How to lead foreign students into Traditional Chinese Medicine

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is becoming much more international and widely accepted. More and more foreign students come to China's Mainland to study this great yet mysterious discipline. However, the current teaching methods are far from satisfaction. This paper analyzes some existing problems and contradictions present in the teaching practices and suggests some measures for improvement.

Current situation and influencing factors of classroom situationdeviant behavior of undergraduate nursing students in colleges oftraditional Chinese medicine

Objective: To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of classroom situation deviant behavior ofundergraduate nursing students in colleges of traditional Chinese medicine. Methods: Three hundred andeighty-two undergraduate nursing students in Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were investigatedby general situation questionnaire, Classroom Situation Deviation Behavior questionnaire, Utrecht WorkEngagement Scale-Student and Mobile phone addiction index scale. Results: The scores of the ClassroomSituation Deviation Behavior questionnaire of nursing students were (46.04 ± 14.94). The results of multiple linearregression analysis showed that gender, academic ranking, family income (RMB/month), learning involvement andmobile phone dependence were the influencing factors, accounting for 32.9% of the total variation. Conclusion:The classroom situation deviant behavior of undergraduate nursing students in colleges of traditional Chinesemedicine is moderately upper-level. It is suggested that the management departments of colleges should strictlyenforce the classroom management system, improve the teaching level of teachers, guide students to develop goodlearning habits, and constantly stimulate students' learning enthusiasm in order to reduce the occurrence ofclassroom situation deviation behavior.

Randomized control study in the influence of different training methods of Tai Chi on Chinese medicine constitution of international students with depression or depression tendency

Objective： To evaluate the effect of different training methods of Tai Chi on Chinese medicine constitution of international students with depression or depression tendency. Methods： Thirty-eight Africa international students were randomly divided into the physical exercise group who receiving the simple physical exercise of simplified 24-form Tai Chi （physical exercise group） and the breathing group who receiving both deep breathing method plus simple physical exercise （breathing group）. The average scores of Chinese medicine gentleness and various biased constitutional types in the two groups were compared. Results： The average score of thirty-eight students with biased constitution in both groups decreased significantly compared with that before training （P 〈 0.05）. Compared with that before training, the average scores of biased constitutional types in the breathing group, including Qi deficiency, Yang deficiency, phlegm-dampness and Qi stagnation, were significantly decreased （P 〈 0.05）. The average scores of Yang deficiency, blood stasis and Qi stagnation constitutional types of students in simple physical group after training were also significantly decreased after training （P 〈 0.05）. Moreover, the average scores of biased constitutional types, including Qi deficiency, Yang deficiency, Yin deficiency, phlegm and dampness, Qi-stagnation, in the breathing group were significantly lower than those of the simple exercise group, suggesting the superior therapeutic effect of breathing training method （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion： When combines with the deep breathing method, Tai Chi training achieves better effect on improving the biased constitutional types which may be related to depression or depression tendency, including Qi deficiency, Yang deficiency, Yin deficiency, phlegm and dampness, Qi-stagnation.

Validity and reliability of the evaluation tool of TCM confidence in students with TCM learning experience

Objective:This study aimed to design an evaluation scale of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)confidence and then evaluate its validity and reliability.Methods:Three parallel samples with TCM learning experience were included in this current study.Randomly selected 500 nursing students were included factor analysis and reliability and validity analyses.After 4 weeks,200 nursing students were recruited to retest the reliability.The evaluation tool of TCM confidence included 6 dimensions and 25 entries.Results:Cronbach's a coefficient of the evaluation scale was 0.95 and that of the 6 observed aspects were higher than 0.90,and splithalf reliability was 0.81.For the retest reliability,Cronbach's a coefficient of the evaluation scale was 0.93 and that of the 6 examined aspects was all over 0.80.The index of content validity Scale Content Validity Index(S-CVI)was 0.92 and Item Content Validity Index(I-CVI)was 0.83–1.00.Conclusions:Observed results may indicate that the designed tool can be used to assess the TCM confidence level of students with TCM studied experience and also can evaluate results of TCM education during studying TCM lectures.

Metabolomic and structural brain connectomic evidence validating traditional Chinese medicine diagnostic classification of major depressive disorder

OBJECTIVE Major depressive disorder(MDD) is a highly heterogeneous mental illness.Further classification may help characterize its heterogeneity.The purpose of this study was to examine metabolomic and brain connectomic associations with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) diagnostic classification of MDD.METHODS Fifty unmedicated depressed patients were classified into Liver Qi Stagnation(LQS,n=30) and Heart and Spleen Deficiency(HSD,n=20) subtypes according to TCM diagnosis.Healthy volunteers(n=28) were included as controls.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) and diffusion tensor imaging were used to detect serum and urinary metabolomic profiles and whole-brain white matter connectivity,respectively.RESULTS In metabolomic analysis,28 metabolites were identified for good separations between TCM subtypes and healthy controls in serum and urine samples.While both TCM subtypes had similar profiles in proteinogenic branched-chain amino acids and energy metabolism-related metabolites that were differentiated from healthy controls,the LQS subtype additionally differed from healthy controls in multiple amino acid metabolites that are involved in the biosynthesis of monoamine and amino acid neurotransmitters.Several metabolites are differentially associated with the two subtypes.In connectomic analysis,The LQS subtype showed significant differences in multiple network metrics of the angular gyrus,middle occipital gyrus,calcarine sulcus,and Heschl′ s gyrus when compared to the other two groups.The HSD subtype had markedly greater regional connectivity of the insula,parahippocampal gyrus,and posterior cingulate gyrus than the other two groups,and microstructural abnormalities of the frontal medial orbital gyrus and middle temporal pole.The insular betweenness centrality was strongly inversely correlated with the severity of depression and dichotomized the two subtypes at the optimal cutoff value with acceptable sensitivity and specificity.CONCLUSION The LQS subtype may represent an MDD subpopulation mainly characterized by abnormalities in the biosynthesis of monoamine and amino acid neurotransmitters,closer associations with stress-related pathophysiology,and aberrant connectivity of the audiovisual perception-related temporal-occipital network,whereas the HSD subtype is more closely associated with hyperconnectivity and microstructural abnormalities of the limbicparalimbic network.Certain metabolomic and connectomic variables are potential biomarkers for TCM diagnostic subtypes which is perhaps an alternative classification for depressive disorders.

Learning, understanding, trusting and applying-Promoting development of traditional Chinese medicine from medical education

From the end of the Qing dynasty to the establishment of Republic of China until the present day, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has declined from the original medical system parallel to western medicine to a supplementary medicine in China. During the long time, western medicine has gradually become the dominate medical system forming the situation of 'western medicine in the north, TCM in the wild'. On July 1, 2017, China's TCM law has been officially implemented ensuring a time of great opportunity for TCM in the future. The current situations are: 'western medicine is dominated, TCM are supplementary for use'. Some people insist that TCM should be weakened others suppose that Chinese medicine should be evaluated with biomedical standards and are lack of scientificity. Facing the disadvantages of degradation of Chinese medicine, lack of characteristics, the development of TCM still has a long way to go. This paper puts forward the 'education of medical students', so that medical students can learn, understand, believe and use TCM in order to carry forward the career of TCM.

中医工作坊及Mini-CEX评估在护理本科生教学中的应用

目的:探讨中医工作坊及Mini-CEX评估在护理本科生教学中应用效果。方法:将65名在校护理本科生随机分试验组和对照组,比较两组教学效果。结果:试验组学生护理操作考核成绩等优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:中医工作坊结合Mini-CEX对完善教学考核评估,促进护生实践能力具有积极作用。

基于多轨(PBL、CBL、Seminar)教学模式的中西医结合专业内科学课程教学应用研究

目的观察多轨(PBL、CBL、Seminar)教学模式在中西医结合专业内科学课程教学中的应用效果。方法选取2022年3月—2023年4月重庆医科大学第二临床学院中西医结合专业学生64名,随机分成对照组(实施PBL+CBL教学模式)和研究组(实施PBL、CBL、Seminar多轨教学模式),每组32名。对比组间学生的成绩考核情况、教学满意度和问卷调查内容。结果研究组学生的成绩考核[选择题(A1型)与病案分析题]情况较对照组好,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组教学满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组的问卷调查内容(学习时间、自主学习能力、独立思考能力、沟通交流能力、分析解决能力、团队精神等)均较对照组改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中西医结合专业内科学课程教学中,应用多教学模式能提高学生的学习成绩,改善学生的各项能力,实际应用价值较高。

An Empirical Study on the Relationships Between Smartphone Addiction and Student Engagement and Academic Performance of Chinese English Majors

In the past few years, the phenomenon of smartphone addiction has become more serious especially among university students. In order to explore whether smartphone addiction has an impact on students' learning, this study examined the relationships between smartphone addiction and student engagement and academic performance among 157 English majors by One-way ANOVA. Results suggested that there was not any significant difference in student engagement and academic performance among students of different levels of smartphone addiction. The implications for prevention strategies of smartphone addiction and further research are discussed.

中医思维培养在针灸对外教育中的重要性

文章讨论了针灸对外教育中面临的主要问题,涉及教材的选定、课程的设置、对外教育师资的建设、临床实习的安排等方面,强调了中医思维培养与这些问题之间的相关性,并且指出了中医思维培养是较高层次的要求,也是保障针灸对外教育质量的根本。要想解决上述问题,就要真正从根本上重视培养海外学生的中医思维能力这一教学目标,而也只有以此为长远目标,才能提高其针灸临床诊疗水平,推动针灸对外教育的发展,提高国内院校和相关机构的教学口碑。

中医药超分子课程对中药本科专业学生知识重构及创新能力的影响探讨

该文根据亟待解决的中医药现代化所面临的重大前沿科学问题和重大工程技术难题,结合国家持续推进“双一流”专业建设实际情况,关注传统应用型中药本科专业培养模式向学术型创新中药专业培养模式转变时对人才专业知识结构的要求。分析中药专业主要课程的内在关系,探讨中医药超分子课程对中药本科专业人才的交叉知识结构和创新能力的影响,提出学术型中药本科专业增开中医药超分子课程的必要性。中医药超分子课程的开设将促进研究学术型人才知识结构重构,满足中药原始创新研究的需求。

基于中医执业医师分阶段考试的中医学专业成绩分析与策略研究

[目的]总结和分析浙江中医药大学中医学专业学生的培养质量和存在问题,为中医药院校提高教学质量和学生临床知识及技能提供参考。[方法]以该校2018至2020年参加中医执业医师分阶段考试(第一阶段)实证研究的中医学专业学生为研究对象,采用方差分析和χ^(2)检验进行数据分析,比较分阶段考试成绩与在校学习成绩的相关性、考试通过率、掌握率。[结果]分阶段考试成绩能够较好地反映学生在校学习成绩情况,理论考试平均通过率为68.64%,技能考试平均通过率95.27%。理论考试平均总掌握率为65.06%,其中西医(基础医学类)55.57%、西医(临床医学类)52.12%,与理论考试总掌握率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);技能考试总掌握率为76.57%,第3~4站(体格检查)的平均掌握率分别为71.24%、72.24%。可以通过制定考试激励机制来提高学生考试内驱力,通过强化西医课程培训来提升理论考试通过率,通过反复临床技能训练来补齐技能考核的短板等改进措施和策略,从而提高学生的临床知识和技能,可为中医药院校提高教学质量作参考。[结论]中医药院校可以通过制定考试激励机制、强化西医课程培训、反复临床技能训练来提高学生的临床知识和技能,从而提高中医学专业学生的培养质量。

综合性医科大学中药学专业建设的实践与思考——以首都医科大学为例

首都医科大学中药学专业在长期办学实践中分析身处综合性医科大学的教育教学资源特点,结合生源及其就业趋向,逐步树立了院校教育与师承教育相结合培养中药专业人才的精品教育理念,实施一系列深化中药学专业教育教学综合改革的措施,使人才培养质量显著提升。通过专业认证更加明确自身存在的问题,并制定了持续推进国家级一流专业建设、进一步提升人才培养质量的具体措施。

中医专业影像诊断学教学大纲修订的初步探索

随着医学影像学的迅速发展,其在临床应用中的地位越来越重要。为了适应中医现代化的发展需求及当前医学教育趋势,中医影像诊断学教学大纲的修订十分必要且重要。首都医科大学附属北京中医医院放射科对影像诊断学教学大纲进行全面细致的梳理及修订,总结了一些经验及方法。首先明确中医学五年制专业学生为培养对象,针对其特点,对教学大纲的修订既要守正,也要创新;其次保证教学内容全面覆盖,并适当增加影像学的新进展,跟上时代发展的步伐;然后充分突出学生的主体地位,融合翻转课堂、问题及病例驱动等多种教学方法,以岗位胜任力为导向,培养学生知识、能力及素质全面发展,塑造中医新型人才;最后,引入形成性评价,全面且详细地评估教学效果。

高等中医药院校西医内科学教学的创新探索

在高等中医药院校中医专业的学习中,西医内科学亦为重要的临床专业课程之一,但西医内科学教学面临与中医课程交叉、课时压缩、学生基础薄弱等相应问题,增加了该课程的学习难度。随着现代社会对医学人才的要求不断提高,中医药院校的临床专业学生也必须掌握西医的理论基础和临床疾病。为了贯彻国家“新医科”建设,提高中医专业西医内科学教学水平,提升本科生分析及解决临床问题的能力,笔者所在教研室总结出内科专业主讲教师+教学秘书责任制、现代化教学手段+问题/病例切入式教学、充分利用现代网络和床旁教学等不同教学模式,在实际运用中取得了很好的教学效果,得到授课教师和学生的广泛认可。文章就相关教学经验进行总结,以期为中医药院校本科生的西医内科学教学提供一定的有益建议,提高本科生的西医内科学教学水平。

基于多方位综合素质培养的研究生教育模式探索与实践—以湖南中医药大学中医诊断研究所为例

医学研究生是医学研究的重要力量,同时也是培养高层次创新医学人才的重要储备。医学教育的根本任务是加强医学相关学科的建设布局和支持力度,培养高层次的、具有国际视野的复合型医学人才。在此背景下,探索如何提升中医学术型研究生的综合素质是高层次医学创新型人才培养的关键课题。文章以湖南中医药大学中医诊断研究所为例,在培养中医诊断学学术型研究生过程中,通过实验室结合可共享数字化学术资源为主的开放式共享平台,联合产学研合作、学科竞赛及人文素质教育的培养模式,探讨了提升中医诊断学学术型研究生综合素质的可行性,旨在为该教育模式的推广提供依据和参考。

双高建设背景下中医类专业产教融合培育模式的探索

百年大计,教育为本。中医类专业实践性和综合性都极强,产教融合培育模式是培育中医类人才、发展中医类专业的重要模式。基于此,以“双高”建设背景下中医类专业产教融合培育模式为切入点,从其现存问题、模式内涵和探索途径三方面探究双高背景下中医类专业产教融合培育模式,以期为各界针对双高背景下中医类专业产教融合培育模式的探索发展的理论研究和教学实践提供一定参考。

中医功法对大学生心理健康的促进作用研究

当代大学生是新时代的接班人、是祖国的未来和民族的希望,健康稳定的心理状态是大学生健康成长的前提条件。随着经济全球化和社会信息化的深入发展,现代大学生在学习、生活、社交、生理等方面面临着越来越大的压力和挑战,心理健康问题也日益突显。该文通过分析大学生的心理健康现状,探讨五禽戏、太极拳、易筋经、八段锦等中医养生功法对大学生心理健康的促进作用,提出将中医功法引入校园提高其知名度,加强其重视程度,并与大学生心理健康教育相融合等途径来拓展大学生的心理健康教育途径,提高大学生的心理健康素质,为祖国发展培养合格的建设者和接班人。

以学生为中心的OBE理念下的方剂学教学改革

成果导向教育(Outcome based education,OBE)是以学习成果(Learning outcomes)产出为导向的新型教学观念。将OBE理念引入方剂学课程可对后续课程的学习及培养学生中医临床思维能力产生很大影响。以学生为中心、以成果为导向、以持续改进3个专业认证基本理念为依据,从教学目标、授课形式、成果质量评价等方面进行改进,使“研究型教学模式和个性化教学”得到充分体现,在OBE理念落地的同时既促进了学生的个性化发展,又推动了师生教与学观念的转变,也使得教师的专业能力得到升华。

基于CIPP评价模式的中药学人才传承教育教学改革

在中医药传承与创新发展的国家战略指导下,不断提高中医药学专业学生的专业素质是高校中药学专业教育始终如一的要求。在新时代、新形势、新科技下,中药学专业学生在创新发展能力高速发展的同时,亟待深化传承中医药的思维内核,为此,对教育教学的方式方法、考核提出了新要求。文章探讨了将中药学传统特色课程深度融合,在课程之间有序、科学地渗透中医药的专业思维能力,进行课程多学科集体备课、融合多学科专业知识的综合性设计性教学案例库建设、课程动态考核模式的教学方法改革与实践,以提升中药学专业学生专业思维的触发和运用。