A history of the Islamic studies in China,not only includes studies on world Islam,it also includes research on Islam and Muslims in China.Before the Reform and Opening Up,China did not achieve much in this field,sinc...A history of the Islamic studies in China,not only includes studies on world Islam,it also includes research on Islam and Muslims in China.Before the Reform and Opening Up,China did not achieve much in this field,since then,the research field of Islam and Muslim in China has been expanding and the results have been published,forming a new trend.In this field,scholars such as Jin Yijiu,Li Xinghua,Qin Huibin,Zhou Guoli,Sha Qiuzhen,Zhou Xiefan,Wu Yungui,and Yang Huaizhong have made the most outstanding achievements.Especially in the collation of reference books and historical materials,in the past 20 years,The Encyclopedia of the history of Islam,The Chinese Encyclopedia of Islam have emerged,and the Chinese and World Encyclopedia of Islamic Law and other important historical books have been published.This paper focuses on the field of historical research and divided into academic research history at home and abroad,which is discussed from several fields such as general history,special history,national history,and regional history.展开更多
This paper reconstructs,based on American and Chinese primary sources,the visits of Chinese mathematicians Shiing-shen Chern陈省身(Chen Xingshen)and Hua Luogeng华罗庚(Loo-Keng Hua)4 to the Institute for Advanced Study...This paper reconstructs,based on American and Chinese primary sources,the visits of Chinese mathematicians Shiing-shen Chern陈省身(Chen Xingshen)and Hua Luogeng华罗庚(Loo-Keng Hua)4 to the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton in the United States in the 1940s,especially their interactions with Oswald Veblen and Hermann Weyl,two leading mathematicians at the IAS.It argues that Chern’s and Hua’s motivations and choices in regard to their transnational movements between China and the US were more nuanced and multifaceted than what is presented in existing accounts,and that socio-political factors combined with professional-personal ones to shape their decisions.The paper further uses their experiences to demonstrate the importance of transnational scientific interactions for the development of science in China,the US,and elsewhere in the twentieth century.展开更多
This year highlights the centenary of the outbreak of World War I and this paper aims at comparing and contrasting multicultural views on the First World War in Virginia Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway (1925). The views on t...This year highlights the centenary of the outbreak of World War I and this paper aims at comparing and contrasting multicultural views on the First World War in Virginia Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway (1925). The views on the First War are portrayed by a plurality of voices, most of which are women's, and they allow readers to think of the war experience in a more subjective but also more plural way. In this novel, voices from both sides of the First War resonate, i.e., the hegemonic side of the war--the Allies--is compared and contrasted to the subjectivity of the voices of the "others"--the Axis, although they do not necessarily work in harmony. Such innovation in point of view has, in great part, contributed to converging story and history, allowing this literary work to partake in the production of historical knowledge and cultural memory of the War.展开更多
Memories regarding the history of the Second Sino-Japanese War (1931-1945) and World War il (1939-1945) have always been refreshed in the minds of contemporaries through the retelling of "historical war stories"...Memories regarding the history of the Second Sino-Japanese War (1931-1945) and World War il (1939-1945) have always been refreshed in the minds of contemporaries through the retelling of "historical war stories" in various forms including books, posters, films and other media presentations. However, these retellings are often criticised by some academics as distortion of historical facts. This is because many of the present generation of readers and audiences were not even born at the time the events happened. Thus, "historical facts" of this era are, in reality, very vague in people's minds and their "facts" are often simply a construction of frequently retold "historical war stories" mixed with imagination. This article will argue that even immediately after the end of both wars in 1945, fresh history memory was already distorted, with China being the main victim. Following the end of World War II, there was an extensive publication of books and periodicals about the war. However, through varied interpretations of primary sources and use of visual materials in different ways, various positions were created to suit specific needs for justification of China's desire to be part of the camp of world powers after 1945. Similar diverse positions were also used to make political arguments criticising both the Axis and Allied Powers for working toward different political ends.展开更多
This paper recalls the 1942 Rose Bowl game,which was relocated from its traditional site at Pasadena,California,to Duke University in Durham,North Carolina.The Tournament of Roses nearly cancelled the game after a gov...This paper recalls the 1942 Rose Bowl game,which was relocated from its traditional site at Pasadena,California,to Duke University in Durham,North Carolina.The Tournament of Roses nearly cancelled the game after a government request to avoid large crowds on the West Coast,in light of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.Duke,originally selected as the visiting team to play Pacific Coast Conference champion Oregon State University,resolved the dilemma by offering to stage the game at its campus stadium.Duke Stadium had a capacity of only 35,000,much smaller than the Rose Bowl stadium,and 20,000 temporary seats from nearby University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University were added to accommodate fans.On the strength of a 13-point third quarter,Oregon State upset undefeated Duke,20-16,in the 28th Rose Bowl game.The game returned to Pasadena the following year.With Allied victory at the Battle of Midway and stabilization of the Pacific Theater of war,the West Coast was considered secure enough to host large events.The move of the 1942 Rose Bowl was the first of many impacts on sport generally and college football in particular caused by World War II.With male enrollment reduced drastically,many colleges and universities did not field a football team for one or more seasons during the war.Prominent players were killed in action,including some who competed in the 1942 Rose Bowl.Coaches likewise joined the war effort,notably Wallace Wade of Duke.Following the war,the readjustment of servicemen extended to the gridiron,as football rosters included many veterans.Yet the 1942 Rose Bowl has new relevance beyond its 75th anniversary.The 2008 Southeastern Conference men’s basketball tournament was moved when a tornado struck Atlanta.In 2015 terrorists attacked a soccer stadium in Paris,raising new consciousness of the global threat of terrorism.Sport managers strive to make events safe,not only at the venue,but within an expanding perimeter.展开更多
The scientific work on collecting and studying life stories started in Latvia in late 1980s, and mainly was devoted to creation of a multi-voiced counteraction to Soviet-era history. In this article, a life story and ...The scientific work on collecting and studying life stories started in Latvia in late 1980s, and mainly was devoted to creation of a multi-voiced counteraction to Soviet-era history. In this article, a life story and associated discourse units illustrate not only a point about the speaker, but also about the facts and notions that are common to the post-war Latvia. Post-Soviet society still use to give different accounts of the same facts and of the reasons why they happened. Studying multiform social memories that are forming Latvian collective memory is a way to perceive the processes by which these common-sense notions are constructed. The article demonstrates how to use the life story as a source for local history research and at the same time for people self-awareness research. This article is devoted to the analysis of eye-witnesses' (materials gathered from 12 neighboring farmer families) narratives about the post-war reality, comparing the main presumptions of Soviet ideology, existing in Latvia and all other Baltic states, to real life. Provided those presumptions being myths--the term being understood in political science as deceit as a falsifying construct, the author analyses true life stories to show the real danger of intention to exist in some irrational, mythical sphere.展开更多
Modem Chinese study of world history began in the middle of the nineteenth century and was closely related to the main theme of the times, that of saving the nation from subjugation and ensuring its survival. Its chie...Modem Chinese study of world history began in the middle of the nineteenth century and was closely related to the main theme of the times, that of saving the nation from subjugation and ensuring its survival. Its chief feature was that it was attuned to the pulse of the times; in all historical periods, the main current of its research has never deviated from the main theme of the times, showing a strong sense of responsibility to society. Under the new historical conditions of reform and opening up, this sense of social responsibility should be reflected in fundamental adherence to the direction of serving the people and socialism.展开更多
Eva Heyman started writing her diary on February 13,'1944, Friday, on her 13th birthday. Three months later, on May 30, 1944, she was deported to Auschwitz and murdered there. Three days before her deportation, Eva w...Eva Heyman started writing her diary on February 13,'1944, Friday, on her 13th birthday. Three months later, on May 30, 1944, she was deported to Auschwitz and murdered there. Three days before her deportation, Eva was able to give the diary to the Hungarian family cook, who in turn, passed it on to Eva's mother, Egi Zsolt, two year later. The mother published the diary in Hungary in 1948, and almost 20 years later, in 1964, it appeared in Hebrew, published by Yad Vashem as one of the first diaries produced by this institution. The English translation was printed 10 years later, in 1974. Since the latter publication appeared, there has been a debate among scholars regarding the authenticity of the diary, especially because it remained in the hands of the mother and her husband, a well-known Hungarian writer B^la Zsolt, all these years. Some suspected that Zsolt might have had a part in refining the work to ensure its publishing success. The work has been out of print for decades, but less than two years ago, it was reprinted in its original Hungarian form in Budapest. The present case study compares the various versions and attempts to show that what appears, as having been altered by a renowned author is actually the result of a well-intentioned translation. The diaries contain some differences, attributable to translation, resulting in subtle alterations. Hungarian is a synthetic and therefore more laconic language than English. Even the best translation may inadvertently affect historiographical interpretation as well as the moral conclusions of the text. Moreover, the idiomatic structure of the average Hungarian's speech, and its simple, colloquial style present an additional challenge to direct translation. This diary may be a singular case of linguistic manipulation, but its implications are relevant on a much wider scale, especially when examining the writings of young victims. Alexandra Zapruder has pointed at a general tendency to elevate young victims' writings to a moral higher ground, specifically because of a desire to present them in a favorable light. Linguistic transmutation is a mechanism that may alter the original content and context. This paper wishes to draw attention to this device, especially when the original works are subjected to representation.展开更多
This paper aims to reflect upon the approximations between literature and history in Pat Barker's novel Regeneration (1991). The novel fictionalizes the conversations held by three war veterans who wrote and fought...This paper aims to reflect upon the approximations between literature and history in Pat Barker's novel Regeneration (1991). The novel fictionalizes the conversations held by three war veterans who wrote and fought in the First World War (Wilfred Owen, Siegfried Sassoon, and Robert Graves) during their stay at Craiglockart's Hospital--a war hospital for the treatment of shell-shocked officers, in Scotland. The paper addresses more emphatically how traditional male and female roles are renegotiated in Barker's metafiction. Finally, it provides some considerations on British women war writing of the First World War, a tradition in which Regeneration is rooted and emerges as a remarkable contemporary example.展开更多
Besides World War II,there are other times when history of Britain has witness heroes contributing to the country,saving it from imminent harm,and guaranteeing long-lasting prosperity. This essay will compare the two ...Besides World War II,there are other times when history of Britain has witness heroes contributing to the country,saving it from imminent harm,and guaranteeing long-lasting prosperity. This essay will compare the two men's achievement by reviewing their deeds and historical backgrounds through established criteria.展开更多
文摘A history of the Islamic studies in China,not only includes studies on world Islam,it also includes research on Islam and Muslims in China.Before the Reform and Opening Up,China did not achieve much in this field,since then,the research field of Islam and Muslim in China has been expanding and the results have been published,forming a new trend.In this field,scholars such as Jin Yijiu,Li Xinghua,Qin Huibin,Zhou Guoli,Sha Qiuzhen,Zhou Xiefan,Wu Yungui,and Yang Huaizhong have made the most outstanding achievements.Especially in the collation of reference books and historical materials,in the past 20 years,The Encyclopedia of the history of Islam,The Chinese Encyclopedia of Islam have emerged,and the Chinese and World Encyclopedia of Islamic Law and other important historical books have been published.This paper focuses on the field of historical research and divided into academic research history at home and abroad,which is discussed from several fields such as general history,special history,national history,and regional history.
文摘This paper reconstructs,based on American and Chinese primary sources,the visits of Chinese mathematicians Shiing-shen Chern陈省身(Chen Xingshen)and Hua Luogeng华罗庚(Loo-Keng Hua)4 to the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton in the United States in the 1940s,especially their interactions with Oswald Veblen and Hermann Weyl,two leading mathematicians at the IAS.It argues that Chern’s and Hua’s motivations and choices in regard to their transnational movements between China and the US were more nuanced and multifaceted than what is presented in existing accounts,and that socio-political factors combined with professional-personal ones to shape their decisions.The paper further uses their experiences to demonstrate the importance of transnational scientific interactions for the development of science in China,the US,and elsewhere in the twentieth century.
文摘This year highlights the centenary of the outbreak of World War I and this paper aims at comparing and contrasting multicultural views on the First World War in Virginia Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway (1925). The views on the First War are portrayed by a plurality of voices, most of which are women's, and they allow readers to think of the war experience in a more subjective but also more plural way. In this novel, voices from both sides of the First War resonate, i.e., the hegemonic side of the war--the Allies--is compared and contrasted to the subjectivity of the voices of the "others"--the Axis, although they do not necessarily work in harmony. Such innovation in point of view has, in great part, contributed to converging story and history, allowing this literary work to partake in the production of historical knowledge and cultural memory of the War.
文摘Memories regarding the history of the Second Sino-Japanese War (1931-1945) and World War il (1939-1945) have always been refreshed in the minds of contemporaries through the retelling of "historical war stories" in various forms including books, posters, films and other media presentations. However, these retellings are often criticised by some academics as distortion of historical facts. This is because many of the present generation of readers and audiences were not even born at the time the events happened. Thus, "historical facts" of this era are, in reality, very vague in people's minds and their "facts" are often simply a construction of frequently retold "historical war stories" mixed with imagination. This article will argue that even immediately after the end of both wars in 1945, fresh history memory was already distorted, with China being the main victim. Following the end of World War II, there was an extensive publication of books and periodicals about the war. However, through varied interpretations of primary sources and use of visual materials in different ways, various positions were created to suit specific needs for justification of China's desire to be part of the camp of world powers after 1945. Similar diverse positions were also used to make political arguments criticising both the Axis and Allied Powers for working toward different political ends.
文摘This paper recalls the 1942 Rose Bowl game,which was relocated from its traditional site at Pasadena,California,to Duke University in Durham,North Carolina.The Tournament of Roses nearly cancelled the game after a government request to avoid large crowds on the West Coast,in light of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.Duke,originally selected as the visiting team to play Pacific Coast Conference champion Oregon State University,resolved the dilemma by offering to stage the game at its campus stadium.Duke Stadium had a capacity of only 35,000,much smaller than the Rose Bowl stadium,and 20,000 temporary seats from nearby University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University were added to accommodate fans.On the strength of a 13-point third quarter,Oregon State upset undefeated Duke,20-16,in the 28th Rose Bowl game.The game returned to Pasadena the following year.With Allied victory at the Battle of Midway and stabilization of the Pacific Theater of war,the West Coast was considered secure enough to host large events.The move of the 1942 Rose Bowl was the first of many impacts on sport generally and college football in particular caused by World War II.With male enrollment reduced drastically,many colleges and universities did not field a football team for one or more seasons during the war.Prominent players were killed in action,including some who competed in the 1942 Rose Bowl.Coaches likewise joined the war effort,notably Wallace Wade of Duke.Following the war,the readjustment of servicemen extended to the gridiron,as football rosters included many veterans.Yet the 1942 Rose Bowl has new relevance beyond its 75th anniversary.The 2008 Southeastern Conference men’s basketball tournament was moved when a tornado struck Atlanta.In 2015 terrorists attacked a soccer stadium in Paris,raising new consciousness of the global threat of terrorism.Sport managers strive to make events safe,not only at the venue,but within an expanding perimeter.
文摘The scientific work on collecting and studying life stories started in Latvia in late 1980s, and mainly was devoted to creation of a multi-voiced counteraction to Soviet-era history. In this article, a life story and associated discourse units illustrate not only a point about the speaker, but also about the facts and notions that are common to the post-war Latvia. Post-Soviet society still use to give different accounts of the same facts and of the reasons why they happened. Studying multiform social memories that are forming Latvian collective memory is a way to perceive the processes by which these common-sense notions are constructed. The article demonstrates how to use the life story as a source for local history research and at the same time for people self-awareness research. This article is devoted to the analysis of eye-witnesses' (materials gathered from 12 neighboring farmer families) narratives about the post-war reality, comparing the main presumptions of Soviet ideology, existing in Latvia and all other Baltic states, to real life. Provided those presumptions being myths--the term being understood in political science as deceit as a falsifying construct, the author analyses true life stories to show the real danger of intention to exist in some irrational, mythical sphere.
文摘Modem Chinese study of world history began in the middle of the nineteenth century and was closely related to the main theme of the times, that of saving the nation from subjugation and ensuring its survival. Its chief feature was that it was attuned to the pulse of the times; in all historical periods, the main current of its research has never deviated from the main theme of the times, showing a strong sense of responsibility to society. Under the new historical conditions of reform and opening up, this sense of social responsibility should be reflected in fundamental adherence to the direction of serving the people and socialism.
文摘Eva Heyman started writing her diary on February 13,'1944, Friday, on her 13th birthday. Three months later, on May 30, 1944, she was deported to Auschwitz and murdered there. Three days before her deportation, Eva was able to give the diary to the Hungarian family cook, who in turn, passed it on to Eva's mother, Egi Zsolt, two year later. The mother published the diary in Hungary in 1948, and almost 20 years later, in 1964, it appeared in Hebrew, published by Yad Vashem as one of the first diaries produced by this institution. The English translation was printed 10 years later, in 1974. Since the latter publication appeared, there has been a debate among scholars regarding the authenticity of the diary, especially because it remained in the hands of the mother and her husband, a well-known Hungarian writer B^la Zsolt, all these years. Some suspected that Zsolt might have had a part in refining the work to ensure its publishing success. The work has been out of print for decades, but less than two years ago, it was reprinted in its original Hungarian form in Budapest. The present case study compares the various versions and attempts to show that what appears, as having been altered by a renowned author is actually the result of a well-intentioned translation. The diaries contain some differences, attributable to translation, resulting in subtle alterations. Hungarian is a synthetic and therefore more laconic language than English. Even the best translation may inadvertently affect historiographical interpretation as well as the moral conclusions of the text. Moreover, the idiomatic structure of the average Hungarian's speech, and its simple, colloquial style present an additional challenge to direct translation. This diary may be a singular case of linguistic manipulation, but its implications are relevant on a much wider scale, especially when examining the writings of young victims. Alexandra Zapruder has pointed at a general tendency to elevate young victims' writings to a moral higher ground, specifically because of a desire to present them in a favorable light. Linguistic transmutation is a mechanism that may alter the original content and context. This paper wishes to draw attention to this device, especially when the original works are subjected to representation.
文摘This paper aims to reflect upon the approximations between literature and history in Pat Barker's novel Regeneration (1991). The novel fictionalizes the conversations held by three war veterans who wrote and fought in the First World War (Wilfred Owen, Siegfried Sassoon, and Robert Graves) during their stay at Craiglockart's Hospital--a war hospital for the treatment of shell-shocked officers, in Scotland. The paper addresses more emphatically how traditional male and female roles are renegotiated in Barker's metafiction. Finally, it provides some considerations on British women war writing of the First World War, a tradition in which Regeneration is rooted and emerges as a remarkable contemporary example.
文摘Besides World War II,there are other times when history of Britain has witness heroes contributing to the country,saving it from imminent harm,and guaranteeing long-lasting prosperity. This essay will compare the two men's achievement by reviewing their deeds and historical backgrounds through established criteria.