The quantitative and qualitative supply of teachers has a significant influence on student academic performance.Based on the samples collected from four provinces and municipalities in China for the Program for Intern...The quantitative and qualitative supply of teachers has a significant influence on student academic performance.Based on the samples collected from four provinces and municipalities in China for the Program for International Student Assessment(PISA)2018,this study analyzes the effects of the supply of teachers on the academic performance of 15-year-old students through a hierarchical linear model(HLM)as well as a quantile regression model.The study has found that the shortage of teachers and the proportion of teachers with a master’s degree significantly affect student academic performance,and the supply of teachers with higher degrees has a decreasing marginal benefit on student academic performance;its best marginal benefit on student academic performance is achieved when the proportion of teachers with a master’s degree reaches about 75%.For students in different academic performance subgroups,the marginal benefit of an increase in the proportion of teachers with a master’s degree in schools is higher for“top students”than for“students with learning difficulties.”In terms of the difference between urban and rural areas,the shortage of teachers in rural schools is more prominent than that in urban schools,and teachers with higher degrees tend to cluster in core cities.The marginal benefit of an increase in the proportion of teachers with a master’s degree is higher for improving student academic performance in rural areas.Therefore,it is recommended to design a policy of differentiated compensatory earnings for rural teachers,and efforts should be enhanced to promote programs for supporting high-quality teachers.In addition,the allocation of teachers should follow the principle of“differentiated equity,”and more differentiated teaching strategies should be adopted for students with different academic abilities.展开更多
以新西兰奥克兰大学(University of Auckland,简称UA)为例,采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法、案例研究法,对该校体育教育专业的培养目标、课程设置、学生实习和教师资格认证等进行研究。结果表明:该校以培养健康和体育领域的专业人才为主,...以新西兰奥克兰大学(University of Auckland,简称UA)为例,采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法、案例研究法,对该校体育教育专业的培养目标、课程设置、学生实习和教师资格认证等进行研究。结果表明:该校以培养健康和体育领域的专业人才为主,注重体现教育的专业性、满足国家教师专业标准的要求、培养对毛利民族文化的敏感性;在课程体系中,学科基础课程注重基本知识学习,专业教育课程注重毛利民族教育、健康教育和户外教育,教师教育课程强调教学技能培养,选修课程和通识教育课程重在扩大学生的知识面,同时强调对课程学习评价的多样化;在实习活动方面,实习时间和任务合理;实习监督和评价系统完善;实习地点和选择多样;在教师资格证方面,通过从临时注册教师到正式注册教师的过程,规范教师的专业发展过程,提升教师资格证的含金量和体育教师的社会地位。通过对新西兰体育教育专业的分析,希望能够对中国体育教育专业的建设产生一定的启发作用。展开更多
文摘The quantitative and qualitative supply of teachers has a significant influence on student academic performance.Based on the samples collected from four provinces and municipalities in China for the Program for International Student Assessment(PISA)2018,this study analyzes the effects of the supply of teachers on the academic performance of 15-year-old students through a hierarchical linear model(HLM)as well as a quantile regression model.The study has found that the shortage of teachers and the proportion of teachers with a master’s degree significantly affect student academic performance,and the supply of teachers with higher degrees has a decreasing marginal benefit on student academic performance;its best marginal benefit on student academic performance is achieved when the proportion of teachers with a master’s degree reaches about 75%.For students in different academic performance subgroups,the marginal benefit of an increase in the proportion of teachers with a master’s degree in schools is higher for“top students”than for“students with learning difficulties.”In terms of the difference between urban and rural areas,the shortage of teachers in rural schools is more prominent than that in urban schools,and teachers with higher degrees tend to cluster in core cities.The marginal benefit of an increase in the proportion of teachers with a master’s degree is higher for improving student academic performance in rural areas.Therefore,it is recommended to design a policy of differentiated compensatory earnings for rural teachers,and efforts should be enhanced to promote programs for supporting high-quality teachers.In addition,the allocation of teachers should follow the principle of“differentiated equity,”and more differentiated teaching strategies should be adopted for students with different academic abilities.
文摘以新西兰奥克兰大学(University of Auckland,简称UA)为例,采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法、案例研究法,对该校体育教育专业的培养目标、课程设置、学生实习和教师资格认证等进行研究。结果表明:该校以培养健康和体育领域的专业人才为主,注重体现教育的专业性、满足国家教师专业标准的要求、培养对毛利民族文化的敏感性;在课程体系中,学科基础课程注重基本知识学习,专业教育课程注重毛利民族教育、健康教育和户外教育,教师教育课程强调教学技能培养,选修课程和通识教育课程重在扩大学生的知识面,同时强调对课程学习评价的多样化;在实习活动方面,实习时间和任务合理;实习监督和评价系统完善;实习地点和选择多样;在教师资格证方面,通过从临时注册教师到正式注册教师的过程,规范教师的专业发展过程,提升教师资格证的含金量和体育教师的社会地位。通过对新西兰体育教育专业的分析,希望能够对中国体育教育专业的建设产生一定的启发作用。
