Structural Intensity Characterization of Composite Laminates Subjected to Impact Load

Structural intensity (SI) characterization of composite laminates subjected to impact load was dis-cussed. The SI pattern of the laminates which have different fiber orientations and boundary conditions was analyzed. The resultant forces and velocities of the laminates were calculated, and the structural intensity was evaluated. The SI streamlines of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite laminates and the steel plates were discussed. The results show that the SI streamlines of the graphite/epoxy laminates are different from that of the steel plates, and the SI streamlines are influenced by the boundaries, the stacking sequence of the composite laminates. The change of the historical central displacement of the graphite/epoxy laminates is fasten than that of the steel plates.

Subjective annoyance caused by indoor low-level and low frequency noise and control method

The influence of low_level noise has not been widely noticed. This paper discovered that low_level and low frequency noise(A_weighted equivalent level L eq <45 dB) causes higher probability of subjective annoyance. The fuzzy mathematic principle was applied to deal with the threshold level of subjective annoyance from noise in this study; there is preferable relationship between the indoor noise and noise annoyance at low frequency noise level. Study indicated at the same centered noise level, the change of annoyance probability is mainly caused by the change of the frequency spectrum characteristic of the indoor noise. Under low noise level environment, without change of the medium_low frequency noise, the slight increase of medium_high frequency noise level with the help of noise sheltering effect can significantly reduce the noise annoyance. This discovery brings a new resolution on how to improve the environmental quality of working or living places. A noise control model is given in this study according to the acoustic analysis.

Noise Reduction of an Axial Piston Pump by Valve Plate Optimization

Current researches mainly focus on the investigations of the valve plate utilizing pressure relief grooves. However,air?release and cavitation can occur near the grooves. The valve plate utilizing damping holes show excellent perfor?mance in avoiding air?release and cavitation. This study aims to reduce the noise emitted from an axial piston pump using a novel valve plate utilizing damping holes. A dynamic pump model is developed,in which the fluid properties are carefully modeled to capture the phenomena of air release and cavitation. The causes of di erent noise sources are investigated using the model. A comprehensive parametric analysis is conducted to enhance the understanding of the e ects of the valve plate parameters on the noise sources. A multi?objective genetic algorithm optimization method is proposed to optimize the parameters of valve plate. The amplitudes of the swash plate moment and flow rates in the inlet and outlet ports are defined as the objective functions. The pressure overshoot and undershoot in the piston chamber are limited by properly constraining the highest and lowest pressure values. A comparison of the various noise sources between the original and optimized designs over a wide range of pressure levels shows that the noise sources are reduced at high pressures. The results of the sound pressure level measurements show that the optimized valve plate reduces the noise level by 1.6 d B(A) at the rated working condition. The proposed method is e ective in reducing the noise of axial piston pumps and contributes to the development of quieter axial piston machines.

Optimal Design and Experimental Verification of Low Radiation Noise of Gearbox

Reducing the radiated noise of a gearbox is a difficult problem in aviation,navigation,machinery,and other fields.Structural improvement is the main means of noise reduction for a gearbox,and it is realized primarily through contribution analysis and structure optimization.However,these approaches have certain limitations.In this study,a low-noise design method for a gearbox that combines the two approaches is proposed,and experimental verification is performed.First,a finite element/boundary element model is established using a single-stage herringbone gearbox.Considering the vibration excitation of the gear system,the radiation noise of a single-stage gearbox is predicted based on the modal acoustic transfer vector(MATV)method.Subsequently,the maximum field point of the radiated noise is determined,and the acoustic transfer vector(ATV)analysis and modal acoustic contribution(MAC)analysis are conducted to determine the region that contributes significantly to the radiated noise of the field point.The optimization region is selected through the panel acoustic contribution(PAC)analysis.Next,to reduce the normal speed in the optimization region,topology optimization is performed.According to the topology optimization results,four different noise reduction structures are added to the gearbox,and the low-noise optimization models are established respectively.Finally,by measuring the radiated noise of the gearbox before and after optimization under a given working condition,the validity of the radiated noise prediction method and the low-noise optimization design method are verified by comparing the simulation and experimental data.A comparison of the four optimization models proves that the noise reduction effect can be achieved only by adding a noise reduction structure to the center of the density nephogram.

Finite element analysis of dynamic response and structure borne noise of gearbox

A dynamic finite element method combined with finite element mixed formula for contact problem is used to analyze the dynamic characteristics of gear system. Considering the stiffness excitation, error excitation and meshing shock excitation, the dynamic finite element model is established for the entire gear system which includes gears, shafts, bearings and gearbox housing. By the software of I-DEAS, the natural frequency, normal mode, dynamic time-domain response, frequency-domain response and one-third octave velocity grade structure borne noise of gear system are studied by the method of theoretical modal analysis and dynamic response analysis. The maximum values of vibration and structure borne noise are occurred at the mesh frequency of output grade gearing.

Super-Resolution Image Reconstruction Based on an Improved Maximum a Posteriori Algorithm

A maximum a posteriori（ MAP） algorithm is proposed to improve the accuracy of super resolution（ SR） reconstruction in traditional methods. The algorithm applies both joints image registration and SR reconstruction in the framework,but separates them in the process of iteratiion. Firstly,we estimate the shifting parameters through two lowresolution（ LR） images and use the parameters to reconstruct initial HR images. Then,we update the shifting parameters using HR images. The aforementioned steps are repeated until the ideal HR images are obtained. The metrics such as PSNR and SSIM are used to fully evaluate the quality of the reconstructed image. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method can enhance image resolution efficiently.

PREDICTION OF SOUND RESPONSES IN BOX-LIKE STRUCTURES

An analytical model based on statistical energy analysis (SEA) is developed for the sound pressurelevels inside a box-like structure due to wide-band random excitation applied at a prescribed point on thestructure.Some conditions that the sound field inside cavity must adapts to SEA assumes are given. Thesound responses inside the box structure for four different input mobilities are predicted using the SEA modeland compared with expermental results On the basis of these results,possible ways of reducing the noise in-side the box structure are suggested.

Crustal S-velocity structure and radial anisotropy beneath the southern part of central and western North China Craton and the adjacent Qilian Orogenic Belt from ambient noise tomography

The crustal S-velocity structure and radial anisotropy along a dense linear portable seismic array with 64 broadband seismic stations were investigated from ambient noise tomography with about one-year-long ambient noise recordings. The array transverses the southern part of the central North China Craton(CNCC) and western NCC(WNCC) from east to west and reaches the adjacent Qilian Orogenic Belt(QOB). The phase velocity structures of Rayleigh waves at 5–35 s and Love waves at 5–30 s were measured. The crustal S-velocity structures(Vsv and Vsh) were constructed from the dispersion data(Rayleigh and Love waves,respectively) from point-wise linear inversion with prior information of the Moho depth and average crustal Vp/Vs ratio. The radial anisotropy along the profile was calculated based on the discrepancies between Vsv and Vsh as 2×(Vsh.Vsv)/(Vsh+Vsv). The results show distinct structural variations in the three major tectonic units. The crustal architecture in the southern CNCC is complicated and featured with wide-distributed low-velocity zones(LVZs), which may be a reflection of crustal modification resulting from Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonics and magmatic activities. The pronounced positive radial anisotropy in the lower-lowermost crust beneath the Shanxi-Shaanxi Rift and the neighboring areas could be attributed to the underplating of mantle mafic-ultramafic materials during the Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic activation. In southern Ordos, the overall weak lateral velocity variations, relative high velocity and large-scale positive radial anisotropy in mid-lower crust probably suggest that the current crustal structure has preserved its Precambrian tectonic characteristics. The low-velocity westward-dipping sedimentary strata in the Ordos Block could be attributed to the Phanerozoic whole-basin tilting and the uneven erosion since late Cretaceous. Integrated with previous studies, the systematic comparison of crustal architecture was made between the southern and northern part of CNCC-WNCC. The similarities and differences may have a relation with the tectonic events and deformation histories experienced before and after the Paleoproterozoic amalgamation of the NCC. The nearly flat mid-crustal LVZ beneath the southern QOB weakens gradually as it extends to the east, which is a feature probably associated with crustal vertical superpositionand ductile shear deformation under the intensive compressional regime due to the northeastward growth and expansion of the Tibetan Plateau.