Precipitation is the dominant driver for bird species richness,phylogenetic and functional structure in university campuses in northern China

Background:Although urbanization is threatening biodiversity worldwide,the increasing green urban spaces could harbor relatively high biodiversity.Therefore,how to maintain the biodiversity in urban ecosystem is crucial for sustainable urban planning and management,especially in arid and semiarid regions with relatively fragile environment and low biodiversity.Here,for the first time we linked species richness,phylogenetic and functional structure of bird assemblages in university campuses in northern China with plant species richness,glacial-interglacial climate change,contemporary climate,and anthropogenic factors to compare their relative roles in shaping urban bird diversity.Methods:Bird surveys were conducted in 20 university campuses across Inner Mongolia,China.Ordinary least squares models and simultaneous autoregressive models were used to assess the relationships between bird species richness,phylogenetic and functional structure with environmental factors.Structural equation models were used to capture the direct and indirect effects of these factors on the three components of bird diversity.Results:Single-variable simultaneous autoregressive models showed that mean annual precipitation was consistently a significant driver for bird species richness,phylogenetic and functional structure.Meanwhile,mean annual temperature and plant species richness were also significant predictors for bird species richness.Conclusions:This study suggests that campuses with warmer and wetter climate as well as more woody plant species could harbor more bird species.In addition,wetter campuses tended to sustain over-dispersed phylogenetic and functional structure.Our findings emphasize the dominant effect of precipitation on bird diversity distribution in this arid and semiarid region,even in the urban ecosystem.

Conformal Human–Machine Integration Using Highly Bending‑Insensitive,Unpixelated,and Waterproof Epidermal Electronics Toward Metaverse

Efficient and flexible interactions require precisely converting human intentions into computer-recognizable signals,which is critical to the breakthrough development of metaverse.Interactive electronics face common dilemmas,which realize highprecision and stable touch detection but are rigid,bulky,and thick or achieve high flexibility to wear but lose precision.Here,we construct highly bending-insensitive,unpixelated,and waterproof epidermal interfaces(BUW epidermal interfaces)and demonstrate their interactive applications of conformal human–machine integration.The BUW epidermal interface based on the addressable electrical contact structure exhibits high-precision and stable touch detection,high flexibility,rapid response time,excellent stability,and versatile“cut-and-paste”character.Regardless of whether being flat or bent,the BUW epidermal interface can be conformally attached to the human skin for real-time,comfortable,and unrestrained interactions.This research provides promising insight into the functional composite and structural design strategies for developing epidermal electronics,which offers a new technology route and may further broaden human–machine interactions toward metaverse.

Evolution and Development of the Information Concept in Biological Systems: From Empirical Description to Informational Modeling of the Living Structures

With the purpose to smooth the way of a correct understanding of information concepts and their evolution,in this paper,is discussed the evolution and development of the concept of information in biological systems,showing that this concept was intuitively perceived even since ancient times by our predecessors,and described according to their language level of that times,but the crystallization of the real meaning of information is an achievement of our nowadays,by successive contribution of various scientific branches and personalities of the scientific community of the world,leading to a modern description/modeling of reality,in which information plays a fundamental role.It is shown that our reality can be understood as a contribution of matter/energy/information and represented/discussed as the model of the Universal Triangle of Reality(UTR),where various previous models can be suggestively inserted,as a function of their basic concern.The modern concepts on information starting from a theoretic experiment which would infringe the thermodynamics laws and reaching the theory of information and modern philosophic concepts on the world structuration allow us to show that information is a fundamental component of the material world and of the biological structures,in correlation with the structuration/destructuration processes of matter,involving absorption/release of information.Based on these concepts,is discussed the functionality of the biologic structures and is presented the informational model of the human body and living structures,as a general model of info-organization on the entire biological scale,showing that a rudimentary proto-consciousness should be operative even at the low-scale biological systems,because they work on the same principles,like the most developed bio-systems.The operability of biologic structures as informational devices is also pointed out.

Three-Dimensional Prototypes and Evaluation of Their Structure and Form

In order to reveal the appearance of the clothing prototype on the human body,the characteristics of the human body’s structure above the waist section were studied.Based on the experimental data of the fit prototype,three-dimensional prototypes features were comparatively analyzed.And then objectively evaluating the relationship was conducted between the planar structure lines of different prototypes and the human body.The results showed that the prototypes analyzed basically conformed to the size of the human body.However,when they were worn on the human body,there were problems in the structure and forming.The main reason was that the side seam was skewed to different degrees.The results of this study provide reference for many practitioners to choose prototypes.

Information in the Universal Triangle of Reality for Non-living/Living Structures:From Philosophy to Neuro/Life Sciences

With the purpose to understand better the role of information not only in communication systems,but actually in our environmental reality,this paper presented the model of Universal Triangle of Reality,composed by Matter,Energy and Information,as fundamental constitutive components of this reality.Arguments coming from the field of physics,both at the cosmic and microparticles scale are presented,showing undoubtable conclusions that information is a fundamental component of reality in our material world.At the cosmic level,where the unusual high concentration of mass in the black holes constitutes a special state of matter,suitable for analysis of their special properties,the problem of the conservation principle of information is discussed.At the quantum level,the special unusual characteristics derived from the non-localization principle are also highlighted,together with information-involved problems and solutions.The Universal Triangle of Reality in the living systems reveals the high role of the involved information,both as the informational common organization on the entire evolution scale,and as the info-dynamics processes inside of own structure and resulted from interaction with the environment.The relevant advances in the approaching and understanding of the functionality of the living systems from informational point of view are highlighted,showing the high contribution of information concepts in understanding/solving of various older/recent problems in philosophy,neuroscience/neurology/psychiatry,neuro-physics/neuropsychology/behavior sciences,geriatrics/gerontology,biology and life sciences.

Sandwich教学法结合3Dbody软件在正常人体结构教学中的应用研究

目的探讨Sandwich教学法结合3Dbody软件在正常人体结构中的教学效果。方法选取本校2021级护理专业140名学生为实验的调查研究对象,根据教学方式分为对照组和观察组,每组各70名。对照组采用传统教学模式,观察组采用Sandwich教学法结合3Dbody软件教学模式,比较两组学生对教学满意度、考试成绩、教学模式的评价、自主学习能力。结果观察组自主学习能力,高、中分段成绩人数,教学模式评价均高于对照组,低分段、不及格成绩人数占比低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在正常人体结构课程教学阶段采用Sandwich教学法结合3Dbody软件教学方法提高了护生的学习成绩,可培养其自主学习能力,护生对该教学模式有较高评价。

Community structure, dispersal ability and functional profiling of microbiome existing in fat body and ovary of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

The endosymbionts play vital roles in growth, development and reproduction in insects. Yeast-like endosymbionts (YLSs) have been well studied in Nilaparvata lugens (N. lugens), but little is known about the tissue-specific bacterial microbiomes, especially on the microbial intersection among internal tissues. Here, the correlation of microbial composition, structure, dispersal ability and functional profiling were illuminated in two tissues, the fat body and ovary in N. lugens. A total of 11 phyla and 105 genera were captured from all samples;Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the most predominant and accounted for more than 99% in all samples. However, the relative abundance ofFirmicutes and Proteobacteria was significantly different in ovary and fat body through Fisher's Least Significant Difference test. Microbial diversity but not the richness index in the two tissues exhibited significant difference. Furthermore, the microbial community structure of the ovary and fat body were primarily determined by tissue quality. Firmicutes showed strong dispersal ability between ovary and fat body based on the quantitative null model assessing, indicating the frequent interaction of these microbiomes in the two tissues. In addition, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways of microbial participation were delineated. The ten most abundant pathways counted for over 46% of the annotation and were shared between the two tissues, mainly containing Energy Metabolism and Amino Acid Metabolism/Biosynthesis. The results will provide insights into the correlation of microbial community structure between ovary and fat body of N. lugens.

Both structure and function of human monoclonal antibodies contribute to enhancement of Zika virus infectivity in vitro

Dear Editor,Antibody-dependent enhancement（ADE）has long been recognized for dengue virus（DENV）in vitro and in vivo.It is now clear that antibodies to DENV can also enhance Zika virus（ZIKV）infection in vitro,and vice versa（Dejnirattisai et al.,2016;Stettler et al.,2016）.The characteristics of enhancing antibodies,however,remain elusive.

Three-dimensional structure and function study on the active region in the extracellular ligand-binding domain of human IL-6 receptor

In this study the three-dimensional (3-D) model of the ligand-binding domain (V106-P322) of human interleukin-6 receptor (hlL-6 R) was constructed by computer-guided ho-mology modeling technique using the crystal structure of the ligand-binding domain (K52-L251) of human growth hormone receptor (hGHR) as templet. Furthermore, the active binding region of the 3-D model of hlL-6R with the ligand (hlL-6) was predicted. In light of the structural characteristics of the active region, a hydrophobic pocket shielded by two hydrophilic residues (E115 and E505) of the region was identified by a combination of molecular modelling and the site-directed or double-site mutation of the twelve crucial residues in the ligand-binding domain of hIL-6R (V106-P322). We observed and analyzed the effects of these mutants on the spatial conformation of the pocket-like region of hlL-6 R. The results indicated that any site-directed mutation of the five Cys residues (four conservative Cys residues: Cyst 21, Cys132, Cys165, Cys176; near membrane Cys residue: Cys193) or each double-site mutation of the five residues in WSEWS motif of hIL-6R (V106-P322) makes the corresponding spatial conformation of the pocket region block the linkage between hlL-6 R and hlL-6. However, the influence of the site-directed mutation of Cys211 and Cys277 individually on the conformation of the pocket region benefits the interaction between hlL-6R and hlL-6. Our study suggests that the predicted hydrophobic pocket in the 3-D model of hIL-6R (V106-P322) is the critical molecular basis for the binding of hlL-6R with its ligand, and the active pocket may be used as a target for designing small hlL-6R-inhibiting molecules in our further study.

Teaching exploration and practice of the human body structure course

In the 21 st century,the medical model has transformed from the biological model to the biopsycho-social medical model. The transformation of medical model raises higher requirements for the training of medical staff. Comprehensive promotion of the reform of medical education has become the consensus and trend,which breeds the integrated medical teaching that is based on modules and organ systems. As one of eight integrated modules,the human body structure course of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine introduces morphological structures of normal human organs according to function systems( such as locomotor system,digestive system,angiological system,and nervous system) of human organs and parts of human body. This course endeavors to integrate theories with practices,contents of disciplines of basic medicine,and basic medicine with clinical medicine. The human body structure course combines basic medicine with clinical medicine and is an important part of medical science.

Surface Reconstruction of Scanned Human Body Using Radial Basis Functions and Adaptive Partition of Unity

It is important to reconstruct a continuous surface representation of the point cloud scanned from a human body. In this paper a new implicit surface method is proposed to reconstruct the human body surface from the points based on the combination of radial basis functions （RBFs） and adaptive partition of unity （PoU）. The whole 3D domain of the scanned human body is firstly subdivided into a set of overlapping subdomalns based on the improved octrees. The smooth local surfaces are then computed in the subdomalns based on RBFs. And finally the global human body surface is reconstructed by blending the local surfaces with the adaptive PoU functions. This method is robust for the surface reconstruction of the scanned human body even with large or non-uniform point cloud which has a sharp density variation.

Evolution and restoration of structures and functions of the human central nervous system—A review

Clinical translational science:Clinical translational science(CTS)is a new discipline bridging laboratory discoveries and clinical applications.It is normally funded by research grants instead of investment major pharmaceutical companies.It is patient-and populationor community-oriented.Repair of the human

单原子Pt负载在锐钛矿(001)表面的电光学特性研究

基于第一性原理的多体格林函数理论方法,系统探究了锐钛矿TiO_(2)(001)表面负载Pt单原子催化剂的电子结构和光学性质,考虑Pt在完美表面和缺陷表面(O空位)两种基底上的负载.结果发现,Pt会在TiO_(2)禁带中间、价带和导带边缘引入新能级,但不同基底负载的Pt单原子催化剂存在不同的带隙特性.Pt的负载会引起体系光学吸收红移,增大光学吸收范围,延伸光吸收至可见光甚至是红外区域,提升可见光活化的可能性,同时改善体系的激子束缚能,有利于空穴与电子有效分离,这可能是Pt负载后光催化性能提升的原因之一.然而,若在可见光或低能量紫外光激发后,分离的电子与空穴没有及时参与反应,体系衰变回最低激发态,此时极大的激子束缚能可能会加速电子与空穴重组,不利于表面催化反应的进行.负载在O空位的催化剂最低激发态的激子束缚能比完美表面小,重组速率慢.计算结果能够为理解单原子催化剂结构-性能关系提供一些见解.

Cloning,expression and purification of the ligand-binding region of human IL-6R in E.coli and its preliminary functional identification

The ligand-binding region of human IL-6R is taken as the target gene fragment to be clonedand expressed.With pET-3b as expressing vector,two recombinants pET-6R(B)and pET-6R(B)4 have beenconstructed encoding the ligand-binding region(28 kD)of hIL-6R and its dimmer(53 kD),respectively.Afterinduction with IPTG,they produced two proteins rIL6R-28 of 28 kD and rIL6R-53 of 53 kD amounting to 50%and 30% of total bacteria proteins,respectively.The expressed products were mainly recovered as inclusionbodies.After purification and renaturation,both of them were capable of augmenting the growth-stimulatingeffect of IL-6 on 7TD1 cells,an IL-6 dependent cell line.The result of ELISA also revealed that bothrIL6R-28 and rIL6R-53 had the obvious ligand-binding activity.

Canopy structure:An intermediate factor regulating grassland diversity-function relationships under human disturbances

Grasslands are one of the largest coupled human-nature terrestrial ecosystems on Earth,and severe anthropogenic-induced grassland ecosystem function declines have been reported recently.Understanding factors influencing grassland ecosystem functions is critical for making sustainable management policies.Canopy structure is an important factor influencing plant growth through mediating within-canopy microclimate(e.g.,light,water,and wind),and it is found coordinating tightly with plant species diversity to influence forest ecosystem functions.However,the role of canopy structure in regulating grassland ecosystem functions along with plant species diversity has been rarely investigated.Here,we investigated this problem by collecting field data from 170 field plots distributed along an over 2000 km transect across the northern agro-pastoral ecotone of China.Aboveground net primary productivity(ANPP)and resilience,two indicators of grassland ecosystem functions,were measured from field data and satellite remote sensing data.Terrestrial laser scanning data were collected to measure canopy structure(represented by mean height and canopy cover).Our results showed that plant species diversity was positively correlated to canopy structural traits,and negatively correlated to human activity intensity.Canopy structure was a significant indicator for ANPP and resilience,but their correlations were inconsistent under different human activity intensity levels.Compared to plant species diversity,canopy structural traits were better indicators for grassland ecosystem functions,especially for ANPP.Through structure equation modeling analyses,we found that plant species diversity did not have a direct influence on ANPP under human disturbances.Instead,it had a strong indirect effect on ANPP by altering canopy structural traits.As to resilience,plant species diversity had both a direct positive contribution and an indirect contribution through mediating canopy cover.This study highlights that canopy structure is an important intermediate factor regulating grassland diversity-function relationships under human disturbances,which should be included in future grassland monitoring and management.

Investigation and Application on the Vertical Vibration Models of the Seated Human Body

Investigation of the vertical vibration characteristics of the seated human body is beneficial for the design and development of vehicle ride comfort.In this study,we first established models of the seated human body with two,three and four degrees of freedom(DOF).Then,the vibration characteristics of 30 volunteers were tested under standard conditions with a vibration test rig to obtain data for the apparent mass,driving point mechanical impedance,and seat-to-head transfer function.Based on the experimental data,the parameters of these models are identified and the results show that the four-DOF model can simulate the vertical vibration characteristics of the seated human body more comprehensively.Then,different seated human body models were applied to optimize the damping of shock absorber.The results show that the optimized damping with the four-DOF Chinese seated human body model is 27%more than that with rigid mass and 7%less than that with ISO 5982:2001 seated human body model.

下肢康复减重支撑系统的结构设计与分析

面向我国脑卒中和老龄化等原因导致的下肢运动功能障碍患者,开发了一种基于人体足底压力分布和重心轨迹的双腋支撑下肢康复减重系统。首先,分析研究了减重支撑训练对足底压力的影响;其次,基于人机工程学理论并结合人体重心轨迹研究,对总体结构进行了分析与设计,并确定了相关尺寸;然后,通过静力学分析,验证了结构的可靠性;最后,对减重模块进行了运动学分析和动力学仿真。该系统可帮助下肢运动功能障碍的患者实现模仿正常人行走的康复训练。

丁酸梭菌对七彩神仙鱼生长、形体指标、营养利用和肠道结构功能的影响

为探讨丁酸梭菌对七彩神仙鱼生长、形体指标、营养利用和肠道结构功能的影响,在基础饵料中分别添加0(对照)、1×10^(4)、1×10^(5)、1×10^(6)、1×10^(7)和1×10^(8) cfu/g丁酸梭菌饲养幼鱼8周。结果显示,与对照组相比,丁酸梭菌对七彩神仙鱼生长和形体指标无显著影响。1×10^(5) cfu/g添加组鱼体粗蛋白含量增加,对蛋白质的消化率显著提高。丁酸梭菌显著提高了中肠肠道绒毛高度和宽度,且1×105 cfu/g添加组肠道酸性黏多糖分泌量显著增加。对于肠道消化酶和抗氧化能力,1×10^(5) cfu/g添加组胰蛋白酶活性显著提高,1×10^(6) cfu/g添加组丙二醛含量显著降低。肠道内容物短链脂肪酸分析显示,1×10^(5) cfu/g添加组的乙酸和丙酸含量显著高于对照组,且总酸含量在该添加组达到最大,显著高于其他组。研究表明,在本试验条件下,七彩神仙鱼饵料中添加1×10^(5) cfu/g丁酸梭菌可以改善肠道结构,提高肠道消化和抗氧化能力,增加肠道短链脂肪酸的分泌和营养利用率。本研究可为丁酸梭菌在七彩神仙鱼饵料中的科学利用提供参考。

生物背景青年教师从事人体结构教学的实践与思考

随着高等教育改革的不断推进,国家和社会对优质高等教育资源的需求不断增加,亟须建设高水平教师队伍来培养大批具备综合素质的新医科人才。作为高校教学工作的中坚力量,青年教师的教学能力、教学水平与医学院校的教育质量息息相关。近年来由于医学本科生的扩招,基础医学教育师资日益匮乏,大量生物背景教师不断涌入其中,并且占比持续增高。生物背景教师如何通过多样化的方式手段,弥补医学专业知识短板,同时充分发挥自身科研优势,将科学精神和创新教育融入日常教学,是关系到基础医学教学质量和创新性医学人才培养的重要因素。文章旨在分享生物背景青年教师从事人体结构教学的个人体会,为非医学专业背景从事医学基础教学的教师提供参考意义。

人体机能学整合课程在护理学专业中的教学探索与实践

基于护理学专业类教学质量国家标准提出的整合课程要求,以建设由生理学、病理生理学和药理学3门课程有机整合和优化组成的人体机能学课程为例,介绍课程设计与实施,分析教学效果,探讨整合课程的优缺点,为该课程的进一步改革提供理论依据。