Knowledge,attitude,and practice of patients living with inflammatory bowel disease:A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases(IBDs)generally have poor knowledge,attitude,and practice of their disease,while the data from China are lacking.AIM To address this knowledge disparity among Chinese patients with IBD.METHODS This web-based,cross-sectional study was conducted on a cohort of IBD patients who visited the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between December 2022 and February 2023.Their socio-demographic information and the knowledge,attitude,and practice scores were collected and estimated using a self-designed questionnaire.Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to determine the pairwise correlations among knowledge,attitude,and practice scores.A multivariate logistic regression analysis was further performed to determine the independent factors associated with their knowledge,attitude,and practice scores.RESULTS A total of 353 patients(224 males)with IBD completed the questionnaires.The mean knowledge,attitude,and practice scores were 10.05±3.46(possible range:0-14),41.58±5.23(possible range:0-56),44.20±7.39(possible range:0-56),respectively,indicating good knowledge,positive attitude,and proactive practice toward IBD.Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that the knowledge score had significant positive correlations with the attitude score(r=0.371,P<0.001)and practice score(r=0.100,P<0.001).The attitude score had a significant positive correlation with the practice score(r=0.452,P<0.001).Moreover,multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that aged 30-40 years[odds ratio(OR)=4.06,95%confidence interval(CI):1.04-15.82,P=0.043],middle school education(OR=3.98,95%CI:1.29-12.33,P=0.017),high school/technical secondary school education(OR=14.06,95%CI:3.92-50.38,P<0.001),and junior college/bachelor’s degree and above education(OR=15.20,95%CI:4.15-55.650,P<0.001)were independently associated with good knowledge.The higher knowledge score was independently associated with a positive attitude(OR=1.23,95%CI:1.11-1.36,P<0.001).The higher attitude score was independently associated with proactive practice(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.11-1.30,P<0.001).CONCLUSION Chinese patients with IBD might have good knowledge,a positive attitude,and proactive practice toward their disease.However,a small number of specific items require education.

The Role of Skills Competitions in Improving the Practical Ability of Vocational College Students

Vocational education and general education are two different types of education that are equally important.The orientation of talent training in vocational education is to nurture skilled talents to serve the society.The practical ability of students is both the focus of teaching in vocational colleges and the requirement of enterprise posts.The various types of skills competitions provide a“stage”for students to showcase their abilities.First,this paper explores students’problem-solving ability while preparing for these competitions,expounding the importance of vocational education and skills competitions.Second,this paper summarizes the views of different scholars.Third,based on a specific case,this paper describes the improvement in students’ability while preparing for these competitions.Fourth,this paper analyzes the results of the questionnaire survey conducted to investigate the improvement in students’ability.Lastly,this paper puts forward several suggestions that appeal for vocational colleges to pay more attention to skills competitions.

The eligibility criteria,training content,and scope of practice for prescriptive authority for midwives:a modified Delphi study

Objective:To investigate the necessary eligibility criteria for prescriptive authority for midwives,gather suggestions from experts on training content for prescriptive authority for midwives,and explore the scope of practice of their prescriptive authority in certain circumstances.The results of this study could serve as a reference for the development of policies on prescriptive authority for midwives.Methods:Based on a literature search and semistructured interviews,a modified Delphi method was first used to conduct 2 rounds of expert consultation on eligibility criteria and training content for prescriptive authority for midwives.This stage included nursing experts(20)and medical experts(16)engaged in midwifery in many tertiary Grade A hospitals in China.Subsequently,consultation on the scope of practice of prescriptive authority for midwives was conducted with nursing experts(18)and medical experts(14)engaged in midwifery in many tertiary Grade A hospitals in China.The suggestions from the experts were analyzed using statistical methods to confirm the eligibility criteria for prescriptive authority,training content,circumstances,scope of practice for prescriptive authority,and the prescription forms.Results:Among the consulted experts,70.59%(the highest acceptance rate)considered an undergraduate degree to be the minimum educational requirement for midwives to be eligible for prescriptive authority,85.29%(the highest acceptance rate)considered the supervisor nurse to be the minimum technical position experience necessary for midwives to be eligible for having prescriptive authority,and 50%(the highest acceptance rate)considered 5 years to be the minimum number of years of experience in the specialty for midwives to be eligible for prescriptive authority.The applicants should at least be practicing at Grade C hospitals,which was the consensus among 91.18%of the consulted experts.Among the consulted experts,100%,100%,97.06%,94.12%,and 94.12%agreed that the applicants should have knowledge in pharmacology,laws and ethics,nursing,diagnostics,and midwifery,respectively.The consulted experts confirmed 22 related course topics and identified 6 specific circumstances in which the midwives could partially practice prescriptive authority,including uterine atony,excessive uterine contraction,postpartum hemorrhage,premature rupture of fetal membranes,normal labor,and neonatal asphyxia.Under these 6 circumstances,the consulted experts commonly agreed that there were 20 medication prescriptions and 13 auxiliary examination prescriptions that could be prescribed by midwives.Of these prescriptions,51.5%were independent prescriptions,30.3%were protocol prescriptions,and the remaining 18.2%were both independent and protocol prescriptions.Conclusions:Midwives who have an undergraduate degree,supervisor nurse position,and 5 years of practice in Grade C hospitals are considered eligible to apply for prescriptive authority.Partial prescriptive authority could be granted after regulated training in fundamental theories and practices,which could improve the independence and professionalism of midwifery.

The Implementation of Business Strategy and Management Accounting Practice to Increase Competitive Advantage in Fashion-Based Creative Industry

This study aimed to obtain empirical evidence related to:(1)competitive strategy implemented by small and medium-size enterprises(SMEs)fashion sector;(2)management accounting system practiced by SMEs fashion sector;and(3)analyze whether the existing accounting system,in accordance with contingency theory is adequate to support strategy implementation.The object of this study is SMEs engaged in the fashion sector with research variables are:competitive strategy and management accounting practices.Methods of data collection using questionnaires with respondents are owners of SMEs fashion sector.Data analysis used quantitative descriptive analysis.The result of data analysis shows that most of SMEs which become sample of this research have been exporting or planned to export its product.Based on further analysis,most of SMEs engaged in the sector have not yet prepared financial statements.The most important accounting records are records of receivables,cash inflows,and cash outflow.With these results,it can be concluded that the fashion-based SMEs sector has not been supported by adequate management accounting system to support the implementation of competitive strategy.In order to improve the competitive advantage of fashion-based SMEs,it is necessary to assist management accounting system as a provider of information that can be used as a basis for decision-making in accordance with the strategy implemented.

STUDIES ON THE COMPETITION FOR CADMIUM ION BETWEEN CHELATING AGENTS AND BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN

Eleven chelating agents were studied for their capabilities to mobilize the cadmium bound tp bovine serum albumin(BSA).The parameter F,which is defined as the ratio between the percentages of cadmium bound to BSA in the presence and absence of chelating agents,can be used as the criterion to evaluate the mobilizing capability of chelating agent.The F values determined experimentally lead to a mobilizing capability order:DTPA>EDTA>EGTA>NTA>TR1EN>PEN>CYS>HIS>SAThe polyaminopolycarboxylate type chelators mobilize cadmium effectively.A linear relationship was found between 1gF and lg k'CdL (conditional stability constant of the cadmium chelate).

Feelings and Spiritual Practices of Patients with Mastectomy: A Qualitative Study from Turkey

Purpose: This study was conducted to describe feelings and spiritual practices of patients with mastectomy. Method: The study was employed a qualitative design at a private university hospital oncology unit in Ankara, Turkey. Interviews were performed with 20 mastectomized women. Results: The findings indicated that commonly used in several spiritual practices;prayer was used by 96%, of the patients, and 94% requested that others pray for their health, the practice to positive reframing (76%), the practice to planning for family-friends activities (74%), visiting mos-que-shrine (73%), and the practice to reading Quran (71%). The categorization of the data led to identification of three thematic units. The first we described as “Experiencing the consequences of illness as a disorder”. The second was “Restoring a sense of order to life”, and the third was “Living with the new condition”. Conclusion: We concluded that a having mastectomy was difficult for the subjects. In this respect, nurses’ role is vital to help women with breast cancer in such a difficult and modifying process as breast removal.

Competition effects in an afrotemperate forest

Background： Information about competition responses is mainly available for monospecific stands or mixed stands with a small number of species. Studies on complex multi-species and highly structured forest ecosystems are scarce. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to quantify competition effects and analyse competition responses in a species-diverse afrotemperate forest in South Africa, based on an observational study with mapped tree positions and long-term diameter increment records. Methods： The sensitivity to competition was analysed for individual species and involved the calculation of the slope of the linear relation between the value of a competition index （CI） and diameter growth as a measure of sensitivity. In a next step different competition indices were combined and tree diameters were grouped in three classes as surrogates for canopy status and ontogenetic stage. Results： Five competition indices were found to be effective in showing sensitivity to competition for a number of canopy and sub-canopy species. Significant linear regressions were fitted for 18 of a total of 25 species. Species reactions varied significantly in their sensitivity to the different CIs. The indices were classified as belonging to two groups, those that responded more to local crowding and those that are more sensitive to overtopping, which revealed species-specific sensitivities to both factors. The analysis based on diameter classes revealed that species clearly changed their sensitivity to crowding or overtopping depending on diameter. Canopy and sub-canopy species showed distinct differences in their reactions. Conclusions： The application of multiple CIs brought novel insights relating to the dynamics of afrotemperate forests. The response patterns to different competition indices that focus on crowding and overtopping are varied and tree diameter dependent, indicating that oversimplified assumptions are not warranted in the interpretation of Cl- growth relations.

A Practical Study on Value-Added Assessment in Primary English Education

As a programmatic document to guide the reform of educational assessment,the“General Plan for Deepening the Reform of Educational Assessment in the New Era”clearly points out the requirement for exploring value-added assessment[1].In the process of exploring,Tennessee Value-Added Assessment System(TVAAS),which was implemented in Tennessee,United States in 1992,has a certain referential significance to the practice of assessment reform in primary English education[2].This study aims to build a value-added assessment model in line with China’s learning conditions by using big data and carry out pilot experiments in order to promote the development of educational assessment in primary schools.

“研究翻译话翻译”对话录

20世纪缘起的翻译标准大讨论方兴未艾。在新的历史发展时期,由于翻译研究的多元化和有关评价体系的变化,翻译实践这一经典问题有了重新讨论和阐释的必要。翻译实践在译学界的地位和功能是什么?翻译专业学生培养如何与社会需求有效对接?为此,周领顺教授、孟祥春教授、冯全功教授、任东升教授、李正栓教授和王理行编审以“翻译实践之史”“翻译实践之理”“翻译实践之功”“翻译实践之练”“翻译实践之趣”和“翻译实践之需”为主题发表了真知灼见,以期对译学界学者的翻译研究以及现阶段翻译专业硕士和未来翻译专业博士的培养发挥积极的指导或借鉴作用。

基于能力导向的建筑学专业教学实践——以天津大学建筑学专业教学改革为例

针对中国建筑教育现有体系存在的传统文化基因系统性缺失、教学与实践关联性不足、学习主体竞争意识薄弱与国际视野受限的问题,文章试图构建以厚植文化内生力、培养实践创新力、激发国际竞争力为导向的建筑学领军人才培养模式。文章以天津大学建筑学院十余年(2012—2022年)的教学实践为佐证,阐释以内生力、创新力、竞争力为主线的培养理念、课程建设与实施路径,以期为培养国家未来领军建筑人才提供有益参考。

产研赛与导师制多育并举人才培养模式探索

面对新一轮的科技革命和产业变革,培养创新应用型化工人才是适应国家重大战略发展的重要任务。重庆大学化学化工学院以“提升人才培养质量”为目标,积极探索、大胆尝试,从人、财、物三个方面推进人才培养创新实践,提出全程导师制与“产研赛”平台多育并举的人才培养模式,培养敢于担当、综合素质优秀、理工基础扎实、工程实践和创新能力强的化工领军人才。经过实践探索,该人才培养模式以学生为中心融合导师与平台,提升学生对专业的认知,增强学生的使命感,培养学生的创新能力和实践能力,具有一定的推广示范效果。

游学类通识课程中外环境概览的海外实践与探索——以同济大学佛罗伦萨海外校区为例

中外环境概览是同济大学基于佛罗伦萨海外校区在2023年新开设的游学类通识教育选修课程,使非环境专业的本科生在了解国内环境治理现状及主流环境治理技术的基础上,走出国门了解欧洲的环境治理理念、环境治理设施及主要的治理技术。通过水、气、固等模块化知识内容讲解,结合典型案例解析、实践参观和专题研讨,打通“理论学习-海外认知实践-国际文化交流”教学链。在此基础上,强化学生对保护生态环境的认知、践行生态文明理念,提升学生的国际视野和国际文化交流能力,培养学生的担当意识、家国情怀及全球胜任力。

实践创新能力驱动的化工人才培养模式构建与实施

以中北大学“化学工程与工艺”专业为例,构建“学训赛创”四元互促人才培养模式,在扎实的理论教学基础上,融入实验、实习、实训,并结合学科赛事,全面提升学生实践创新能力。实践结果表明,该模式强化了学生对复杂工程问题的处理能力,并显著提升了师资水平,为行业培养了工程创新人才,展现出良好的示范性和推广价值。

分层次、重融合的化学实验教学示范中心人才培养模式探索

化学实验是传授理论知识、培养实验技能和价值塑造的重要载体,安徽师范大学化学国家级实验教学示范中心构建了基础–综合–专业–创新–实践分层次的实验教学体系,将课程思政、科学研究、学科竞赛、就业创业与实验教学深度融合,持续优化实验教学内容,实践多模式实验教学方法。促进了教师在科学研究、教学研究和实践教学中的协调发展;践行OBE理念,在坚实的基础与综合实验技能基础上,培养和训练学生的创新思维和科学素养。

基于虚拟靶场的渗透测试实践教学机制探索

渗透测试实践教学是为信息安全相关专业学生开设的少数攻击类课程,是必不可少的教学环节。随着《中华人民共和国网络安全法》等法律法规的不断完善,渗透测试教学的实践模式需要不断创新。针对实践教学中资源和时间方面的难题,设计并实现基于OpenStack的虚拟靶场系统,从教学过程、教学方法 、考核方式等角度分别提出开放式线上线下混合教学、引导式基础实验过程、赛学融合的考核方式等具体改革方法,探索渗透测试实践教学的新机制。

知识技能大赛在麻醉科临床实习带教中的应用效果

目的:探讨知识技能大赛在麻醉科临床实习带教中的应用效果。方法:选取2021年7月—2022年12月于广州医科大学附属第一医院麻醉科实习的麻醉专业本科学生50名作为研究对象,其中于2021年7—12月进行实习的25名学生作为对照组,于2022年7—12月进行实习的25名学生作为试验组。对照组实施常规带教模式,试验组在对照组基础上,于实习第40周进行知识技能竞赛带教模式。比较两组考核成绩、教学效果。结果:试验组理论考试成绩、技能操作考试成绩、出科考试成绩高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组自主学习能力、临床分析能力、临床操作能力、专业素养评分及总分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:知识技能大赛在麻醉科临床实习带教中的应用效果较好,可提高学生理论考试成绩、技能操作考试成绩、出科考试成绩,保证教学质量。

全科医学和初级保健横断面研究的基本设计和实施步骤

横断面研究是经典的研究设计方法之一,在临床各个专业中均有广泛的应用。在全科医学研究中大量科学问题的解答采用了横断面研究设计。这其中不仅包括了对人群健康特征,疾病特征或卫生服务现状的调查研究,还包括了面向社区人群的疾病筛查诊断方法构建等多种研究场景。在全科医学领域中,横断面研究可以做现况描述和比较分析,关联因素分析以及社区筛查诊断方法探索。开展横断面研究应包括研究设计和研究实施两个阶段,研究设计包括准确提炼研究目标,明确研究人群,研究因素及结局指标等临床要素以及确定样本获取方式,明确样本量的确定依据及合理的统计分析策略等方法学要素。研究实施,则需要通过完备的研究方案和病例报告表呈现研究设计思路,在伦理批准的前提下开展数据收集工作,同时注重数据管理工作质量并严格执行方案中的统计分析方法,求证医学问题。横断面研究的特点是相比于随访观察研究所需要的研究周期相对较短,不同基础的研究团队都能找到适合的研究方向,通过了解健康医疗现状,从探讨关联因素创建筛查方法等角度,服务社区医疗。