6 Kinds of Isozymes after Long-term Subculture of Emmenopterys henryi Oliv.

[Objective] The aim was to study the changes of zymography in 6 kinds of isozymes after long-term subculture of Emmenopterys henryi Oliv.. [Method] Non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to analyze isozyme patterns such as esterase (EST),acid phosphatase (ACP),ATP enzyme (ATPase),amylase (AMY),superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in long-term subculture callus of Emmenopterys henryi Oliv. [Result] The research showed that there were differences among the 6 kinds of isozymes in embryogenic callus and non-embryogenic callus of Emmenopterys henryi Oliv.,and both levels could be taken as the basis for identification,the EST,ACP,and POD of non-embryogenic callus were significantly higher than embryogenic callus. The browning of non-embryogenic callus was non-level in the AMY,SOD and POD isozymes when was compared with normal non-embryogenic callus,while the EST,ACP and ATPase isozymes decreased; When the browning of embryogenic callus was contrasted with normal embryogenic callus,EST isozyme increased and the other 5 kinds of enzymes decreased. [Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for research morphological difference and browning of long-term tissue culture of Emmenopterys henryi Oliv..

Effects of in vitro subculture on the physiological characteristics of adventitious root formation in microshoots of Castanea mollissima cv.'yanshanhong'

Microshoots of Castanea mollissima cv.＇yanshanhong＇ in vitro acquired an enhanced rooting capability with increasing numbers of subculture.In this study,we investigated the effect of successive subculture on adventitious root formation in vitro by the determination of the endogenous hormone level and the enzyme activity.The levels of indoleacetic acid（IAA）,abscisic acid（ABA）,cytokinins（CTK） and gibberellic acid（GA3） were determined by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）,and the activities of indoleacetic acid oxidase（IAAO）,peroxidase oxidase（POD）,and polyphenol oxidase（PPO） were measured by ultraviolet-spectrophotometer assay after the induction of rooting at 2nd,4th,6th and 8th subculture.The relationships between physiological characteristics and subculture numbers or rooting rate were as follows：The levels of endogenous IAA in microshoots gradually increased,and endogenous levels of ABA,CTK and GA3 in microshoots decreased slightly after serial subcultures.The level of IAA was highly correlated with subculture numbers and rooting rates.The ratios of IAA/ABA and IAA/CTK both acutely raised with increasing rooting rate during successive subcultures and had high correlations with rooting rate.The activity of IAAO and POD are significantly negatively related with subculture numbers,and the activity of PPO increased after subcultures.

Cultures and Subcultures

A cross-cultural analysis of an extract of the book Lost in Translation is provided in the essay. Definitions of culture and subculture are discussed and different theories from Hofstede and Schwartz are referred to in order to validate the analysis.

The Analysis on the Influence of Amarican Subculture upon American College Slang

The thesis is just trying to analyze American college slang from sub-cultural perspective on the basis of combining linguistic knowledge,the knowledge of American slang and American college slang with the knowledge of subculture,which is helpful for English learners to learn American English better.

A Study of the Subculture of Human Endothelial Cell From Umbilical Vein

Human endothelial cells derived from umbilical vein could besubcultured and survive 25 passage (double time 20～25 hours, 60～75 cumula-tive population doublings). An observation was performed with light mi-croscopy, electron microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy using specificantiserum against factor Ⅷrelated antigen. It identified that the cultured cellswere endothelial cells. Medium RPMI-1640 supplemented with 20% humanserum, endothelial cell growth factor 200μg/ml, heparin 100μg/ml and gelatincoated flasks were very important conditions for long-term culture of humanendothelial cell.

Long-term in-vitro culture and subculture of the hemocytes of swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus

Crab cell line,especially continuous crab cell line,can provide us a useful tool for studies on the virology,immunology,and molecular biology of crabs.However,no continuous crab cell line has been available due to the lacking of suitable medium and the occurrence of mitosis-arrest.In this study,long-term in vitro culture conditions for both two-(2D)and three-dimensions(3D)were successfully developed for the circulating hemocytes of swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus,designated as PTH cells.In 2D culture,a novel crab basic medium in osmolarity of 990–1100 mOsm/kg was optimized for the first time,which is different from Leibovitz's L-15 medium in mainly the components of amino acids,containing double strengths of the contents of free amino acid mixture in the crab serum.Then an optimal crab growth medium was developed by supplementing 5%fetal bovine serum,50-g/L yeast extract powder,20-μg/L basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor into the optimal crab basic medium,and found that it could support a long-term survival of PTH cells in a healthy monolayer up to 347 days and partially break through the mitosis-arrest of crab cells evidenced by the obvious increase of proliferating potential detected in the 10-d primarily cultured PTH cells.These 2D cultured PTH cells could be successfully sub-cultured for 11 times by physical flushing method and well cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen.In 3D culture,using the same crab growth medium,the PTH cell aggregates could be easily formed and healthily maintained on the surface of solidified Matrigel or in the ultra-low-attachment plate with a survival rate of 50%–60%on Day 103.This work largely improved the primary culture and subculture of crab cells and will facilitate the establishment of continuous crab cell line.

Discursive Strategies of Contemporary Subcultures in the Global Context

Since the 20th century, the subculture, once a marginal cultural phenomenon, has been transformed into a global post-subculture. In this process, subcultural groups have undergone profound changes in multiple aspects. Hybridity, openness, and dissolution of depth become the keywords to understand youth subcultures. This paper is attempted to explore its discursive changes in comptemporary subcultures. By describing and interpreting the most popular subcultural discourse--hip-hop discourse, it is found that counter language often used in the subcultural discourse has been weakened and new strategies, such as code switching and semiotic games arise. The paper argues that with the transition of discursive strategies, subcultural groups attempt to weave the network of the global subcultures and create an interactive discursive space for global youth.

The Potential of Subculture Helicoverpa armigera Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus as an Alternate Synthetic Insecticides to Control Insect Pests in Cabbages Plantation （Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.）

Subculture Helicoverpa armigera nuclear polyhedrosis virus （HaNPV） is an entomopathogenic virus isolated from cadaver of Helicoverpa armigera larvae, and is successfully produced in Spodoptera litura larvae as an alternate host. These viral agents have been used to control the population of three species insect pests Spodoptera litura, Crocidolomia pavonana and Plutella xyllostella, which were infested in cabbages plantation. The concentration of virus of 4 × 10^7 polyhedra/mL was sprayed in cabbage leaves 24 h before infested of larva and every four days after. The research used randomized design which consisted of one factor （three species of second instar larvae, S. litura, C. pavonana, P. xyllostella） and eight replications. The result showed that the three species of larvae were sensitive against subculture HaNPV infection. The mortality of each larval species （S. litura, C. pavonana and P. xyllostella） was 100%, 97.5% and 98.7%, respectively. Subculture HaNPV can be utilized to control the population of three species of insect pests in cabbage plantation.

The Anime Subculture and Socialist Core Value System

The rise of the anirne subculture assembles the huge youth groups in the construction of the socialist core value system, and provides a new carrier and injected into the innovative dynamic. At the same time, their perverse behavior and exaggerated style of dress and the strange language constitute the alienation and challenges of a core value system. It should strengthen the ideological review and classification management, with the criticism of the mainstream media to enhance the vigilance of the community, as well as through commercial activities to digest rebel style, which is the effective way to promote the core value system.

Youth’s Attitude Formation in Youth Popular Music1 Subculture in China

This study was intended to analyze the youth’s attitude formation in youth popular music subculture of youth in China.One of the most universal and mysterious human activities is music.In Western industrialized nations,systematic instruction in harmony,counterpoint,rhythmic structure,composition,improvisation,and ear training is used to enhance the skill of musicianship.This course provides professional musicians with a variety of useful abilities that they may apply in their day-to-day work.There are various disciplines that are necessary to understand how music impacts human life,from cultural studies to political economics to sociology to psychology to acoustics.This study will use descriptive regressional method as its design and methodology.Descriptive research describes the phenomenon,condition,and situation.Various genres of youth popular music were found to be preferred by Chinese youth in their everyday lives,as well as the link between their idols and their musical education and their views about learning youth popular music in school.

On the Influence of the Micro- communication Environment upon the Youth Subculture

The micro-communication era has already come,which has great influence upon the formation and existing environment of the youth subculture.The cultural identification of the youth becomes stronger and stronger.It is more and more convenient to participate in the cultural communication,so the network consensus which stands for the will of the people forms and pushes forward from the cultural edge to the communication center.Thus,the subculture transformation of the micro-time finishes.In addition,by the convenience of micro-communication on the Internet,the youth carry forward the cultural feedback to the adult society from bottom to top,promoting the bilateral interaction of cultural inheritance.Despite this,we shall pay attention to the declining of the authority of the mainstream culture in the Internet micro-time and the negative effects of the subculture against the background of the ascending of the authority of the youth subculture.

Contemporary Youth Subcultures： The CDA Approach

In recent years, the cultural studies began to take a linguistic turn. This paper employed the three-dimensioned model of Fairclough, a critical discourse analysis （CDA） approach to explore youth subcultures. The cultural discourse of youth in different periods was examined in terms of discursive strategies, discursive practices, and social practices. The analysis shows that the subcultural groups adopt various discursive strategies to resist mainstream ideologies and construct the subcultural ideology and their collective identity. Meanwhile, their discursive practices build effective interaction mode within the subcultural groups. The examples of subcultures reveal that subcultures often emerge in the time of the social and cultural change and reshape the mainstream ideologies and unreasonable social structure.

青年亚文化流行语的观察及审思

躺平、摆烂等展现青年精神状态的亚文化流行语风格相似且接续流行多年,对这一现象进行历时性思考,有助于深入探寻社会变迁背景下青年心理的时代特征。立足社会生态系统理论,运用深度访谈法进行分析后发现:流行语接续流行之原因可提炼为三种“非常之势”,分别是非主流的话语生产、非自觉的自我和解、非传统的自我表达。整体而言,这是社会生态系统中“宏系统”与“历时系统”共同作用的结果,二者分别侧重空间与时间因素。宏系统主要产生文化方面的影响,包括精神文化(具有反常特质的亚文化接续实践)与制度文化(加速时代的结构性困境);历时系统的影响则指向社会变迁(中国式现代化之进程)。流行语之共性及其折射出的青年心理并非既有研究普遍认为的“颓丧”,而是具有戏谑夸张意味的“松弛感”,这源于当代青年自我建构的积极变化,是中国式现代化在人格发展上的生动表达。文章主张以“时空双维”之视角观照亚文化、解析“真青年”,一定程度上丰富了亚文化的研究范式。

The Influence of Social Media on Contemporary Subcultural Groups in China： The Case of BL Fandom

Social media has become the infrastructure of contemporary virtual life and greatly influenced the landscapes of the modern culture. By tracking the development of a local subculture in China-BL fandom and analyzing BL fandom on social media, this research argues that social media empowers the subcultural groups and makes the cultural expression of BL fans heard. Meanwhile, the social relationship of online subcultural groups shows the tendency of decentralization and conglomeration, which is typical of social network services. In the interaction between fujoshies through social media, the subcultural groups also develop a collective identity resistant against the mainstream society. The rise of social media leads the contemporary subcultures to a new stage.

青年“低欲望躺平”:全球图景、影响因素与引导策略

在全球图景下,以“躺平”为代表的青年低欲望现象已成为世界各国共同面临的难题。文章聚焦美国、英国、日本、韩国、巴西、印度、南非等国的青年低欲望现象,展现了世界各国的差异化表现,并剖析其产生原因。研究指出,全球青年低欲望现象的形成受到外源性因素和内源性因素的影响。其中,外源性因素包括经济下行时期青年就业困难,宗教信仰和社会文化中的男权色彩,以及社会舆论对“躺平”的负面评价;内源性因素包括与青年关系紧密的初级群体的基础素养,以及青年对教育体系和社会现状的不满,而且部分青年的低欲望表现已成为他们抵御社会异化的另类方式。研究提出,面对这一全球普遍存在的社会现象,我们既要承认青年低欲望现象的合理性,营造宽松和谐的社会环境,也要通过政府、媒体、家庭和个人的多方联动,加强青年社交情感发展和能力培养,帮助青年从“躺平”中站起来。

亚文化景观下当代青年城市漫游的实践逻辑

在现代社会快节奏的不断挤压下,当代青年尝试在旅游空间中寻求自我安置,完成自我建构。从“特种兵式旅行”到“城市漫游”,青年旅行方式的演变为研究青年亚文化景观提供了独特视角。聚焦热衷城市漫游的当代青年,通过参与式观察和半结构式访谈的研究方法深入探寻当代青年参与城市漫游的行为逻辑及深层文化动机后发现:在媒介仪式的刺激下,空间嵌入的身体感知、时间禁锢的日常生活、内卷焦虑的无处安放与消费社会的理性需求是亚文化景观下当代青年城市漫游的主要动因。当代青年从快节奏的旅游方式到慢节奏城市漫游的亚文化转向,是其抽身繁复现实、回归本真生活的理性抒发。

青年网络圈层亚文化:典型特征、潜在风险和引导对策

网络圈层亚文化是当下备受青年追捧的网络亚文化,其具有文化划分的精细性、文化生产的参与性、文化产品的消费性、文化权力的流动性四种典型特征。网络圈层亚文化满足了青年独特的情感体验和文化需求,但也需要警惕其产生的文化交流隔阂、文化内容功利、文化消费迷乱、文化话语扩散等风险。为此,应通过搭建网络圈层亚文化与主流文化互动沟通机制、培养理性的网络圈层亚文化生产观、净化网络圈层亚文化消费生态环境、夯实主流价值观的网络圈层阵地等对策来引导青年网络圈层亚文化良性发展。

祛魅与重构:劳动观视域下青年“躺平主义”群像特征、缘由探赜及疏解之道

为有效遏制青年劳动观偏差所造成的负面影响,助推“躺平青年”变身“奋斗青年”,以劳动观为视角勾勒了青年犬儒式“躺平”、仪式型“躺平”、无奈式“躺平”和调侃式“躺平”等不同类型“躺平主义”的群像特征及其内在原因;阐述了劳动目的的物化、劳动动力的弱化和劳动体验的异化是“躺平主义”生成的根源,“躺平主义”展演了当代青年的唯利是求、无欲无求和求之无味现象。疗愈青年“躺平”之“疾”,需要主体意识、网络体验、社会运行、劳动教育四个维度协同联动,以期共同安顿青年心灵秩序,重建人生意义,打造青年昂扬挺立之幸福人生。

网络烂梗的泛起逻辑、危害及纠治之道

网络烂梗是互联网时代催生的文化糟粕,对广大人民特别是青少年的精神世界造成了潜移默化的巨大影响。网络烂梗的泛起是资本逻辑的宰制、网络媒介的狂欢、多股社会思潮的联动渲染和社会心理的极化共同作用的结果。网络烂梗给国家、社会和个人造成了多重危害,包括混淆历史认知,消解经典文化;遮蔽主流价值,价值取向错位;践踏道德底线,违背公序良俗;语言表达失范,文化素养匮乏。对此,必须以敢于亮剑的斗争精神揭露网络烂梗弊病,以猛药去疴的严格治理打压网络烂梗势头,以先进文化的浸润滋养净化网络文化环境,以情理交融的思想引导唤醒网络烂梗麻醉,进而及时有效地治理网络烂梗乱象,建设风清气正的网络空间,为青少年成长营造良好的网络氛围。

网络互喷群:青年群体语言越轨行为的“在轨”认同构建

网络互喷群是在百度贴吧、微信群等社交平台中以“网络喷子”为主要成员,互喷、对喷为互动方式,具有特定群体规范与群体文化特征的网络社群。网络互喷群中的成员在社群互动中形成了对语言越轨行为合理化、日常化的群体认同。通过对自我作为“网络喷子”群体中“他者”存在的优越性认同构建,网络互喷群成员从身份层面合理化了其进行语言越轨的行动叙事,“喷”成为一种实现自我展演、身份区隔的方式;网络互喷群内游戏化的“对喷”互动削弱了谩骂行为的暴力属性与道德层面的失范感,强化了群体成员身份的归属感与认同感;社群空间中对“喷”作为群体秩序和等级标准的规则构建,使得“喷”进一步由一种反常的越轨行为转化为社群成员日常化的交流方式和一种在网络空间中的存在方式。这种群体语言越轨行为的背后体现了社会性的情绪宣泄与戾气疏导问题。