The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between admission clinical characteristics and outcomes at discharge among acute ischemic stroke patients in the Chinese population. A total of 2,673...The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between admission clinical characteristics and outcomes at discharge among acute ischemic stroke patients in the Chinese population. A total of 2,673 patients with acute ischemic stroke were included in the present study. The clinical characteristics at admission and other study variables were collected for all patients. The study outcome was defined as neurological deficiency （National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score ≥ 10） at discharge or in-hospital death. Compared with the subjects without neurological deficiency at discharge or in-hospital death, the subjects with neurological deficiency at discharge or in-hospital death had a significantly higher prevalence of hyperglycemia or history of atrial fibrillation at admission. Age ≥ 80 years, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and history of atrial fibrillation were significantly associated with neurological deficiency at discharge or in-hospital death after adjustment for other variables. It is concluded that old age （ ≥ 80 years）, hyperglycemia, hypertension and history of atrial fibrillation are significantly associated with neurological deficiency at discharge or in-hospital death among patients with acute ischemic stroke.展开更多
Stroke is a leading cause of disability and death,yet effective treatments for acute stroke has been very limited.Thus far,tissue plasminogen activator has been the only FDA-approved drug for thrombolytic treatment of...Stroke is a leading cause of disability and death,yet effective treatments for acute stroke has been very limited.Thus far,tissue plasminogen activator has been the only FDA-approved drug for thrombolytic treatment of ischemic stroke patients,yet its application is only applicable to less than 4–5% of stroke patients due to the narrow therapeutic window（〈 4.5 hours after the onset of stroke） and the high risk of hemorrhagic transformation.Emerging evidence from basic and clinical studies has shown that therapeutic hypothermia,also known as targeted temperature management,can be a promising therapy for patients with different types of stroke.Moreover,the success in animal models using pharmacologically induced hypothermia（PIH） has gained increasing momentum for clinical translation of hypothermic therapy.This review provides an updated overview of the mechanisms and protective effects of therapeutic hypothermia,as well as the recent development and findings behind PIH treatment.It is expected that a safe and effective hypothermic therapy has a high translational potential for clinical treatment of patients with stroke and other CNS injuries.展开更多
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in adults worldwide,resulting in huge social and financial burdens.Extracts from herbs,especially those used in Chinese medicine,have emerged as new pharmace...Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in adults worldwide,resulting in huge social and financial burdens.Extracts from herbs,especially those used in Chinese medicine,have emerged as new pharmaceuticals for stroke treatment.Here we review the evidence from preclinical studies investigating neuroprotective properties of Chinese medicinal compounds through their application in acute and subacute phases of ischemic stroke,and highlight potential mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effects.It is noteworthy that many herbal compounds have been shown to target multiple mechanisms and in combinations may exert synergistic effects on signaling pathways,thereby attenuating multiple aspects of ischemic pathology.We conclude the paper with a general discussion of the prospects for novel natural compound-based regimens against stroke.展开更多
Stroke is a debilitating disease that affects millions each year. While in many cases cerebral ischemic injury can be limited by effective resuscitation or thrombolytic treatment, the injured neurons wither in a proce...Stroke is a debilitating disease that affects millions each year. While in many cases cerebral ischemic injury can be limited by effective resuscitation or thrombolytic treatment, the injured neurons wither in a process known as delayed neuronal death (DND). Mounting evidence indicates that DND is not simply necrosis played out in slow motion but apoptosis is triggered. Of particular interest are two groups of signal proteins that participate in apoptosis cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) and p53 among a myriad of signaling events after an ischemic insult. Recent investigations have shown that CDKs, a family of enzymes initially known for their role in cell cycle regulation, are activated in injured neurons in DND. As for p53, new reports suggest that its up regulation may represent a failed attempt to rescue injured neurons, although its up regulation was previously considered an indication of apoptosis. These observations thus rekindle an old quest to identify new neuroprotective targets to minimize the stroke damage. In this review, the author will examine the evidence that indicates the participation of CDKs and p53 in DND and then introduce pre clinical data to explore CDK inhibition as a potential neuroprotective target. Finally, using CDK inhibition as an example, this paper will discuss the pertinent criteria for a viable neuroprotective strategy for ischemic injury.展开更多
目的:探讨床旁超声心动图评估不同脑死亡原因的潜在成人心脏移植供体的价值。方法:选取2018年2月至2020年12月在中国医学科学院阜外医院评估的670例潜在成人心脏移植供体的床旁超声心动图及临床资料。根据不同脑死亡原因将供体分为脑卒...目的:探讨床旁超声心动图评估不同脑死亡原因的潜在成人心脏移植供体的价值。方法:选取2018年2月至2020年12月在中国医学科学院阜外医院评估的670例潜在成人心脏移植供体的床旁超声心动图及临床资料。根据不同脑死亡原因将供体分为脑卒中组(包括出血性脑卒中和缺血性脑卒中,n=398)和非脑卒中组(包括脑外伤、脑肿瘤、缺血缺氧性脑病,n=272),比较两组供体超声心动图及临床特点。由中国人体器官分配系统分至我院且符合供体入选标准的供体350例,脑卒中组195例,非脑卒中组155例,我院外科行获取手术,比较两组心脏有效获取率。结果:(1)670例潜在成人心脏移植供体中,与非脑卒中组比,脑卒中组供体的年龄更大、体重指数更高、左心室舒张末期内径更大、室间隔厚度更厚、有高血压史比例更高、不符合超声心动图入选标准比例更高,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。670例潜在成人心脏移植供体中,共检出不符合超声心动图入选标准供体117例(17.5%),主要原因为左心室壁增厚有59例(50.4%)、左心室射血分数<50%有27例(23.1%)、室壁运动异常有21例(17.9%)、左心扩大有14例(12.0%)。(2)由中国人体器官分配系统分至我院且符合供体入选标准的350例供体中,心脏成功获取并移植246例(70.3%),其中脑卒中供体110例(44.7%),非脑卒中供体136例(55.3%)。与非脑卒中组比,脑卒中组的心脏获取成功率低[87.7%(136/155) vs. 56.4%(110/195),P<0.001]。外科手术未能成功获取104例(29.7%),获取不成功的主要原因为供心的冠状动脉任何一支主干发生堵塞,为91例(87.5%)。结论:应用床旁超声心动图筛查潜在移植供体的心脏,具有重要价值。脑死亡原因为脑卒中的潜在供体与非脑卒中供体的心脏结构有差异。即使初步供体评估合格,脑卒中供体的心脏获取成功率仍比非脑卒中供体低。展开更多
文摘The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between admission clinical characteristics and outcomes at discharge among acute ischemic stroke patients in the Chinese population. A total of 2,673 patients with acute ischemic stroke were included in the present study. The clinical characteristics at admission and other study variables were collected for all patients. The study outcome was defined as neurological deficiency （National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score ≥ 10） at discharge or in-hospital death. Compared with the subjects without neurological deficiency at discharge or in-hospital death, the subjects with neurological deficiency at discharge or in-hospital death had a significantly higher prevalence of hyperglycemia or history of atrial fibrillation at admission. Age ≥ 80 years, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and history of atrial fibrillation were significantly associated with neurological deficiency at discharge or in-hospital death after adjustment for other variables. It is concluded that old age （ ≥ 80 years）, hyperglycemia, hypertension and history of atrial fibrillation are significantly associated with neurological deficiency at discharge or in-hospital death among patients with acute ischemic stroke.
基金supported by an American Heart Association(AHA)Postdoctoral Fellowship 15POST25680013(JHL)NIH grants NS085568(SPY)a VA Merit grant RX000666(SPY)
文摘Stroke is a leading cause of disability and death,yet effective treatments for acute stroke has been very limited.Thus far,tissue plasminogen activator has been the only FDA-approved drug for thrombolytic treatment of ischemic stroke patients,yet its application is only applicable to less than 4–5% of stroke patients due to the narrow therapeutic window（〈 4.5 hours after the onset of stroke） and the high risk of hemorrhagic transformation.Emerging evidence from basic and clinical studies has shown that therapeutic hypothermia,also known as targeted temperature management,can be a promising therapy for patients with different types of stroke.Moreover,the success in animal models using pharmacologically induced hypothermia（PIH） has gained increasing momentum for clinical translation of hypothermic therapy.This review provides an updated overview of the mechanisms and protective effects of therapeutic hypothermia,as well as the recent development and findings behind PIH treatment.It is expected that a safe and effective hypothermic therapy has a high translational potential for clinical treatment of patients with stroke and other CNS injuries.
基金supported by AHA Award 14SDG20480186(to LC)Kentucky Spinal Cord&Head Injury Research Trust Grant 14-12A(to KES)Startup Funds from Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine to Young Investigators(1410170078)(to BZ)
文摘Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in adults worldwide,resulting in huge social and financial burdens.Extracts from herbs,especially those used in Chinese medicine,have emerged as new pharmaceuticals for stroke treatment.Here we review the evidence from preclinical studies investigating neuroprotective properties of Chinese medicinal compounds through their application in acute and subacute phases of ischemic stroke,and highlight potential mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effects.It is noteworthy that many herbal compounds have been shown to target multiple mechanisms and in combinations may exert synergistic effects on signaling pathways,thereby attenuating multiple aspects of ischemic pathology.We conclude the paper with a general discussion of the prospects for novel natural compound-based regimens against stroke.
文摘Stroke is a debilitating disease that affects millions each year. While in many cases cerebral ischemic injury can be limited by effective resuscitation or thrombolytic treatment, the injured neurons wither in a process known as delayed neuronal death (DND). Mounting evidence indicates that DND is not simply necrosis played out in slow motion but apoptosis is triggered. Of particular interest are two groups of signal proteins that participate in apoptosis cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) and p53 among a myriad of signaling events after an ischemic insult. Recent investigations have shown that CDKs, a family of enzymes initially known for their role in cell cycle regulation, are activated in injured neurons in DND. As for p53, new reports suggest that its up regulation may represent a failed attempt to rescue injured neurons, although its up regulation was previously considered an indication of apoptosis. These observations thus rekindle an old quest to identify new neuroprotective targets to minimize the stroke damage. In this review, the author will examine the evidence that indicates the participation of CDKs and p53 in DND and then introduce pre clinical data to explore CDK inhibition as a potential neuroprotective target. Finally, using CDK inhibition as an example, this paper will discuss the pertinent criteria for a viable neuroprotective strategy for ischemic injury.
文摘目的:探讨床旁超声心动图评估不同脑死亡原因的潜在成人心脏移植供体的价值。方法:选取2018年2月至2020年12月在中国医学科学院阜外医院评估的670例潜在成人心脏移植供体的床旁超声心动图及临床资料。根据不同脑死亡原因将供体分为脑卒中组(包括出血性脑卒中和缺血性脑卒中,n=398)和非脑卒中组(包括脑外伤、脑肿瘤、缺血缺氧性脑病,n=272),比较两组供体超声心动图及临床特点。由中国人体器官分配系统分至我院且符合供体入选标准的供体350例,脑卒中组195例,非脑卒中组155例,我院外科行获取手术,比较两组心脏有效获取率。结果:(1)670例潜在成人心脏移植供体中,与非脑卒中组比,脑卒中组供体的年龄更大、体重指数更高、左心室舒张末期内径更大、室间隔厚度更厚、有高血压史比例更高、不符合超声心动图入选标准比例更高,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。670例潜在成人心脏移植供体中,共检出不符合超声心动图入选标准供体117例(17.5%),主要原因为左心室壁增厚有59例(50.4%)、左心室射血分数<50%有27例(23.1%)、室壁运动异常有21例(17.9%)、左心扩大有14例(12.0%)。(2)由中国人体器官分配系统分至我院且符合供体入选标准的350例供体中,心脏成功获取并移植246例(70.3%),其中脑卒中供体110例(44.7%),非脑卒中供体136例(55.3%)。与非脑卒中组比,脑卒中组的心脏获取成功率低[87.7%(136/155) vs. 56.4%(110/195),P<0.001]。外科手术未能成功获取104例(29.7%),获取不成功的主要原因为供心的冠状动脉任何一支主干发生堵塞,为91例(87.5%)。结论:应用床旁超声心动图筛查潜在移植供体的心脏,具有重要价值。脑死亡原因为脑卒中的潜在供体与非脑卒中供体的心脏结构有差异。即使初步供体评估合格,脑卒中供体的心脏获取成功率仍比非脑卒中供体低。
