Sensory changes, C-and A-fiber function, and shoulder-hand syndrome in hemiplegic patients after stroke

BACKGROUND： Clinical diagnosis of various neurological disorders involving the sensory nerves depends primarily on subjective description, which cannot be quantitatively evaluated, and is also less reproducible and specific. Quantitative sensory testing methods can overcome these shortcomings and is currently used to identify the function of the C- and A-fibers. OBJECTIVE： To apply the quantitative sensory testing method for analyzing changes in temperature sensation, cryalgesia, thermalgesia, and vibration sense on the skin surface of hemiplegic patients with post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome, and to analyze the relationship between these changes and shoulder-hand syndrome. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A non-randomized, concurrent, control study was performed at the Clinic and Inpatient Department of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, between June 2000 and April 2001. PARTICIPANTS： Thirty post-stroke, hemiplegic patients were divided into shoulder-hand syndrome and control groups, according to whether patients exhibited shoulder-hand syndrome, with 15 patients in each group. METHODS： A TSA2001 quantitative sensory testing device （Medoc, Israel） was used for quantitative sensory testing. All sensory testing employed limits, testing temperature sense on the palm thenar eminence and vibration sense on the thumb metacarpal. Cold threshold was ≤ 28 ℃, warmth threshold was ≥ 36 ℃, cold-evoked pain threshold was ≤ 5 ℃, heat-evoked pain threshold was ≥ 51 ℃, vibration threshold was ≥ 5 μm/s; if a patient met one of these items, he/she was considered to be hypoanesthesia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Cold, warm, cold-evoked pain, heat-evoked pain and vibration threshold changes on skin from the paralyzed upper extremity was measured in the shoulder-hand syndrome and control groups. RESULTS： Incidence of sensory disability in the shoulder-hand syndrome group increased more significantly than in the control group （P 〈 0.05）, with the primary manifestations being decreased cold threshold （P 〈 0.05） and increased warmth threshold （P 〈 0.05）. The value differences between cold and cold-evoked pain thresholds, as well as between warmth and heat-evoked pain thresholds, decreased significantly in the shoulder-hand syndrome group （P 〈 0.05）. There were no significant differences between the two groups in cold-evoked pain, heat-evoked pain, or vibration thresholds. CONCLUSION： The primary manifestations of sensory impairment in hemiplegic patients with post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome were displayed as thermohypesthesia and hyperalgesia. Functional impairments of nerve fibers that control pain and temperature sense may play an important role in the pathogenesis of post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome.

Research progress on the effect of the combination of Jing acupoints bloodletting therapy and Sangzhi (Mori Ramulus) on shoulder-hand syndrome after stroke

Shoulder-hand syndrome(SHS)is one of the common complications of ischemic stroke.The pathogenesis is not completely clear and the therapeutic effects are not very satisfactory.As one of the Five-Shu acupoints(the general terms of acupoints that the twelve meridians are located below the elbow and knee of the body),Jing acupoints is distributed at the end of fingers and toes where the twelve meridians of the human body pass by,and has the functions of stimulating the meridians and dredging the channels and collaterals.For the effects of discharging neurons,promoting cerebral blood flow and improving the brain micro-circulation,Jing acupoints bloodletting therapy can effectively relieve the clinical symptoms of the patients with SHS after stroke.Sangzhi(Mori Ramulus),with the ability of dredging the meridian and relieving the pain,is also has certain treatment functions to the SHS.In clinical practice,the combination of Jing acupoints bloodletting and Sangzhi(Mori Ramulus)have been widely used in the treatment of various diseases,and in terms of their mechanism of action,the combined treatment has a positive effect on post-stroke SHS,but there are few reports on this.Therefore,it is worth affirming the efficacy of combined treatment of SHS after stroke.This article elaborates the theoretical basis of Jing acupoints bloodletting on SHS after stroke,and the research progress of Sangzhi(Mori Ramulus)in treating SHS after stroke,which provide the theoretical guidance for the combination.

Delphi and Analytic hierarchy process for the construction of a risk assessment index system for post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome

Background:Shoulder-hand syndrome(SHS)is one of the common complications after stroke,which is difficult to cure once it occurs.Early risk identification is an effective measure to prevent and treat SHS,but there is no effective tool to assess the risk assessment of SHS.Objective:To develop a validated tool to assess the risk of SHS occurrence after stroke.Methods:This was an observational study with a 3-step process:(1)Literature review to establish initial indicators;(2)Application of a modified Delphi method for two rounds of correspondence,with final indicators obtained by modifying each round based on expert opinion;(3)Application of hierarchical analysis to determine the weights of each indicator.Results:The initial literature review constructed4 primary indicators and 24 secondary indicators;after the first round of Delphi,a total of 10 secondary indicators were deleted and 6 secondary indicators were added,and the final indicators included 3 primary indicators and 15 secondary indicators,and in the second round,consensus was reached;by AHP analysis,the highest weight was given to existing risk factors(0.5584),followed by relevant medical history(0.3196);lastly,demographic factors(0.1220),and the scores of other secondary indicators met the requirements.Conclusion:This study establishes and constructs a post-stroke SHS risk assessment tool,which provides a basis for early identification of SHS and early intervention.Meanwhile,this study provides a methodological reference for the development of other indicatorssets.

Timeliness of the analgesic effect of superficial needling on shoulder-hand syndrome after stroke

Objective To observe the correlation between analgesic effect and duration of analgesic effect of superficial needling for shoulder pain of shoulderhand syndrome（SHS） after stroke, so as to screen the best time period of analgesia. Methods A total of 120 patients with SHS after stroke（stage I） were recruited and superficial needling therapy was applied. Two obvious tenderness points on the affected shoulder of patients were found out. The site 80–100 mm down each tenderness point was selected for superficial needling. Bimanual needling technique was applied after inserting needles. The surrounding of tenderness points was pinched and grasped by left hand above the needling, and the technique of green dragon swaying tail was applied by right hand. The needles at each acupoint were manipulated for3 min and retained for 30 min. The analgesic effect was evaluated dynamically by visual analogue scale（VAS） in 120 patients before treatment, immediately after treatment, 30 min after treatment, 1 h after treatment and 24 h after treatment. The analgesic effects at different time were statistically analyzed by generalized estimating equation. Results The mean values of VAS were 7.483, 3.950, 4.767, 5.917 and 7.217, respectively, before treatment, immediately after treatment, 30 min after treatment, 1 h after treatment and 24 h after treatment. The difference of analgesic effect at different time was statistically significant（P〈0.01）; the difference of analgesic effect of superficial needling in treatment of SHS after stroke was significant between immediately after treatment and 30 min after treatment（both P〈0.05）, while there was no significant difference between 1 h after treatment and 24 h after treatment（both P〈0.05）. Conclusion Analgesic effect of superficial needling for shoulder pain of SHS after stroke was different at different time points and decreased over time; analgesic effect was the most significant immediately after treatment and the optimal duration of analgesic effect was from immediately to 30 min after superficial needling therapy.

通督益脑化痰法结合针刺治疗急性缺血性卒中吞咽障碍痰瘀阻络证疗效观察

目的探讨通督益脑化痰法结合针刺促进急性缺血性卒中吞咽障碍痰瘀阻络证患者康复效果。方法研究纳入112例急性缺血性卒中吞咽障碍痰瘀阻络证患者以随机数字表法纳入患者分为对照组(56例)、中医组(56例),给予对照组患者咽部肌肉电刺激治疗,给予中医组患者咽部肌肉电刺激结合通督益脑化痰法及针刺治疗,各组数据观察:治疗前后患者洼田饮水试验评分(water test score,WST)变化及功能性经口摄食量表(functional oral feeding scale,FOIS)评分变化、吞咽困难评价量表(dysphagia evaluation scale,VFSS)及标准吞咽功能评价量表(standard swallowing function evaluation scale,SSA)评分变化、治疗效果、并发症、治疗前后患者中医证候总积分及美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(national institutes of health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分变化、治疗,前后患者脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)及白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)水平变化、生活质量量表(generic quality of life inventory-74,GQOLI-74)评分变化。结果治疗前,各组患者WST评分、FOIS评分、VFSS评分、SSA评分、中医证候总积分以及NIHSS评分、BDNF、IL-6及TNF-α水平、GQOLI-74评分等指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后各组患者WST评分、FOIS评分、VFSS评分、SSA评分、中医证候总积分以及NIHSS评分、BDNF、IL-6及TNF-α水平、GQOLI-74评分等指标均改善,中医组患者治疗后WST评分、FOIS评分、VFSS评分、SSA评分、中医证候总积分以及NIHSS评分、BDNF、IL-6及TNF-α水平、GQOLI-74评分等指标均优于对照组(P<0.05);中医组患者治疗总有效率高于对照组,并发症发生率低于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论通督益脑化痰法结合针刺疗法可较好促进急性缺血性卒中吞咽障碍痰瘀阻络证患者康复,患者治疗效果提升,吞咽功能及神经功能、生活质量均改善,且患者并发症率低,较为安全可靠,值得应用。

Therapeutic effect of acupuncture and massage for shoulder-hand syndrome in hemiplegia patients:a clinical two-center randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the therapeutic effects of acupuncture and massage for shoulder-hand syndrome in hemiplegia patients.METHODS:One hundred and twenty hemiplegia patients with stage I shoulder-hand syndrome were randomly divided into a group treated with standardized electric acupuncture and massage,and a group treated with rehabilitation therapy for 6 weeks.The primary indices evaluated were pain on passive movement of the shoulder using the numeric pain rating scale(NPRS),and the number of patients with shoulder-hand syndrome at Steinbrocker stage II or III after treatment.The secondary indices were Fugl-Meyer evaluation of functional movement of the upper limb and hand using the modified rankin scale(MRS).RESULTS:At post-treatment evaluation and a 12-week follow-up visit,NPRS score,number of patients with stage II or III shoulder-hand syndrome,and MRS score were all improved in the acupuncture-massage group compared with the rehabilitation group(P<0.05).On Fugl-Meyer evaluation,functional movement of the upper limb was also improved in the acupuncture-massage group compared with the rehabilitation group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Standardized acupuncture-massage therapy may have curative effects on shoulder-hand syndrome in hemiplegia patients.

Clinical Observation on Electroacupuncture Treatment of Shoulder-Hand Syndrome in Apoplectic Hemiplegia

Objective： To investigate the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture on shoulder-hand syndrome in apoplectic hemiplegia. Methods： One hundred and sixty patients were randomly divided into two groups. 80 cases in the control group was treated by conventional acupuncture by filiform needles and 80 cases in the treatment group were treated by electroacupuncture. The therapeutic effects were evaluated after two courses of treatment. Results： After two courses of treatment, the therapeutic effect for edema on back of the hand and hand pain in digital flexion and the total effective rate were better in the treatment group than in the control group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Electroacupuncture is of significant importance for relieving pain on back of hand, preventing the muscular atrophy of hand and promoting recovery from apoplexy.

浮针结合康复训练治疗肩手综合征疗效观察

【目的】观察浮针结合康复训练治疗肩手综合征的临床疗效。【方法】将80例中风后肩手综合征患者随机分为2组,治疗组42例采用浮针结合康复训练治疗;对照组38例采用常规针刺结合康复训练治疗。经过14 d治疗后,采用肩手综合征评估量表(SHSS)、疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)、上肢神经功能缺损量表(NDS)和简化上肢Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表(FMA)进行评价,观察其临床疗效。【结果】(1)治疗14 d后,2组患者上肢的损伤程度、疼痛程度、神经功能缺损程度、运动功能等均有好转,与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01),且治疗组好转程度显著优于对照组,治疗后2组差值比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。(2)治疗组总有效率为92.86%,对照组为86.84%,治疗组疗效优于对照组,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。【结论】浮针结合康复训练治疗肩手综合征疗效确切,操作简便,具有较高的临床价值。

针刺星状神经节对脑卒中后肩手综合征的疗效研究

【目的】比较针刺星状神经节与常规针刺治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征的临床疗效差异。【方法】将90例脑卒中后肩手综合征(第Ⅰ期或第Ⅱ期)患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各45例。2组患者均给予基础康复训练,治疗组同时予以针刺颈部的双侧星状神经节,行捻转泻法;对照组给予常规针刺治疗,穴位选取极泉、尺泽、肩髃、曲池、手三里、合谷,极泉、尺泽用提插泻法,余穴用平补平泻法。2组均每天治疗1次,共治疗14次。采用证候总积分、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、改良Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定积分量表(FMA)和改良Barthel指数对患者治疗前后症状变化、上肢疼痛、上肢综合运动功能、日常生活活动能力进行评价,并比较2组临床疗效。【结果】(1)治疗后,2组患者的证候总积分、VAS评分、FMA评分、改良Barthel指数均较治疗前显著改善(P<0.01),且治疗组的改善作用均优于对照组(P<0.01)。(2)治疗组总有效率为93.33%,对照组为73.33%,治疗组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。(3)治疗期间,2组患者依从性良好,均能正常完成整个治疗过程,无脱落病例;2组均未见明显不良反应,具有较好的安全性。【结论】针刺星状神经节对脑卒中后肩手综合征患者有显著疗效,其疗效优于常规针刺治疗。

星状神经节埋线结合康复训练治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征疗效观察

目的:探究星状神经节埋线结合康复训练对肩手综合征的疗效。方法:将90例脑卒中后肩手综合征患者随机分为埋线组、电针组和康复组,每组30例。3组患者均给予康复训练治疗,针刺组给予常规电针治疗,埋线组予以颈部双侧星状神经节埋线治疗。治疗1个疗程后,采用证候总积分、视觉模拟评分、FCA评分对患者治疗前后症状改善,上肢疼痛及综合功能进行评价,并比较两组临床疗效。结果:(1)治疗后,3组患者的证候总积分、VAS评分、FCA评分均较治疗前显著改善(P<0.01),且埋线组均优于电针组及康复组(P<0.05)。(2)埋线组总有效率达92.50%,电针组80.00%,康复组75%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)3组患者均无脱落病例,依从性好,都能正常完成整个治疗过程,且未出现明显的不良反应。结论:星状神经节埋线结合康复训练对脑卒中后肩手综合征患者有显著疗效,其疗效优于电针组及单纯的康复训练治疗。

缺血性脑卒中患者合并不宁腿综合征的特点和临床意义

目的:研究缺血性脑卒中患者不宁腿综合征(RLS)的患病率、危险因素、临床特点以及对缺血性脑卒中的影响。方法:收集2016年1月至2018年6月在浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院神经内科住院的缺血性脑卒中患者199例。所有患者接受了多导睡眠监测。RLS采用国际RLS研究组制订的标准确诊。收集患者住院期间的临床资料进行危险因素分析。用Epworth嗜睡量表(ESS)评估患者的睡眠质量,简易智力状态检查评估患者的认知功能,患者的健康问卷(PHQ-9)评估患者的抑郁症状,采用美国国立卫生院卒中量表(NIHSS)评估患者的神经功能。选取年龄和性别匹配的原发性RLS患者,评估缺血性脑卒中合并RLS患者的多导睡眠监测特征。结果:199例缺血性脑卒中患者中有22例存在RLS(11.1%)。广义线性模型和Logistic回归分析提示血清铁蛋白水平下降(β=-133.3mg/L,95%CI:-200.4^-70.1,P<0.01),皮层下梗死(OR=4.05,95%CI:1.15~14.18,P<0.05)和女性(OR=2.54,95%CI:1.04~6.23,P<0.05)是缺血性脑卒中合并RLS的危险因素。与不合并RLS的缺血性脑卒中患者比较,合并RLS的缺血性脑卒中患者ESS值升高4.37分(95%CI:2.33~6.41,P<0.01),PHQ-9分值增加2.17分(95%CI:0.39~3.94,P<0.05),中重度抑郁风险增加4.27倍(95%CI:1.40~13.10,P<0.05),NIHSS减分值减少0.97分(95%CI:-1.79^-0.15,P<0.05)。与原发性RLS患者相比,合并缺血性脑卒中的RLS患者伴微觉醒的周期性腿动指数增加(β=12.85,95%CI:2.04~23.67,P<0.05)。结论:RLS在缺血性脑卒中患者中较常见,且对缺血性脑卒中患者造成不利影响,应重视筛查和治疗。

脑卒中后肩-手综合征的干预对运动功能的影响

目的了解偏瘫患者经过康复治疗出院后功能恢复与并发症干预的关系。方法 112例脑卒中偏瘫患者在出院时随机分为治疗组和对照组;治疗组进行肩-手综合征预防和治疗;于出院后15d、1个月、3个月、6个月观察两组Fugl-Meyer评定、Bar-thel指数及肩-手综合征发病率。结果 Fugl-Meyer评定和Barthel指数评分,两组间有非常显著性差异(P<0.01);肩-手综合征发病率随时间延长逐步上升。结论 脑卒中患者出院后1～6个月多并发肩-手综合征,制定有效的预防、康复治疗和建立接管机制至关重要。

电针联合康复训练治疗中风后肩手综合征疗效观察

目的探讨电针联合康复训练对中风后肩手综合征的影响。方法将80例中风后肩手综合征患者随机分为试验组和对照组,每组40例。试验组采用电针治疗联合康复训练加西医基础治疗,对照组采用康复训练加西医基础治疗,疗程为每星期3次,共4个星期。观察两组治疗前后患侧肩痛程度、上肢运动功能指标,并同时进行疗效评价。结果两组治疗后肩痛程度视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、上肢运动功能Fugl-Meyer评分(Fugl-Meyer assessment,FMA)较治疗前均有不同程度改善(P<0.01),且试验组视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Fugl-Meyer评分(FMA)改善较对照组更显著(P<0.01)。结论在西医基础治疗同时,电针联合康复训练能明显改善中风后肩手综合征肩痛程度及上肢运动功能。

靳三针配合药线灸治疗中风后肩手综合征Ⅰ期的临床疗效观察

【目的】观察靳三针配合药线灸治疗中风后肩手综合征Ⅰ期的临床疗效。【方法】采取简单随机对照方法,将符合纳入标准的60例患者随机分为靳三针线灸组32例和普通针刺组28例。靳三针线灸组给予靳三针及药线灸治疗,普通针刺组给予常规针刺治疗,2组均每天治疗1次,每周连续治疗5次,3周为个1疗程。疗程结束后对2组临床疗效、上肢运动能力简化Fugl-Meyer评分及疼痛视觉模拟(VAS)评分进行观察比较。【结果】(1)在临床疗效方面:靳三针线灸组的总有效率为93.7%,普通针刺组为82.1%;靳三针线灸组的疗效优于普通针刺组(P<0.05)。(2)在简化Fugl-Meyer评分方面:治疗后,2组上肢的运动功能均显著改善(P<0.05或P<0.01),且靳三针线灸组在改善上肢的运动功能方面优于普通针刺组(P<0.05)。(3)在VAS评分方面:治疗后,2组上肢的疼痛程度均显著缓解(P<0.05或P<0.01),且靳三针线灸组在缓解上肢的疼痛程度方面优于普通针刺组(P<0.05)。【结论】靳三针配合药线灸治疗中风后肩手综合征Ⅰ期效果显著,具有较好的临床疗效。

综合康复疗法治疗中风后肩手综合征疗效观察

目的观察综合康复疗法治疗中风后肩手综合征的临床疗效。方法将60例中风后肩手综合征患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例。治疗组采用针刺配合正确体位摆放、康复训练、蜡饼法和中频药透疗法治疗,对照组仅采用针刺配合正确体位摆放治疗。对两组患者治疗前后肢体功能、疼痛、水肿程度、日常生活活动能力进行评定,比较两组临床疗效。结果治疗组总有效率为93.3%,对照组为66.7%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。治疗组治疗后各项指标(上肢Fugle-Meyer运动功能评分、肩关节活动度、GPE、VAS评分及水肿评分)与同组治疗前比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。治疗组治疗后各项指标与对照组比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论综合康复疗法治疗中风后肩手综合征,可明显改善疼痛及肿胀症状,提高患者肢体运动功能和日常生活活动能力。

扶阳埋线法治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征临床观察

目的观察扶阳埋线法(穴位埋入参附注射液浸泡羊肠线)治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征的临床疗效。方法将120例患者分成治疗组和对照组,每组60例,治疗组用扶阳埋线法治疗,对照组用常规针刺治疗,30 d后观察两组患者临床症状、关节活动度及疼痛评分变化情况、患侧上肢Fugl-Meyer运动功能评分及总体疗效。结果治疗组总有效率为95.0%,对照组为85.0%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在常规治疗及康复训练的基础上,扶阳埋线法和常规针刺法均可缓解肩手综合征所致疼痛,增加活动度,能明显改善上肢运动功能。但扶阳埋线法效果优于常规针刺组。

全经针刺配合康复训练治疗中风后肩手综合征疗效观察

目的观察全经针刺法配合康复训练治疗中风后肩手综合征的临床疗效。方法将符合纳入标准的60例中风后肩手综合征患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例。治疗组采用全经针刺配合康复训练治疗,对照组采用单纯康复训练治疗。治疗2个疗程后,观察两组治疗前后简化上肢运动功能评分(FMA)、视觉模拟评分量表评分(VAS)和水肿评分,并比较两组临床疗效。结果两组治疗后FMA、VAS及水肿评分与同组治疗前比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。治疗组治疗后FMA、VAS及水肿评分与对照组比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组总有效率为83.3%,对照组为76.7%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论全经针刺配合康复训练是一种治疗中风后肩手综合征的有效方法。

靳三针疗法治疗卒中后肩手综合征随机对照研究

【目的】评价靳三针疗法治疗卒中后肩手综合征的临床疗效。【方法】采用简单随机法将82例患者分为治疗组42例和对照组40例,治疗组采用靳三针疗法治疗,对照组使用康复训练治疗。治疗前后采用神经功能缺损评分(NDS)和日常生活能力(ADL)量表评价患者的整体功能水平,并在治疗1个疗程(28 d)后进行疗效观察。【结果】(1)排除脱落病例,靳三针组40例、对照组39例进入统计分析处理。(2)治疗后2组NDS、ADL评分均较治疗前有显著改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗后2组比较,靳三针组的改善程度均显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。(3)靳三针组的痊愈率、总有效率和临床综合疗效均显著优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。【结论】靳三针疗法治疗卒中后肩手综合征,能有效改善卒中后肩手综合征患者的神经功能缺损情况及日常生活能力,提高痊愈率、总有效率和临床综合疗效。

冠心病合并中风证候演变规律研究

研究用聚类分析方法将冠心病合并中风分为三期6个证型,并根据证候构成比及概率转移矩阵结果总结了证候演变规律。急性期以标实(风邪、热邪)为主、本虚(脾气虚、肾阴虚)为次;恢复期以本虚标实、虚实夹杂为特征,"脾气虚+痰饮"最为突出;后遗症期以本虚(脾气虚、肾阴虚、肝血虚、肾阳虚)为主、标实(痰饮、风邪、血瘀、寒凝)为次;各阶段证候均可演变为下一阶段所有证候,体现了本病由急至缓、由重至轻的演变过程。该研究结果有助于临床医师直观地认识冠心病合并中风的本质,确定理法方药,从而提高临床辨治水平及证候的规范化水平。

高血压中医辨证施护

目的:提高对高血压患者的护理水平及自我护理能力,减轻症状,延缓或消除并发症的发生,提高生活质量。方法:根据高血压病理特点及中医的常见证型,对患者进行起居护理、膳食护理、情志护理、康复锻炼护理、辨证施护护理、兼证护理。结果:通过以上各项护理,有效的改善了高血压患者的生活质量,降低了并发症的发病率。结论:为高血压病的中医临床护理提供借鉴与参考模式。