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论急性大血管闭塞性脑卒中血管内治疗后预后不良以高龄患者多见,ApoE基因表型以ε3/ε3居多,可能是血管内治疗后预后良好的保护因素;ApoE基因频率以ε3型居多,但与血管内治疗后预后无明显相关性。

血糖间隙对药物保守治疗脑卒中患者症状性颅内出血的预测价值

目的 探讨血糖间隙对药物保守治疗脑卒中患者症状性颅内出血的预测价值。方法 选取2021年1月—2023年1月在首都医科大学宣武医院接受药物保守治疗的133例老年脑卒中患者进行回顾性分析,按照是否发生症状性颅内出血分为发生组(33例)和未发生组(100例),收集两组临床相关资料,使用多因素logistic回归分析影响症状性颅内出血发生的相关因素,并绘制ROC曲线分析血糖间隙对症状性颅内出血发生的预测价值。结果 两组的年龄、饮酒史、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、合并高血压及血糖间隙比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);以有差异的指标作为自变量代入logistic回归方程,结果显示:年龄≥75岁、饮酒史、NIHSS评分、伴有高血压、血糖间隙均为接受药物保守治疗的脑卒中患者症状性颅内出血发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05);ROC曲线显示,血糖间隙对脑卒中患者症状性颅内出血发生具有较高的预测价值(曲线下面积为0.898)。结论 血糖间隙是脑卒中患者症状性颅内出血发生的影响因素,对脑卒中患者症状性颅内出血具有较高的预测价值。

症状性前循环颅内动脉重度狭窄患者急性期血管内治疗效果分析

目的观察对症状性前循环颅内动脉重度狭窄患者急性期实施血管内治疗的可行性。方法回顾性纳入2019年6月至2023年6月广东省中医院脑血管病科连续收治的30例症状性前循环颅内动脉重度狭窄患者的临床资料,应用危险分层评分对其进行评估,并探讨实施急性期(≤72.0 h)血管内治疗的安全性及有效性。血管内治疗包括球囊扩张+自膨式支架置入、球囊扩张式支架置入、球囊扩张治疗。危险分层评分为本研究根据临床经验,在短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)ABCD3-I评分基础上增加对分水岭梗死的评分内容,用于症状性颅内动脉中重度狭窄急性期卒中进展或复发风险的筛选,其中危险分层评分0~3分定义为低危,4~7分定义为中危,8~13分定义为高危。以术后残留狭窄率≤50%且血流拓展脑梗死溶栓(eTICI)分级>2c级判定为血运重建成功。记录接受血管内治疗患者的人口学信息及临床资料,包括年龄、性别、脑血管病危险因素(高血压病、糖尿病、高脂血症、高同型半胱氨酸血症、饮酒史、吸烟史)、起病资料(发病至血管内治疗时间、症状、进展情况)、病变血管、危险分层评分、术前及术后90 d美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、术后90 d改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分、术中脑血管事件(颅内出血、责任血管闭塞)及术后90 d内脑血管事件(颅内出血、脑梗死、TIA、支架内再狭窄)、死亡事件。结果30例症状性前循环颅内动脉重度狭窄患者中,排除发病至血管内治疗的时间>72.0 h患者3例、因其他疾病需长期服用抗凝药物1例、失访1例、并存其他心源性脑栓塞疾病3例、非动脉粥样硬化导致动脉狭窄4例、拒绝急性期血管内治疗7例,最终纳入符合纳入与排除标准患者11例。(1)11例患者均成功实施血管内治疗,其中男7例;年龄52~76岁,中位数年龄64岁;高血压病9例,糖尿病3例,高脂血症7例,高同型半胱氨酸血症2例(仅9例完善了该项检查),吸烟史2例,饮酒史1例;发病至血管内治疗4.0~72.0 h,中位数时间12.0 h;左、右侧大脑半球梗死分别为3、8例,伴前后分水岭、内分水岭、前内后分水岭梗死分别为4、3、2例,伴内后、前内分水岭梗死各1例。(2)11例患者中,危险分层评分10~13分,中位数评分11分;术前NIHSS评分0~11分,中位数评分7分。(3)11例患者中,10例病变血管位于大脑中动脉,1例位于颈内动脉C7段;术前狭窄率70%~99%,中位数狭窄率86%;术前eTICI分级2a级7例,2b50级4例(存在远端血流缓慢);9例接受球囊扩张+自膨式支架置入,1例接受球囊扩张式支架置入,1例行球囊扩张治疗;术后狭窄率10%~20%,中位数狭窄率15%;术后eTICI分级2c级3例,3级8例。(4)11例患者中,术后第1天发生颅内出血1例,术后第3天新发脑梗死1例。完成术后90 d影像学随访患者8例,其中支架内再狭窄2例;术后90 d NIHSS评分0~20分,中位数评分2分;术后90 d mRS评分0~4分,中位数评分1分。mRS评分≤2分患者8例,未发生死亡事件。结论初步分析表明,症状性前循环颅内动脉重度狭窄实施急性期血管内治具有一定的有效性,但安全性有待继续观察。危险分层评分对高危患者的筛选仍需大样本、多中心研究进一步探讨。

李氏一指禅推拿联合Vocastim-Master吞咽言语诊治仪治疗脑卒中吞咽功能障碍的疗效观察

目的观察李氏一指禅推拿联合Vocastim-Master吞咽言语诊治仪治疗脑卒中吞咽功能障碍的疗效。方法将60例脑卒中吞咽功能障碍患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组30例,实际对照组完成30例,治疗组29例。两组均予以常规内科治疗及常规吞咽功能康复训练,对照组采用Vocastim-Master吞咽言语诊治仪治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上联合李氏一指禅推拿治疗。治疗前和治疗3周后分别采用吞咽功能评分、改良曼恩吞咽能力评估量表(modified Mann assessment of swallowing ability,MMASA)评价吞咽功能,采用临床肺部感染评分(clinical pulmonary infection score,CPIS)评价肺部感染情况,采用改良Barthel指数(modified Barthel index,MBI)评价日常生活活动能力,采用肌骨超声测定舌骨—甲状软骨间距离缩短率(approximation shortening rate,ASR),并根据治疗前后洼田饮水试验分级变化判定临床疗效。结果与治疗前比较,治疗后两组患者吞咽功能评分、CPIS、舌骨与甲状软骨之间的最短距离(minimum hyoid-larynx approximation,MIHLA)显著降低(P<0.05),MMASA评分、MBI、ASR显著升高(P<0.05);观察组吞咽功能评分、CPIS、MIHLA降低程度和MMASA评分、MBI、ASR升高程度显著大于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组基于洼田饮水试验分级的临床疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论李氏一指禅推拿联合Vocastim-Master吞咽言语诊治仪治疗能够改善脑卒中的吞咽功能障碍患者吞咽功能,降低肺部感染发生率,提高日常生活活动能力,修复舌骨与甲状软骨相互靠近的机制。

丹栀逍遥散联合和调督任安神针刺法对卒中后抑郁患者的临床疗效

目的探讨丹栀逍遥散联合和调督任安神针刺法对卒中后抑郁患者的临床疗效。方法98例患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组49例,对照组给予常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用丹栀逍遥散联合和调督任安神针刺法,疗程4周。检测临床疗效、MoCA评分、肠道菌群(肠球菌、乳酸杆菌、大肠埃希菌、双歧杆菌)、免疫功能指标(IgM、IgG、IgA)、抑郁状态指标(HAMD评分、SDS评分)、不良反应发生率变化。结果观察组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组MoCA评分、免疫功能指标升高(P<0.05),HAMD评分、SDS评分降低(P<0.05),肠球菌、大肠埃希菌减少(P<0.05),乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌增加(P<0.05),以观察组更明显(P<0.05)。2组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论丹栀逍遥散联合和调督任安神针刺法可安全有效地改善卒中后抑郁患者认知功能和体液免疫,调节肠道菌群,减轻抑郁症状。

F-Stroke软件指导下急性大血管闭塞性脑卒中超时间窗静脉溶栓联合血管内治疗的应用效果观察

目的:探讨F-stroke软件指导下超时间窗(4.5~9.0h)静脉溶栓联合血管内治疗急性大血管闭塞性脑卒中的应用效果。方法:选取2021年1月—2023年3月临沂市中心医院脑卒中中心收治的发病时间在4.5~9.0h的急性缺血性脑卒中患者76例。所有患者均给予重组织纤溶酶原激活物(rt-PA)静脉溶栓治疗,根据是否行血管内治疗,分为单纯溶栓组(n=37)和桥接治疗组(n=39)。单纯溶栓组单纯采用溶栓治疗,桥接治疗组采用溶栓联合血管内治疗,比较两组患者一般资料及治疗后7d美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)、90d改良Rankin量表(mRS)、24h出血性转化(HT),评估F-stroke软件指导下超时间窗静脉溶栓联合血管内治疗急性大血管闭塞性脑卒中的有效性和安全性。结果:①两组患者治疗后7d NIHSS评分、90d mRS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。但桥接治疗组患者卒中后7dNIHSS评分高于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②两组患者90dmRS评分均高于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。桥接治疗组患者90dmRS评分与单纯溶栓组患者比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。桥接治疗组患者远期预后良好比例高于单纯溶栓组患者,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。③两组患者治疗后24h HT发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组均未发生症状性颅内出血(SICH)。结论:F-stroke软件指导下超时间窗静脉溶栓联合血管内治疗急性大血管闭塞性脑卒中的应用效果较好,安全性高。