LIRR＇s Priject of ＂Research on Spalling Mechanism Due to Rapid Heating-up of Dense Refractory Castables＂ declared by Wang Zhanmin,vice-president of LIRR,will gain the fund support from National Natural Science Foun...LIRR＇s Priject of ＂Research on Spalling Mechanism Due to Rapid Heating-up of Dense Refractory Castables＂ declared by Wang Zhanmin,vice-president of LIRR,will gain the fund support from National Natural Science Foundation of China in 2011.展开更多
The Institute for the History of Natural Sciences in Beijing celebrated the sixtieth anniversary of its founding in 1957 with an international symposium devoted to“China and the World in the Global History of Science...The Institute for the History of Natural Sciences in Beijing celebrated the sixtieth anniversary of its founding in 1957 with an international symposium devoted to“China and the World in the Global History of Science and Technology.”2 This contribution to that symposium focuses on the roles that historians of mathematics,East and West,have played in bringing the importance of mathematics in China to the attention of the world at large.It concludes by discussing a controversy surrounding the diagram and purported“proof”given in the ancient mathematical classic,the Zhoubi suanjing周髀算經(Mathematical classic of Zhou’s gnomon),of the gou-gu theorem that appeared in volume 3 of Joseph Needham’s Science and Civilisation in China,published in 1959.展开更多
The history of science and medicine has long been steeped in the notion that they are objective(untainted by the philosophical and ideological ebbs and flows of society)and utilitarian(doing what is best for the great...The history of science and medicine has long been steeped in the notion that they are objective(untainted by the philosophical and ideological ebbs and flows of society)and utilitarian(doing what is best for the greater good).Because of this,scientific and medical epistemologies and praxis are often held to an esteem that is unquestioned,celebrated,and occasionally unchecked.A closer look at the history of science and medicine,however,readily reveal the extent to which the milieu of society has informed scientific and medical endeavors.As such,an understanding of how the subjectivities of scientific and medical endeavors situate within our contemporary disciplines and practices is significant to one’s ability to truly understand said disciplines.Likewise,such an evaluation will provide insight into our role in perpetuating the illusion of objectivity in these fields.With this in mind,this paper provides a philosophical and historical examination of the concept of objectivity(in contrast to subjectivity)in science and medicine.展开更多
Peripheral nerve injury has been shown to result in ectopic spontaneous discharges on soma and injured sites of sensory neurons, thereby inducing neuropathic pain. With the increase of membrane proteins on soma and in...Peripheral nerve injury has been shown to result in ectopic spontaneous discharges on soma and injured sites of sensory neurons, thereby inducing neuropathic pain. With the increase of membrane proteins on soma and injured site neurons, the negatively charged sialic acids bind to the external domains of membrane proteins, resulting in an increase of this charge. We therefore speculate that the electrophoretic velocity of injured neurons may be faster than non-injured neurons. The present study established rat models of neuropathic pain via chronic constriction injury. Results of the cell electrophoresis test revealed that the electrophoretic velocity of injured neuronal cells was faster than that of non-injured （control） cells. We then treated cells with divalent cations of Ca2＋ and organic compounds with positive charges, polylysine to counteract the negatively charged sialic acids, or neuraminidase to specifically remove sialic acids from the membrane surface of injured neurons. All three treatments significantly reduced the electrophoretic velocity of injured neuronal cells. These findings suggest that enhanced sialic acids on injured neurons may accelerate the electrophoretic velocity of injured neurons.展开更多
Background:SOD1 mutations are the most common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)in non-Caucasian patients.Detailed natural history profiles of SOD1-mutant patients will be beneficial for the strategy and inte...Background:SOD1 mutations are the most common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)in non-Caucasian patients.Detailed natural history profiles of SOD1-mutant patients will be beneficial for the strategy and interpretation of future SOD1-targeted clinical practice.Methods:Mutational distribution,age at onset(AAO),site of onset,diagnostic delay,disease progression(rate of ALSFRS-R decrease,ΔFS)and survival were analysed.Further comparisons between heredity of disease,gender,and mutations were performed.Results:Sixty-six cases with 43 SOD1 mutations were included and analysed,with p.His47Arg as the leading mutation and seven novel variants identified.The mean(SD)AAO was 43.92 years(9.24)for all subjects,with a significant difference between patients carrying mutations in exon 2(n=24,46.83,8.31)and exon 4(n=18,37.75,7.67)(p=0.002).The median(IQR)diagnostic delay from symptom onset was 14.50(6.00–36.50)months for all SOD1-mutant patients,9.50(4.75–24.25)months for males and 24.00(9.50–47.50)months for females,revealing a gender difference(p=0.009).Similar advantages in median(IQR)ΔFS[male:female,0.55(0.24–0.94)vs 0.19(0.06–0.90),p=0.041]and mean(95%CI)survival[57.4(38.90–75.90)months vs 125.6(99.80–151.50)months,p=0.006]were also observed in females,both of which existed in sporadic ALS only when stratified by familiar or sporadic ALS.Conclusions:The results highlight a distinct mutational distribution and natural history spectrum in ALS patients carrying SOD1 mutations in China.A prominent mild disease progression was observed in female patients,which had rarely been reported in the previous literature.This finding,together with the detailed analysis of natural history among each mutation,can have important implications for future genetic counselling and SOD1-targeted clinical trials.展开更多
文摘LIRR＇s Priject of ＂Research on Spalling Mechanism Due to Rapid Heating-up of Dense Refractory Castables＂ declared by Wang Zhanmin,vice-president of LIRR,will gain the fund support from National Natural Science Foundation of China in 2011.
文摘The Institute for the History of Natural Sciences in Beijing celebrated the sixtieth anniversary of its founding in 1957 with an international symposium devoted to“China and the World in the Global History of Science and Technology.”2 This contribution to that symposium focuses on the roles that historians of mathematics,East and West,have played in bringing the importance of mathematics in China to the attention of the world at large.It concludes by discussing a controversy surrounding the diagram and purported“proof”given in the ancient mathematical classic,the Zhoubi suanjing周髀算經(Mathematical classic of Zhou’s gnomon),of the gou-gu theorem that appeared in volume 3 of Joseph Needham’s Science and Civilisation in China,published in 1959.
文摘The history of science and medicine has long been steeped in the notion that they are objective(untainted by the philosophical and ideological ebbs and flows of society)and utilitarian(doing what is best for the greater good).Because of this,scientific and medical epistemologies and praxis are often held to an esteem that is unquestioned,celebrated,and occasionally unchecked.A closer look at the history of science and medicine,however,readily reveal the extent to which the milieu of society has informed scientific and medical endeavors.As such,an understanding of how the subjectivities of scientific and medical endeavors situate within our contemporary disciplines and practices is significant to one’s ability to truly understand said disciplines.Likewise,such an evaluation will provide insight into our role in perpetuating the illusion of objectivity in these fields.With this in mind,this paper provides a philosophical and historical examination of the concept of objectivity(in contrast to subjectivity)in science and medicine.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province in China,No.2012011042-3
文摘Peripheral nerve injury has been shown to result in ectopic spontaneous discharges on soma and injured sites of sensory neurons, thereby inducing neuropathic pain. With the increase of membrane proteins on soma and injured site neurons, the negatively charged sialic acids bind to the external domains of membrane proteins, resulting in an increase of this charge. We therefore speculate that the electrophoretic velocity of injured neurons may be faster than non-injured neurons. The present study established rat models of neuropathic pain via chronic constriction injury. Results of the cell electrophoresis test revealed that the electrophoretic velocity of injured neuronal cells was faster than that of non-injured （control） cells. We then treated cells with divalent cations of Ca2＋ and organic compounds with positive charges, polylysine to counteract the negatively charged sialic acids, or neuraminidase to specifically remove sialic acids from the membrane surface of injured neurons. All three treatments significantly reduced the electrophoretic velocity of injured neuronal cells. These findings suggest that enhanced sialic acids on injured neurons may accelerate the electrophoretic velocity of injured neurons.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 81030019Peking University-Ulm University Union Foundation under Grant PKU2017ZC001-2+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality under Grant 7102161the National Clinical Key Program of China.
文摘Background:SOD1 mutations are the most common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)in non-Caucasian patients.Detailed natural history profiles of SOD1-mutant patients will be beneficial for the strategy and interpretation of future SOD1-targeted clinical practice.Methods:Mutational distribution,age at onset(AAO),site of onset,diagnostic delay,disease progression(rate of ALSFRS-R decrease,ΔFS)and survival were analysed.Further comparisons between heredity of disease,gender,and mutations were performed.Results:Sixty-six cases with 43 SOD1 mutations were included and analysed,with p.His47Arg as the leading mutation and seven novel variants identified.The mean(SD)AAO was 43.92 years(9.24)for all subjects,with a significant difference between patients carrying mutations in exon 2(n=24,46.83,8.31)and exon 4(n=18,37.75,7.67)(p=0.002).The median(IQR)diagnostic delay from symptom onset was 14.50(6.00–36.50)months for all SOD1-mutant patients,9.50(4.75–24.25)months for males and 24.00(9.50–47.50)months for females,revealing a gender difference(p=0.009).Similar advantages in median(IQR)ΔFS[male:female,0.55(0.24–0.94)vs 0.19(0.06–0.90),p=0.041]and mean(95%CI)survival[57.4(38.90–75.90)months vs 125.6(99.80–151.50)months,p=0.006]were also observed in females,both of which existed in sporadic ALS only when stratified by familiar or sporadic ALS.Conclusions:The results highlight a distinct mutational distribution and natural history spectrum in ALS patients carrying SOD1 mutations in China.A prominent mild disease progression was observed in female patients,which had rarely been reported in the previous literature.This finding,together with the detailed analysis of natural history among each mutation,can have important implications for future genetic counselling and SOD1-targeted clinical trials.
