Spatial diversion and coordination of flood water for an urban flood control project in Suzhou, China

Suzhou City,located in the Yangtze River Delta in China,is prone to flooding due to a complex combination of natural factors,including its monsoon climate,low elevation,and tidally influenced position,as well as intensive human activities.The Large Encirclement Flood Control Project(LEFCP)was launched to cope with serious floods in the urban area.This project changed the spatiotemporal pattern of flood processes and caused spatial diversion of floods from the urban area to the outskirts of the city.Therefore,this study developed a distributed flood simulation model in order to understand this transition of flood processes.The results revealed that the LEFCP effectively protected the urban areas from floods,but the present scheduling schemes resulted in the spatial diversion of floods to the outskirts of the city.With rainstorm frequencies of 10.0%to 0.5%,the water level differences between two representative water level stations(Miduqiao(MDQ)and Fengqiao(FQ))located inside and outside the LEFCP area,ranged from 0.75 m to 0.24 m and from 1.80 m to 1.58 m,respectively.In addition,the flood safety margin at MDQ and the duration with the water level exceeding the warning water level at FQ ranged from 0.95 m to 0.43 m and from 4 h to 22 h,respectively.Rational scheduling schemes for the hydraulic facilities of the LEFCP in extreme precipitation cases were developed ac-cording to food simulations under seven scheduling scenarios.This helps to regulate the spatial flood diversion caused by the LEFCP during extreme precipitation.

Techniques of Making Suzhou Fans

SUZHOU fans are a special traditional handcraft of Suzhou City,east China’s Zhejiang Province,having a history of several hundred years.Suzhou fans can be categorized into three main types:folding fans,sandalwood fans,and Tuan(round-shaped)fans.Fans were widely used in Suzhou during the Southern Song Dynasty(1127-1279).Later in the Ming Dynasty(1368-1644),numerous fan-making workshops appeared in the city,then during the Qing Dynasty(1644-1911),Suzhou fans became royal tributes.Many fans found today in the collection of the Palace Museum in the Forbidden City were made in Suzhou.In 2006,the techniques of making Suzhou fans were included in the national intangible cultural heritage list.

The Evolution of Mass Media and Shanghai-Style Suzhou Pingtan in Modern Shanghai

With the development of urban culture in modern Shanghai,Shanghai style(海派Haipai)has gradually formed its own features.As a crucial component of urban culture,modern mass media reflects the essence of Shanghai-style culture in its development.Its modernity,commerciality,openness,and innovation display the cultural trait of keeping up with the times.During the Xianfeng and Tongzhi periods of the Qing Dynasty(1851-1875),Suzhou Pingtan(苏州评弹)was introduced to Shanghai due to the influence of the Taiping Rebellion(太平天国战争),and began its Shanghai-style evolution in the context of modern mass media.On the one hand,modern newspapers and electronic media became crucial tools for the promotion of Suzhou Pingtan performers;on the other hand,the daily lives,performing careers,and public images of these performers became focal points of media attention.Mass media facilitated the Shanghai-style development of Suzhou Pingtan,and through it,changes in commercial awareness,performance styles,artistic expressions,musical innovation,and the celebrity-like performers all reflected the process of Shanghai-style development in Pingtan art.

The Impact of The Three-Dimensional Cultivation Model on the Development of the Suzhou Tea Industry:Estimating Value of Output Per Acre and Diversified Sales Models

This article explores the impact of the three-dimensional cultivation mode on the development of the Suzhou tea industry,focusing on the diversified estimation of the value of output per acre and sales mode.It introduces the history and traditional cultivation practices of tea in Suzhou,as well as the current challenges and problems faced by the industry.An in-depth analysis was conducted on the overview and improvement plans of the three-dimensional cultivation mode,covering relevant technical methods.Based on this analysis,the impact of the three-dimensional cultivation on the value of output per acre was studied and predicted.Its potential and advantages were explored and compared with the effectiveness of traditional cultivation models.Additionally,the impact of the three-dimensional cultivation mode on sales was analyzed,examining its market adaptability and competitiveness,as well as its advantages in expanding sales channels and market coverage.The study also focused on the promoting effect of diversified sales models on the Suzhou tea industry,including direct consumption market development,tea processing product development and promotion,and the integration of tea culture and the tourism industry.To ensure sustainable development,the article evaluates the environmental impact,economic feasibility,social benefits,and farmer benefits of the three-dimensional cultivation model.Finally,the prospects for the development of the Suzhou tea industry were discussed,and the positioning and response strategies of the threedimensional cultivation model were proposed.

Suzhou’s Dragon Boat Festival

ON the fifth day of the fifth month on the lunar calendar,most parts of China commemorate Qu Yuan(340-278 BC),the great Chinese poet who lived in the State of Chu during the Warring States period,by celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival.In Suzhou,a prosperous city in east China,local people’s folk customs during the festival differ from other regions.Here,the origin of the festival can be traced back to the commemoration of Wu Zixu(559-484 BC),a prestigious general of the State of Wu during the Spring and Autumn Period.Over time,the Dragon Boat Festival has gradually evolved into a grand event that is celebrated in Suzhou every year,featuring distinctive local cultural traditions and folk activities that attract large turnouts of people.The custom was included in the first batch of China’s national intangible cultural heritage items in 2006.

Analysis of Vertical Greening Landscaping in Suzhou Classical Gardens of China

Based on the survey of vertical greening plants in Suzhou classical gardens, the paper had introduced plants varieties for vertical greening in the gardens, and pointed out that it was one of the common techniques for vertical greening landscaping to make use of vine plants. It had also introduced 23 species of plants having been applied in vertical greening landscaping in Suzhou classical gardens, which belonged to 19 genera and 13 families. In terms of application form, it emphasized that white walls should be treated as papers and plants as paintings, shelves as pavilions and plants as shade, fences as supports and plants as decorations, rockeries as bones and plants as coats, banks as bases and plants as edges, columns as axes and plants as ornaments, bridges as surfaces and plants as points, and sloping fields as groves and plants as auxiliaries by taking vertical greening in Nets Garden, the Humble Administrator's Garden, Lingering Garden, the Garden of Pleasant, the Lion Forest Garden and Coupling Garden for example.

Characteristics Comparison of Garden Plant Furnishing between Suzhou City and Hangzhou City

This study aimed to analyze the difference and commonness between the garden landscape in Suzhou City (Jiangsu Province) and Hangzhou City (Zhejiang Province) from the aspects of landscape type,plant selection and application,landscape design mode,principle and service object.

Evaluation on Ecological Urban Construction of Suzhou City in China from Outward Appearance to Inner Essence

After the discussion of accomplishments of ecological urban construction in Suzhou City, the current ecological urban construction in Suzhou has been compared with the national standard for ecological urban construction. According to the actual situation of Suzhou urban construction, the health evaluation index system and standards for urban eco-system have been established based on natural, economic and social sub-system. By using mean square deviation, indexes' weights have been identified. After the quantitative research on the health condition of urban eco-system in Suzhou City from 2004 to 2008, it has found key problems existing in its ecological urban construction. The results show that Suzhou urban eco-system develops well in general, but the three sub-systems are coordinated with each other moderately, and natural sub-system suffers severe pressure.

产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌中检出aac(6′)-Ⅰb-suzhou型基因

目的了解质粒介导的喹诺酮耐药基因在产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ELBLs)大肠埃希菌的耐药特点及耐药机制。方法用纸片扩散法检测59株产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌对11种抗生素的敏感性,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测qnrA、qnrB和qnrS、qnrC、aac(6′)-Ⅰb及qepA基因,并对扩增阳性基因qnrB、aac(6′)-Ⅰb测序后进行BLAST比对分析。结果 59株产超广谱β-内酰胺酶的大肠埃希菌共检出qnrB 3株(5.1%)、aac(6′)-Ⅰb 22株(37.3%),qnrB经测序证实为qnrB4,aac(6′)-Ⅰb经测序证实为aac(6′)-Ⅰb-cr型1株(1.7%)和aac(6′)-Ⅰb-suzhou型3株(5.1%)。结论大肠埃希菌多重耐药机制与产超广谱β-内酰胺酶及携带qnrB4、aac(6′)-Ⅰb和aac(6′)-Ⅰb-cr基因有关;本研究是国内首次从大肠埃希菌中检出aac(6′)-Ⅰb-suzhou型基因。

"One Brand for One Village"Planning of Qingzhong Loquat Sightseeing Park in Jinting Township of Suzhou City,China

The planning and design of Qingzhong Loquat Sightseeing Park in Jinting Township, Wuzhong District, Suzhou City was taken for an example, industrial development, advantages and disadvantages of the study area were analyzed. Design concepts and techniques of"One Brand for One Village"for Qingzhong Loquat Sightseeing Park were introduced from the perspectives of project orientation, planning concepts, functional division, scenic spot design, infrastructure planning and so on. Six ancient relics and three grotesque trees were introduced to expound the planning scheme of typical landscapes. Finally, the architectural control planning from the perspectives of height and style was stressed. The planning scheme broke common restraints of other similar parks, such as poor infrastructure and disordered garden constructions, proposed the planning concept of"building a modern eco-agricultural sightseeing fruit park mainly for production but also integrating functions of tourism, ecological picking, recreation and entertainment", providing a basis for building "One Brand for One Village" and realizing the high-efficiency scale-development of agriculture.

Current Situation of Houseplant Decoration in Suzhou City

On the basis of investigation of status of houseplant decoration in modern commercial space,banks,hospitals,hotel hall,dining space,library and office in Suzhou City,the paper analyzed its characters,pointed out their shortcomings and put forward reasonable suggestions.

THE URBAN FUNCTION OF SUZHOU ON BASIS OF THE SHANGHAI-SUZHOU RELATIONSHIP

Economic globalizationandknowled ge economy provide newopportunity f or development of Suzhou,a histori-cal city which has traditional intim ate relationship with Shanghai.Thi s paper aims at exploring the chances and chal-lenges faced by Suzhou at the newcent ury and makes the quantitative analy sis of the urban function of the Suzhou Municipali-ty through the studies of the Greater Shanghai Metropolitan Area and the Shanghai-Suzhou relationship.It re aches the conclu-sion that in the new century Suzhou sh all make the integrated development with Shanghai to be built into the pro cessing and manufacturing base with the high and new technology as the mainstay.I n the meantime Suzhou shall also beco me one of the research bases for the advanced technology and the modern tourist city with beautiful eco-environm ent.

Analysis of Strategies to Improve Traffic Conditions in the Ancient Urban Area of Suzhou

In this paper, the authors first analyse the problems existing in the situation of land use, structure of travel mode and road network by applying the basic principle of traffic engineering and system engineering methods. Then, the authors make it clear the strategies to be adopted for solving the existing traffic problems in the ancient urban area of Suzhou(AUAS), namely insisting on the goal based strategy; the strategy to develop the public transit system in priority and decreasing the demand on cars from the view point of land use strategy. On the basis of such analysis the authors put forth proposals about major measures to be taken to improve traffic conditions of the AUAS, such as construction of express artery ring around the ancient city, appropriate transformation of the roads in the AUAS and rational distribution of car parking areas at the outskirt, which are of positive significance in guiding the protection of the AUAS and transportation construction. In this paper, specialized software is used to establish criteria for the construction scale and extent analysis and evaluation of the ancient city construction project, which is of some reference significance to the transformation of old urban areas in other cities.

Impact of land use change on soil resources in the peri-urban area of Suzhou city

The Yangtze delta area is among the fastest developing areas in China. Here there are mega-cities like Shanghai, Nanjing and the attached urban areas of different sizes including those along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River from Shanghai up to Nanjing as well as their satellite cities and towns, forming one of the most densely distributed urban areas in China. This is a case study done in Suzhou city at the center of the Yangtze delta to reflect the impact of urban sprawl on soil resources using satellite images and digital soil databases. The extent of the developed land in the studied area and the impact of development on soil resources at 1:100,000 scale are estimated and the soil types impacted most by urbanization development are determined through overlaying the soil map on the satellite images (Landsat-7) of the studied area at different times (1984, 1995, 2000 and 2003). The methodology for this study consists of analyzing data resulting from using a geographic information system (GIS) to combine urban land use maps of different times derived from satellite images with data on soil characteristics contained in the established soil databases by which some results come into being to present the fast expanding trend of urbanization in the Yangtze delta area, the urban spread and the soils occupied by the urbanization process, and also the quality of the occupied soils.

Dynamic Evolvement of Agricultural System and Typical Patterns of Modern Agriculture in Coastal China:A Case of Suzhou

Based on dynamic theory of system, agriculture is a complex system composed by element, structure, function and development. Firstly, this paper analyzes their connotation and relationship, which could be simply described that in virtue of element integrating and structure optimizing, agricultural system may achieve multifunctionality to meet increasingly diverse demands. As a case study of Suzhou, it concludes that Suzhou has a LP-dependence on agricultural element, and the growth extent of agricultural productivity correlates to the ratio of agricultural labor reduc- ing rate to farmland reducing rate. Agricultural structure of Suzhou changed with time, and in the early 1980s and 2000s it was most notable. Correspondingly, agricultural function has experienced a succession process: 'production', 'production-living', and 'production-living-ecology'. At last, based on questionnaires and interviews, some new characteristics and problems of agricultural development in coastal developed region of China have been put forward. Meanwhile, some typical patterns of modern agriculture in Suzhou which adapt to system evolving are also brought up such as export-oriented agriculture, enterprises-leading agriculture, agricultural science and technology parks, characteristic and stereoscopic agriculture, tourism and sightseeing agriculture.

System dynamics model of Suzhou water resources carrying capacity and its application

A model of Suzhou water resources carrying capacity （WRCC） was set up using the method of system dynamics （SD）. In the model, three different water resources utilization programs were adopted： （1） continuity of existing water utilization, （2） water conservation/saving, and （3） water exploitation. The dynamic variation of the Suzhou WRCC was simulated with the supply-decided principle for the time period of 2001 to 2030, and the results were characterized based on socio-economic factors. The corresponding Suzhou WRCC values for several target years were calculated by the model. Based on these results, proper ways to improve the Suzhou WRCC are proposed. The model also produced an optimized plan, which can provide a scientific basis for the sustainable utilization of Suzhou water resources and for the coordinated development of the society, economy, and water resources.

SPATIAL STRUCTURE EVOLUTION OF SYSTEM OF RECREATION BUSINESS DISTRICT——A Case of Suzhou City

The growing attention on urban tourism was very widespread. There are two angles to study urban tourism: supply-side and demand-side. And the supply-side of the tourism remains very important. The RBD (Recreation Business District) is a useful framework to understand the components of urban tourism and how they fit together. The paper begins with a review on the RBD and the spatial structure of tourism in urban areas and then attempts to develop a more general understanding of the spatial structure evolution of RBDs in a tourist-historic city-Suzhou. The spatial structures and functions of the RBDs in Suzhou are examined, based on field observations, interviews with city officials and industry leaders, and a review of available documents. The urban tourism of Suzhou has developed in a range of contexts, that various types of RBDs have emerged as a result of different urban development strategies. The spatial structure has evolved from the past "Single-cored Structure" to "Double-cored Structure" at present, and then to "Chain Structure" in the future. The spatial form and evolution of RBD in Suzhou are closely relative with its urban spatial expansion. Urban area dispersal is the prerequisite of the emergence of the RBD. Planning and constructing the RBD becomes a new impetus to urban growth or renewal. Finally, a number of strategies for planning and developing the RBD in Suzhou are suggested. The different RBDs should adopt different strategies. Intensification can be the possible strategy for the RBDs in the ancient city. Accreting with the urban theme park or engrafting on the Jinji Lake is suggested respectively for the RBD in the Suzhou New District and the Suzhou Industrial Park.

A Siltation Simulation and Desiltation Measurement Study Downstream of the Suzhou Creek Sluice, China

The Suzhou Creek Sluice is currently the largest underwater plain gate in the world, with a single span of 100 m. It is located in a tidal estuary at the junction of the Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek in Shanghai, China. In this study, physical and 2D vertical mathematical models were used to investigate and distinguish the mechanism of siltation downstream of an underwater plain gate from that of other gates types. According to quantitative data obtained by site investigation and the application of the physical hydrodynamic models, it was found that the characteristics of the tidal estuary as well as the fact that the sluice span is equal to the creek width are the major reasons contributing to siltation. A possible desiltation treatment system is proposed for the underwater plain gate. The system includes selection of a suitable location that allows the determination of a reasonable top elevation of the sluice floor, reserving sufficient space under the gate to accommodate siltation, setting up a mechanical desiltation system, and flushing silt along with overflow over the top of the gate. Furthermore, on-site hydraulic silt flushing experiments and a topography survey were conducted. These results showed that the measurement system is effective, and by maintaining this scheduled operation once a month, the downstream riverbed has been maintained in a good condition.

Study on the Landscape Flavor of Suzhou Industrial Park

The creation of new urban landscape environment is one of the core problems to inherit the urban history and culture and to form its character.By analyzing the landscape nodes around the Jinji Lake in Suzhou Industrial Park,this research sums up its natural landscape flavor created by water resource,the art landscape flavor created by buildings' layout,and the vivid culture flavor of urban landscape.The combination of the park's landscape creation and its nature,art and culture completely describes the feature of Jinji Lake Industrial Park-the fusion of history and fashion,classical garden and western garden,natural landscape and man-made landscape.

REGIONAL EFFECTS BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUZHOU INDUSTRY GARDEN

Suzhou Industry Garden is one of the few areas which attract foreign capital on a large scale in China. Its construction will bring effects on regional economy obviously. First, the garden as an important part of the construction of high tech industry belt between Shanghai and Nanjing will become the radiating source and core area in the course of development of high tech industrialization in the southern area of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River. Second, the garden will influence the development of Taicang City, the door port city of Suzhou, and the development of peripheral villages and towns as well. As Taicang City is being constructed as the assistant center for International Shipping Centre in Shanghai, the structure of double nucleus by which Suzhou and Taicang could benefit from each other will come into being. Third, the garden which has been formed as the unique area for introducing foreign managing mode as a whole will be made the base for demonstration and using international economic management experience for reference.