Subak in Bali is believed to have been existing from earlier than the ninth century. Throughout this long period, Subak has been successfully utilized water resources for irrigation. Subak has been recognized as world...Subak in Bali is believed to have been existing from earlier than the ninth century. Throughout this long period, Subak has been successfully utilized water resources for irrigation. Subak has been recognized as world cultural heritage by UNESCO since 2012. Currently, however, the sustainability of the system and its existence in the future is a big concern. This research is a literature review that aims to identify the challenges and provide option of solutions to sustain the Subak. The study showed that some operational and maintenance aspects of Subak are alarming, such as some network deterioration, limited availability of maintenance facilities either from government or farmers. Despite this condition, religious tradition of Subak is still carried out, although the processions vary from one Subak to another. There are several challenges in regards to Subak conservation: (1) reduction of the Subak area, resulting in declining income to support a decent life; (2) deterioration of quality and quantity of water resources; (3) the age of farmers is above 40 years with a heavy financial burden; (4) there are no clear external regulations to support Subak conservations. This study suggests several strategic steps in keeping the sustainability of Subak. The strategic steps include:refunctioning government officials; providing government support to reduce cost levied to farmers; facilitating collaborations between farmers and other stakeholders; promoting alternative commodities which have a higher financial value; preventing and repairing damages of upstream areas; controlling pollution; forming a coordination board at a provincial, regency and river basin level; building the Subak information systems; providing supervising mechanism, and encouraging academics and students to participate in an effort to preserve Subak itself.展开更多
Positioning is a tool for tourism marketing activities;thus,it directs agritourism management to have a more precise marketing plan and leads the tourism marketing to perform effectively and systematically.Moreover,it...Positioning is a tool for tourism marketing activities;thus,it directs agritourism management to have a more precise marketing plan and leads the tourism marketing to perform effectively and systematically.Moreover,it supports the management to compose a positive marketing plan by using marketing mix,channel,and predicting results precisely.This article analyses the positioning of agritourism products in Community Based Agritourism(CBA)Subak Jatiluwih from visitors’perspective.It examined six variables to create a precise positioning of CBA Subak Jatiluwih namely features,benefits,competitors,users,usages,and products’class.The data gathered through a survey and interview to 125 tourists as respondents who met in the Subak Jatiluwih area during their visit while consuming agritourism products.The result showed that visiting CBA Subak Jatiluwih with motivation for getting recharging and relaxing got in the average scores of 4.48 and 4.49.The scores are almost 5.0 or close to perfect.It means the two parameters on benefits of agritourism products have strong power on CBA Subak Jatiluwih’s positioning.Therefore,the positioning formulation must be“by visiting CBA Subak Jatiluwih,tourists could encourage the inner motivation with relaxing and recharging their selves in the widest rice field teras in Bali”.展开更多
This paper examines how farmers in central Lombok have organized themselves to manage agricultural water colle- ctively and to adapt to seasonally dry conditions. We interviewed eighteen village heads from October to ...This paper examines how farmers in central Lombok have organized themselves to manage agricultural water colle- ctively and to adapt to seasonally dry conditions. We interviewed eighteen village heads from October to December 2006. One of our questions we posed prior to field interviews was what might be the social and technical coping strategies that have allowed farmers to survive the lengthy dry seasons under the high population density of Lombok island. Some examples of organizational structure and practices in Central Lombok are presented. There were several common water management strategies that were revealed from these interviews including: methods of organization, flexible cropping systems, water allocation mechanisms, methods of compromise, alternative payments, and traditional water management practices. The statistical analysis comparing village characteristics and coping strategies suggests a relation between mosque number per village and farmers ability to cope. Farmers have shown their own unique coping strategies in times of water shortages and under decentralization occurring over the past decade. This decentralization involved turning over small scale irrigation systems (under 500 hectares), to the water user associations themselves in order to facilitate more efficient management and maintenance.展开更多
文摘Subak in Bali is believed to have been existing from earlier than the ninth century. Throughout this long period, Subak has been successfully utilized water resources for irrigation. Subak has been recognized as world cultural heritage by UNESCO since 2012. Currently, however, the sustainability of the system and its existence in the future is a big concern. This research is a literature review that aims to identify the challenges and provide option of solutions to sustain the Subak. The study showed that some operational and maintenance aspects of Subak are alarming, such as some network deterioration, limited availability of maintenance facilities either from government or farmers. Despite this condition, religious tradition of Subak is still carried out, although the processions vary from one Subak to another. There are several challenges in regards to Subak conservation: (1) reduction of the Subak area, resulting in declining income to support a decent life; (2) deterioration of quality and quantity of water resources; (3) the age of farmers is above 40 years with a heavy financial burden; (4) there are no clear external regulations to support Subak conservations. This study suggests several strategic steps in keeping the sustainability of Subak. The strategic steps include:refunctioning government officials; providing government support to reduce cost levied to farmers; facilitating collaborations between farmers and other stakeholders; promoting alternative commodities which have a higher financial value; preventing and repairing damages of upstream areas; controlling pollution; forming a coordination board at a provincial, regency and river basin level; building the Subak information systems; providing supervising mechanism, and encouraging academics and students to participate in an effort to preserve Subak itself.
基金Authors would like to extend sincere gratitude to the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy Republic of Indonesiathe Center of Excellence in Tourism,Udayana University for providing financial support of this research.
文摘Positioning is a tool for tourism marketing activities;thus,it directs agritourism management to have a more precise marketing plan and leads the tourism marketing to perform effectively and systematically.Moreover,it supports the management to compose a positive marketing plan by using marketing mix,channel,and predicting results precisely.This article analyses the positioning of agritourism products in Community Based Agritourism(CBA)Subak Jatiluwih from visitors’perspective.It examined six variables to create a precise positioning of CBA Subak Jatiluwih namely features,benefits,competitors,users,usages,and products’class.The data gathered through a survey and interview to 125 tourists as respondents who met in the Subak Jatiluwih area during their visit while consuming agritourism products.The result showed that visiting CBA Subak Jatiluwih with motivation for getting recharging and relaxing got in the average scores of 4.48 and 4.49.The scores are almost 5.0 or close to perfect.It means the two parameters on benefits of agritourism products have strong power on CBA Subak Jatiluwih’s positioning.Therefore,the positioning formulation must be“by visiting CBA Subak Jatiluwih,tourists could encourage the inner motivation with relaxing and recharging their selves in the widest rice field teras in Bali”.
文摘This paper examines how farmers in central Lombok have organized themselves to manage agricultural water colle- ctively and to adapt to seasonally dry conditions. We interviewed eighteen village heads from October to December 2006. One of our questions we posed prior to field interviews was what might be the social and technical coping strategies that have allowed farmers to survive the lengthy dry seasons under the high population density of Lombok island. Some examples of organizational structure and practices in Central Lombok are presented. There were several common water management strategies that were revealed from these interviews including: methods of organization, flexible cropping systems, water allocation mechanisms, methods of compromise, alternative payments, and traditional water management practices. The statistical analysis comparing village characteristics and coping strategies suggests a relation between mosque number per village and farmers ability to cope. Farmers have shown their own unique coping strategies in times of water shortages and under decentralization occurring over the past decade. This decentralization involved turning over small scale irrigation systems (under 500 hectares), to the water user associations themselves in order to facilitate more efficient management and maintenance.
