The ultra-structure of mother and outer daughter scales of Lilium Oriental hybrid Sorbonne were studied using transmission electron microscope to examine the sub-cellular localization of starch and lipid droplets duri...The ultra-structure of mother and outer daughter scales of Lilium Oriental hybrid Sorbonne were studied using transmission electron microscope to examine the sub-cellular localization of starch and lipid droplets during growth and development from shoot emergence to senescence.The contents of starch granules and lipid droplets in the cell of the mother scales decreased significantly from shoot emergence to anthesis,indicating that these scales served as a source for growth and development.After flowering,the number of starch granules and lipid droplets increased dramatically,and finally the cells were filled with the above molecules indicating that the bulb becomes a major sink during bulb enlargement.Ultrastructure observation also showed that symplastic pathway is the main pathway in cells in the exchange and transportation of material during bulb development.The activity of β-amylase,one of the key enzymes catalyzing starch breakdown,showed a similar trend.The enzyme sub-cellular localization via immune-gold electron-microscopy showed that βamylase was predominantly located together with starch granules,while the gold particles were scarcely found in other sub-cellular compartments.The result suggested that this enzyme is compartmented together with its functional substrate supporting its function in catalyzing starch breakdown in living plant cells.展开更多
The current study investigated correlations between the expression of leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domain 1 （LRIG1） and antioxidant enzymes and related proteins, including manganese superoxide dismut...The current study investigated correlations between the expression of leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domain 1 （LRIG1） and antioxidant enzymes and related proteins, including manganese superoxide dismutase, glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic or regulatory subunit, thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase, in both human ependymoma and oligodendroglioma. Results revealed that the cytoplasmic expression of LRIG1 was associated with expression of glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit in the human ependymoma, while the nuclear expression of LRIG1 was associated with expression of thioredoxin reductase. In human oligodendroglioma, the cytoplasmic expression of LRIG1 was associated with expression of the glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit. Both the nuclear and perinuclear expressions of LRIG1 were associated with expression of glutamate cysteine ligase regulatory subunit. These results indicated that several antioxidant enzymes and related proteins contributed to LRIG1 expression, and that these may participate in the antioxidation of the cells.展开更多
Small molecule drugs play a pivotal role in the arsenal of anticancer pharmacological agents. Nonetheless, their small size poses a challenge when directly visualizing their localization, distribution, mechanism of ac...Small molecule drugs play a pivotal role in the arsenal of anticancer pharmacological agents. Nonetheless, their small size poses a challenge when directly visualizing their localization, distribution, mechanism of action (MOA), and target engagement at the subcellular level in real time. We propose a strategy for developing triple-functioning drug beacons that seamlessly integrate therapeutically relevant bioactivity, precise subcellular localization, and direct visualization capabilities within a single molecular entity. As a proof of concept, we have meticulously designed and constructed a boronic acid fluorescence drug beacon using coumarin–hemicyanine (CHB). Our CHB design includes three pivotal features: a boronic acid moiety that binds both adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), thus depleting their levels and disrupting the energy supply within mitochondria;a positively charged component that targets the drug beacon to mitochondria;and a sizeable conjugated luminophore that emits fluorescence, facilitating the application of structured illumination microscopy (SIM). Our study indicates the exceptional responsiveness of our proof-of-concept drug beacon to ADP and ATP, its efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth, and its ability to facilitate the tracking of ADP and ATP distribution around the mitochondrial cristae. Furthermore, our investigation reveals that the micro-dynamics of CHB induce mitochondrial dysfunction by causing damage to the mitochondrial cristae and mitochondrial DNA. Altogether, our findings highlight the potential of SIM in conjunction with visual drug design as a potent tool for monitoring the in situ MOA of small molecule anticancer compounds. This approach represents a crucial advancement in addressing a current challenge within the field of small molecule drug discovery and validation.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31071815)the National HighTech R&D Program of China(2011AA100208)
文摘The ultra-structure of mother and outer daughter scales of Lilium Oriental hybrid Sorbonne were studied using transmission electron microscope to examine the sub-cellular localization of starch and lipid droplets during growth and development from shoot emergence to senescence.The contents of starch granules and lipid droplets in the cell of the mother scales decreased significantly from shoot emergence to anthesis,indicating that these scales served as a source for growth and development.After flowering,the number of starch granules and lipid droplets increased dramatically,and finally the cells were filled with the above molecules indicating that the bulb becomes a major sink during bulb enlargement.Ultrastructure observation also showed that symplastic pathway is the main pathway in cells in the exchange and transportation of material during bulb development.The activity of β-amylase,one of the key enzymes catalyzing starch breakdown,showed a similar trend.The enzyme sub-cellular localization via immune-gold electron-microscopy showed that βamylase was predominantly located together with starch granules,while the gold particles were scarcely found in other sub-cellular compartments.The result suggested that this enzyme is compartmented together with its functional substrate supporting its function in catalyzing starch breakdown in living plant cells.
基金the Swedish Institute, No. 00287/2006210the North Sweden Cancer Foundation, Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program New Teacher of Higher Education by the Chinese Ministry of Education, No. 200804861039the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30973073, 30973072
文摘The current study investigated correlations between the expression of leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domain 1 （LRIG1） and antioxidant enzymes and related proteins, including manganese superoxide dismutase, glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic or regulatory subunit, thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase, in both human ependymoma and oligodendroglioma. Results revealed that the cytoplasmic expression of LRIG1 was associated with expression of glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit in the human ependymoma, while the nuclear expression of LRIG1 was associated with expression of thioredoxin reductase. In human oligodendroglioma, the cytoplasmic expression of LRIG1 was associated with expression of the glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit. Both the nuclear and perinuclear expressions of LRIG1 were associated with expression of glutamate cysteine ligase regulatory subunit. These results indicated that several antioxidant enzymes and related proteins contributed to LRIG1 expression, and that these may participate in the antioxidation of the cells.
基金This work was financially supported by the Shandong Province Key R&D Program(Major Technological Innovation Project)(2021CXGC010501,China)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22107059,22007060)+5 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021QH057,ZR2022QH304,ZR2020QB166,China)Innovation Team of Shandong Higher School Youth Innovation Technology Program(2021KJ035,China)Taishan Scholars Program(TSQN202211221,China)Shandong Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(ZR2022YQ66,China)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program of China Association for Science and Technology(CACM-2023-QNRC1-02)Academic Promotion Programme of Shandong First Medical University(No.2019LJ003,China)。
文摘Small molecule drugs play a pivotal role in the arsenal of anticancer pharmacological agents. Nonetheless, their small size poses a challenge when directly visualizing their localization, distribution, mechanism of action (MOA), and target engagement at the subcellular level in real time. We propose a strategy for developing triple-functioning drug beacons that seamlessly integrate therapeutically relevant bioactivity, precise subcellular localization, and direct visualization capabilities within a single molecular entity. As a proof of concept, we have meticulously designed and constructed a boronic acid fluorescence drug beacon using coumarin–hemicyanine (CHB). Our CHB design includes three pivotal features: a boronic acid moiety that binds both adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), thus depleting their levels and disrupting the energy supply within mitochondria;a positively charged component that targets the drug beacon to mitochondria;and a sizeable conjugated luminophore that emits fluorescence, facilitating the application of structured illumination microscopy (SIM). Our study indicates the exceptional responsiveness of our proof-of-concept drug beacon to ADP and ATP, its efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth, and its ability to facilitate the tracking of ADP and ATP distribution around the mitochondrial cristae. Furthermore, our investigation reveals that the micro-dynamics of CHB induce mitochondrial dysfunction by causing damage to the mitochondrial cristae and mitochondrial DNA. Altogether, our findings highlight the potential of SIM in conjunction with visual drug design as a potent tool for monitoring the in situ MOA of small molecule anticancer compounds. This approach represents a crucial advancement in addressing a current challenge within the field of small molecule drug discovery and validation.
文摘【目的】分离和克隆葡萄品种‘香悦’Vitis vinifera AGAMOUS(VvAG)、Vitis vinifera APETALA 3(VvAP3)、Vitis vinifera FLOWERING LOCUS C(VvFLC)、Vitis vinifera FRUITFUL(VvFUL)、Vitis vinifera FLOWERING LOCUS T(VvFT)、Vitis vinifera APETALA2(VvAP2)和Vitis vinifera SUPPRESSOR OF OVER EXPRESSION OF CO 1(VvSOC1)7个重要花发育相关基因的ORF序列,并对其进行亚细胞定位与表达分析。【方法】采用特异引物RT-PCR方法克隆基因,并用半定量PCR法研究各基因在不同组织的表达,构建亚细胞定位载体,基因枪转化洋葱表皮细胞,25℃暗培养24 h后激光共聚焦显微镜下观察。【结果】对上述基因在葡萄不同组织器官中的表达水平进行分析发现,它们的表达不存在组织器官的特异性,但有表达强弱差异。其中,VvFT、VvFUL、VvAP3在葡萄幼果中表达量最高,VvAG与VvAP2在花中表达量最高,而VvSOC1与VvFLC在幼叶中表现出最高的表达水平。VvSOC1、VvFT、VvFLC和VvAP2与GFP融合蛋白仅在核内产生绿色荧光,表现出转录因子的典型特点;而VvAG、VvFUL和VvAP3与GFP融合蛋白在细胞质膜和细胞核上均产生绿色荧光信号。【结论】这7个基因与葡萄的花与果实以及营养器官的发育都存在相关性,7个葡萄花发育相关的转录因子都呈现出细胞核内作用的特点,但VvAG、VvFUL和VvAP3也表现出在细胞膜区域定位的现象。
