WORST SUBCARRIER AVOIDING WATER-FILLING SUBCARRIER ALLOCATION SCHEME FOR OFDM-BASED CRN

Efficient and reliable subcarrier power joint allocation is served as a promising problem in cognitive OFDM-based Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN). This paper focuses on optimal subcarrier allocation for OFDM-based CRN. We mainly propose subcarrier allocation scheme denoted as Worst Subcarrier Avoiding Water-filling (WSAW), which is based on Rate Adaptive (RA) criterion and three constraints are considered in CRN. The algorithm divides the assignment procedure into two phases. The first phase is an initial subcarrier allocation based on the idea of avoiding selecting the worst subcarrier in order to maximize the transmission rate; while the second phase is an iterative adjustment process which is realized by swapping pairs of subcarriers between arbitrary users. The proposed scheme could assign subcarriers in accordance with channel coherence time. Hence, real time subcarrier allocation could be implemented. Simulation results show that, comparing with the similar existing algorithms, the proposed scheme could achieve larger capacity and a near-optimal BER performance.

Joint Subcarrier and Power Allocation for Multi-UAV Systems

This paper investigates subcarrier and power allocation in a multi-UAV OFDM system.The study considers a practical scenario,where certain subcarriers are unavailable for dynamic subcarrier allocation,on account of pre-allocation for burst transmissions.We first propose a novel iterative algorithm to jointly optimize subcarrier and power allocation,so as to maximize the sum rate of the uplink transmission in the multiUAV OFDM system.The key idea behind our solution is converting the nontrivial allocation problem into a weighted mean square error(MSE) problem.By this means,the allocation problem can be solved by the alternating optimization method.Besides,aiming at a lower-complexity solution,we propose a heuristic allocation scheme,where subcarrier allocation and transmit power allocation are separately optimized.In the heuristic scheme,closedform solution can be obtained for power allocation.Simulation results demonstrate that in the presence of stretched subcarrier resource,the proposed iterative joint optimization algorithm can significantly outperform the heuristic scheme,offering a higher sum rate.

Target estimation using MIMO radar with multiple subcarriers

This paper analyzes the effect of waveform parame- ters on the joint target location and velocity estimation by a non- coherent multiple input multiple output （MIMO） radar transmitting multiple subcarriers signals. How the number of subcarriers in- fluences the estimation accuracy is illustrated by considering the joint Cramer-Rao bound and the mean square error of the maxi- mum likelihood estimate. The non-coherent MIMO radar ambiguity function with multiple subcarriers is developed and investigated by changing the number of subcarriers, the pulse width and the frequency spacing between adjacent subcarriers. The numerical results show that more subcarriers mean more accurate estimates, higher localization resolution, and larger pulse width results in a worse performance of target location estimation, while the fre- quency spacing affects target location estimation little.

Resource Allocation Based on User Pairing and Subcarrier Matching for Downlink Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Networks

The traditional orthogonal multiple access(OMA)is unable to satisfy the needs of large number of smart devices.To increase the transmission rate in the limited spectrum resource,implementation of both non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)and successive interference cancelation(SIC)is essential.In this paper,an optimal resource allocation algorithm in NOMA is proposed to maximize the total system rate in a multi-sector multi-subcarrier relay-assisted communication network.Since the original problem is a non-convex problem with mixed integer programming which is non-deterministic polynomial-time(NP)-hard,a three-step solution is proposed to solve the primal problem.Firstly,we determine the optimal power allocation of the outer users by using the approach of monotonic discrimination,and then the optimal user pairing is determined.Secondly,the successive convex approximation(SCA)method is introduced to transform the non-convex problem involving central users into convex one,and the Lagrangian dual method is used to determine the optimal solution.Finally,the standard Hungarian algorithm is utilized to determine the optimal subcarrier matching.The simulation results show that resource allocation algorithm is able to meet the user performance requirements with NOMA,and the total system rate is improved compared to the existing algorithms.

Cooperative Subcarrier Sensing Using Antenna Diversity Based Weighted Virtual Sub Clustering

The idea of cooperation and the clustering amongst cognitive radios(CRs) has recently been focus of attention of research community, owing to its potential to improve performance of spectrum sensing(SS) schemes. This focus has led to the paradigm of cluster based cooperative spectrum sensing(CBCSS). In perspective of high date rate 4th generation wireless systems, which are characterized by orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) and spatial diversity, there is a need to devise effective SS strategies. A novel CBCSS scheme is proposed for OFDM subcarrier detection in order to enable the non-contiguous OFDM(NC-OFDM) at the physical layer of CRs for efficient utilization of spectrum holes. Proposed scheme is based on the energy detection in MIMO CR network, using equal gain combiner as diversity combining technique, hard combining(AND, OR and Majority) rule as data fusion technique and antenna diversity based weighted clustering as virtual sub clustering algorithm. Results of proposed CBCSS are compared with conventional CBCSS scheme for AND, OR and Majority data fusion rules. Moreover the effects of antenna diversity, cooperation and cooperating clusters are also discussed.

Pilot Placement for Time-Varying MIMO OFDM Channels with Virtual Subcarriers

The rapid time-variation of a fading multipath environment can impair the performance of multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO OFDM). This paper proposes a pilot placement method for MIMO OFDM systems under time-varying channels with the guard band. The time-varying channel is described by complex exponential basis expansion model (BEM). We discuss the least square (LS) channel estimation to obtain the minimum mean square error (MSE) and derive the pilot allocation that can satisfy the minimum MSE with regard to guard band in time-varying channels. It is shown that optimal pilot clusters can distribute non-uniformly in frequency domain and minimize the MSE. We generalize our scheme over G OFDM symbols and compare it with comb pilots. It is demonstrated that the proposed approach is more effective than previous work. Simulation results validate our theoretical analysis.

Low complexity hybrid power distribution combined with subcarrier allocation algorithm for OFDMA

To improve the total throughput of the uplink orthogonal frequency division multiple access system,a low complexity hybrid power distribution（HPD） combined with subcarrier allocation scheme is proposed.For the fairness mechanism for the subcarrier,the inter-cell interference is first analyzed to calculate the capacity of the multi-cell.The user selects the subcarrier with the largest channel gain.Based on the above subcarrier allocation scheme,a new kind of HPD scheme is proposed,which adopts the waterfilling-power-distributed scheme and the equal-power-distributed scheme in the cell-boundary and the cellcenter,respectively.Simulation results show that compared with the waterfilling-power-distributed scheme in the whole cell,the proposed HPD scheme decreases the system complexity significantly,meanwhile its capacity is 2% higher than that of the equal-powerdistributed scheme over the same subcarrier allocation.

Adaptive subcarrier allocation for MIMO-OFDMA wireless systems using Hungarian method

MIMO-OFDMA is a promising technique for future broadband wireless communication systems. In this paper, the problem of allocating subcarriers among different users to maximize the total capacity is addressed. The optimal solution can be obtained by Hungarian method is proved, using two utility matrices, i.e. the Frobenius-norm matrix and the determinant matrix. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve higher capacity than the existing algorithms, and it is globally optimal and easy to be implemented.

Seawater Short-Range Electromagnetic Wave Communication Method Based on OFDM Subcarrier Allocation

Aiming at the problems of underwater acoustic communication such as narrowband, low speed and multipath effect, this paper studies the high-speed communication technology of electromagnetic wave in short distance at sea. The channel model of seawater electromagnetic wave is given, and the performance of different modulation modes in this channel is analyzed. A meth-od of seawater short-range high-speed electromagnetic wave communication based on OFDM is proposed. In order to reduce the BER of the system, a method of allocating different modulation modes to subcarriers in seawater channel is introduced, which combines frequency domain equalization. This method has low complexity, improves the utilization of frequency band, and improves the reliability. It can realize high-speed and reliable communication in short distance in seawater.

Subcarrier Intensity Modulated Optical Wireless Communications:A Survey from Communication Theory Perspective

Subcarrier intensity modulation with direet detection is a modulatiou/detection technique tbr optical wireless communication systems, where a pre-modulated and properly biased radio frequency signal is modulated on the intensity of the optical carrier. The most important benefits of subcarrier intensity modulation are as follows： 1） it does not provide irreducible error floor like the conventional on-off keying intensity modulation with a fixed detection threshold; 2） it provides improved spectral efficiency and supports higher order modulation schemes; and 3） it has much less implementation complexity compared to coherent optical wireless communications with heterodyne or homodyne detection. In this paper, we present an up-to-date review of subcarrier intensity modulated optical wireless communication systems. We survey the error rate and outage performance of subcarrier intensity modulations in the atmospheric turbulence channels considering different modulation and coding schemes. We also explore different contemporary atmospheric turbulence fading mitigation solutions that can be employed for subcarrier intensity modulation. These solutions include diversity combining, adaptive transmission, relay assisted transmission, multiple-subcarrier intensity modulations, and optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. Moreover, we review the performance of subcarrier intensity modulations due to the pointing error and synchronization error.

Subcarrier Availability in Downlink OFDM Systems with Imperfect Carrier Synchronization in Deep Fading Noisy Doppler Channels

Multicarrier systems such as orthogonal frequency division (OFDM) are considered as a promising candidate for wireless networks that support high data rate communication. In this article, we investigate the perform-ance of a multiuser OFDM system under imperfect synchronization. Analytical results indicate that the SNR degrades as the average power of the channel impairments such as AWGN, carrier frequency offset due to Doppler frequency and fading gain is increased. The SNR degradation leads to imperfect synchronization and hence decreases the total number of subcarriers available for allocation. Monte Carlo analysis shows up to 22% loss in the number of allocatable subcarriers can be expected under a specific imperfect synchroniza-tion condition as compared to perfect synchronization. We utilize empirical modelling to characterize the available number of subcarriers as a Poisson random variable. In addition, we determine the percentage de-crease in the total number of allocatable subcarriers under varying channel parameters. The results indicate 19% decrease in the number of available subcarriers as average AWGN power is increased by 10dB;44% decrease as the Doppler frequency is varied from 10Hz to 100Hz;and 56% decrease as the fading gain is varied from 0dB to -30dB.

Genetic Algorithm Based QoS Aware Adaptive Subcarrier Allocation in Cognitive Radio Networks

In this paper, an adaptive subcarrier allocation scheme with reconfiguration of operating parameters for Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN) is presented. A QoS-conscious spectrum decision frame work is projected, where spectrum bands are determined by considering the application requirements as well as the dynamic nature of the spectrum bands. The novel subcarrier allocation algorithm is developed to fulfill different performance objective as a solution for subcarrier allocation and power allocation problem for Cognitive Radio (CR) users in CRNs. It employs operating frequency parameter modification using Proportional Resource Algorithm and Genetic Algorithm (GA). The multi objective optimization problem with equality and inequality constraint is considered. Moreover, a dynamic subcarrier allocations scheme is developed based on GA to decide on the spectrum bands adaptively dependent on the time-varying CR network capacity. The proposed algorithm targets to achieve maximum data rate for each subcarrier, maximize the overall network throughput and maximize the number of satisfied user under the constraints of bandwidth and guarantee Quality of Service (QoS) requirement from dynamic spectrum management (DSM) perspective. Moreover, it determines the best available channel.

Analytical Solution and Numerical Simulation of Real-Time Dispersion Monitoring Using Tone Subcarrier

A method for online dispersion monitoring by adding a single in-band subcarrier tone isintroduced.According to the theoretical analysis,the dispersion monitor and measurement range aredetermined by the specific frequency of the subcarrier tone.By using simulation tools,figures aboutrelationship between power of subcarrier tone and transmission distance in ideal condition are shown.

A statistical sensing method by utilizing Wi-Fi CSI subcarriers:Empirical study and performance enhancement

In modern Wi-Fi systems,channel state information(CSI)serves as a foundational support for various sensing applications.Currently,existing CSI-based techniques exhibit limitations in terms of environmental adaptability.As such,optimizing the utilization of subcarrier CSI stands as a critical avenue for enhancing sensing performance.Within the OFDM communication framework,this work derives sensing outcomes for both detection and estimation by harnessing the CSI from every individual measured subcarrier,subsequently consolidating these outcomes.When contrasted against results derived from CSI based on specific extraction protocols or those obtained through weighted summation,the methodology introduced in this study offers substantial improvements in CSI-based detection and estimation performance.This approach not only underscores the significance but also serves as a robust exemplar for the comprehensive application of CSI.

OCT-based partial data-carrying subcarriers precoding and ISFA-enabled DMT-VLC system

To overcome the unbalanced signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)among data-carrying subcarriers(SCs)induced by the imperfect frequency response of optoelectronic devices and various interferences,a channel-independent partial data-carrying SCs precoding(PDSP)method based on orthogonal circular matrix transform(OCT)is proposed and experimentally investigated in an intra-symbol frequency average(ISFA)-enabled discrete multi-tone(DMT)visible light communication(VLC)system.After transmission over 1.9 m free space,at the optimal bias current of 100 mA,the experimental results show that the bit error ratio(BER)performance can be improved by up to an order of magnitude with conventional full data-carrying SCs precoding(FDSP)and PDSP scheme,compared to that without a precoding scheme.Moreover,the BER performance can further be enhanced when the ISFA algorithm with optimal taps is employed.Compared with the FDSP scheme,the proposed PDSP scheme owns a similar BER performance and a significant reduction in required multiplication and addition operations,and it may be a good option to efficiently combat the unbalanced impairments of DMT-VLC transmission systems.

Multiuser subcarriers and bit allocation combining adaptive mapping for SC-FDMA system

In this article, a multiuser single carrier frequency division multiple access （SC-FDMA） system is considered, based on which an adaptive subcarrier and bit allocation algorithm is investigated. The algorithm has been used to achieve a subcarrier mapping mode in this system, which combines the advantages of single- and multi-carrier transmissions, such as, low peak to average power ratio, orthogonality of signals of different users, and low complexity. Simulation results show that it has a similar performance as that of the adaptive allocation algorithm in the orthogonal frequency division multiple （OFDM） system and the proposed mapping mode has a performance gain over the two existing mapping modes at the link level.

Simplified adaptively modulated optical OFDM modems using subcarrier modulation with added input/output reconfigurability

Three novel designs of adaptively modulated optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modems using subcarrier modulation （AMOOFDM-SCM） are proposed, for the first time, each of which requires a single inverse fast Fourier transform/fast Fourier transform （IFFT/FFT） operation. These designs not only significantly simplify the AMOOFDM-SCM modem configurations, but also offer extra unique network features such as input/ output reconfigurability. Investigations show that these three modems are capable of supporting more than 60 Gb/s AMOOFDM-SCM signal transmission over 20, 40 and 60 km single mode fibre （SMF）-based intensity modulation and direct detection （IMDD） transmission links without optical amplification and chromatic dispersion compensation.

Performance of OFDM AF relay system with subcarrier mapping in the presence of carrier frequency offsets

This article deals with the performance analysis of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing（OFDM） amplify-and-forward（AF） relay system with subcarrier mapping（SCM） in the presence of carrier frequency offset（CFO）. Although SCM in an OFDM system has been investigated extensively, nevertheless, the bit error rate（BER） of the system with CFO is not yet available in the literature. This paper presents the BER analysis of a dual hop OFDM AF relay system with ordered subcarrier paring schemes, i.e., best-to-worst（BTW） SCM and best-to-best（BTB） SCM. Accurate close-form expressions are derived for end-to-end BER while considering a dual-hop fixed gain AF relaying system with CFO in Rayleigh fading channel. To provide more insights, their closed-form asymptotic expressions are then obtained. It is shown that the presence of CFO causes the BER of system maintain a fixed level even while signal-to noise ratio（SNR） is in high regime. The simulation results verify that the derived average BER expressions are accurate in Rayleigh fading channel.

Subcarrier assignment considering path loss for multiuser OFDM systems with proportional fairness

This article studies downlink subcarrier assignment problem to maximize rate-sum capacity subject to total power and proportional rate constraints in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） systems. Previous algorithms assume that the initial power is equally distributed over all subcarriers. The presence of path loss makes the assumption not correct any more. This article proposes a novel subcarrier assignment algorithm which makes full use of path loss and rate proportionality information to improve rate-sum capacity. The proposed algorithm determines optimal initial power allocation according to path losses and rate proportionalities of different users, assigns subcarriers to users in a greedy fashion, and then exchanges subcarfiers between users to obtain fairer rate distribution. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm approximately achieves double the capacity of static assignment schemes, such as fixed frequency band approach, and obtains better performance than previous subcarrier assignment algorithms in the presence of different path losses and proportional rate requirements..

Deepen spectrum notch and reduce PAPR in OFDM systems via combining subcarriers precoding with tone reservation

In orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） systems, spectrum notch can be generated to mitigate interference to other narrow-band services by turning off corresponding subcarriers. However, the inter-carrier interference may limit considerably the produced notch depth. Another problem in OFDM is the high peak-to-average power ratio （PAPR）. In this paper, a technique combining subcarriers precoding with tone reservation is proposed to deepen spectrum notch and simultaneously reduce peak-to-average power ratio. Simulation results show that this presented joint algorithm can produce satisfied results to solve these problems at the expense of a moderate loss in bit error rate （BER） performance.