Subcutaneous fat thickness and abdominal depth are risk factors for surgical site infection after gastric cancer surgery

BACKGROUND Surgical site infection(SSI)is one of the most common complications after gastric cancer(GC)surgery.The occurrence of SSI can lead to a prolonged postoperative hospital stay and increased medical expenses,and it can also affect postoperative rehabilitation and the quality of life of patients.Subcutaneous fat thickness(SFT)and abdominal depth(AD)can be used as predictors of SSI in patients undergoing radical resection of GC.AIM To explore the potential relationship between SFT or AD and SSI in patients undergoing elective radical resection of GC.METHODS Demographic,clinical,and pre-and intraoperative information of 355 patients who had undergone elective radical resection of GC were retrospectively collected from hospital electronic medical records.Univariate analysis was performed to screen out the significant parameters,which were subsequently analyzed using binary logistic regression and receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis.RESULTS The prevalence of SSI was 11.27%(40/355).Multivariate analyses revealed that SFT[odds ratio(OR)=1.150;95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.090-1.214;P<0.001],AD(OR=1.024;95%CI:1.009-1.040;P=0.002),laparoscopic-assisted surgery(OR=0.286;95%CI:0.030-0.797;P=0.017),and operation time(OR=1.008;95%CI:1.001-1.015;P=0.030)were independently associated with the incidence of SSI after elective radical resection of GC.In addition,the product of SFT and AD was a better potential predictor of SSI in these patients than either SFT or AD alone.CONCLUSION SFT and AD are independent risk factors and can be used as predictors of SSI in patients undergoing radical resection of GC.

Transcriptome analysis reveals steroid hormones biosynthesis pathway involved in abdominal fat deposition in broilers

Excessive abdominal fat deposition reduces the feed efficiency and increase the cost of production in broilers.Therefore,it is an important task for poultry breeders to breed broilers with low abdominal fat.Abdominal fat deposition is a highly complex biological process,and its molecular basis remains elusive.In this study,we performed transcriptome analysis to compare gene expression profiles at different stages of abdominal fat deposition to identify the key genes and pathways involved in abdominal fat accumulation.We found that abdominal fat weight(AFW)increased gradually from day 35(D35)to 91(D91),and then decreased at day 119(D119).Accordingly,after detecting differentially expressed genes(DEGs)by comparing gene expression profiles at D35 vs.D63 and D35 vs.D91,and identifying gene modules associated with fat deposition by weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA),we performed intersection analysis of the detected DEGs and WGCNA gene modules and identified 394 and 435 intersecting genes,respectively.The results of the Gene Ontology(GO)functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analyses showed that the steroid hormone biosynthesis and insulin signaling pathways were co-enriched in all intersecting genes,steroid hormones have been shown that regulated insulin signaling pathway,indicating the importance of the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway in the development of broiler abdominal fat.We then identified 6 hub genes(ACTB,SOX9,RHOBTB2,PDLIM3,NEDD9,and DOCK4)related to abdominal fat deposition.Further analysis also revealed that there were direct interactions between 6 hub genes.SOX9 has been shown to bind to proteins required for steroid hormone receptor binding,and RHOBTB2 indirectly regulates the steroid hormones biosynthesis through cyclin factor,and ultimately affect fat deposition.Our results suggest that the genes RHOBTB2 and SOX9 play an important role in fat deposition in broilers,by regulating steroid hormone synthesis.These findings provide new targets and directions for further studies on the mechanisms of fat deposition in chicken.

Analysis of the Correlation Between Visceral Fat Area and Insulin Resistance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Abdominal Obesity

Objective: To analyze the correlation between visceral fat area and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and abdominal obesity and to provide a reference for screening and related research of such patients. Methods: Two hundred patients with T2DM admitted to Guandu People’s Hospital of Kunming were included. The study was carried out from October 2022 to December 2023. The patients were divided into three groups according to different abdominal visceral fat areas (VFA): Group A (n = 65) was less than 75cm2, Group B (n = 75) was 75-100 cm2, and Group C (n = 60) was greater than 100 cm2. The subjects in the three groups were all tested for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin (FINS), and fasting blood glucose (FPG). Height and weight were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI). The HOMA-IR and TYG (fasting triglyceride and glycemic index) were also calculated. Changes in the BMI, VFA, HOMA-IR, and TYG levels were observed in the three groups. Results: The VFA, BMI, HbA1c, FPG, FINS, HOMA-IR, and TYG of the patients all increased, with a more significant increase in the BMI, FINS, HOMA-IR, and TYG levels (P < 0.01). Multiple linear stepwise regression analyses used visceral fat area (VFA) as the dependent variable. The results showed that VFA was closely related to BMI, FINS, HOMA-IR, and TYG. Conclusion: Early reduction of VFA to reduce insulin resistance may be a better treatment and effective method for T2DM, providing powerful measures and new strategies for effective blood sugar control and early prevention in the treatment of metabolic diseases.

Recent evidence for subcutaneous drains to prevent surgical site infections after abdominal surgery:A systematic review and metaanalysis

BACKGROUND Surgical site infections(SSIs)increase mortality,hospital stays,additional medical treatment,and medical costs.Subcutaneous drains prevent SSIs in gynecological and breast surgeries;however,their clinical impact in abdominal surgery remains unclear.AIM To investigate whether subcutaneous drains were beneficial in abdominal surgery using a systematic review and meta-analysis.METHODS The database search used PubMed,MEDLINE,and the Cochrane Library.The following inclusion criteria were set for the systematic review:(1)Randomized controlled trial studies comparing SSIs after abdominal surgery with or without subcutaneous drains;and(2)Studies that described clinical outcomes,such as SSIs,seroma formation,the length of hospital stays,and mortality.RESULTS Eight studies were included in this meta-analysis.The rate of total SSIs was significantly lower in the drained group(54/771,7.0%)than in the control group(89/759,11.7%),particularly in gastrointestinal surgery.Furthermore,the rate of superficial SSIs was slightly lower in the drained group(31/517,6.0%)than in the control group(49/521,9.4%).No significant differences were observed in seroma formation between the groups.Hospital stays were shorter in the drained group than in the control group.CONCLUSION Subcutaneous drains after abdominal surgery prevented SSIs and reduced hospital stays but did not significantly affect seroma formation.The timing of drain removal needs to be reconsidered in future studies.

Fetal Thigh Circumference versus Fetal Abdominal Subcutaneous Tissue Thickness in Prediction of Fetal Weight in Term Pregnant Women

Background: Fetal weight estimation by ultrasound is an important factor in obstetrics;it is directly related to the gestational age which helps to plan the mode of delivery and labor management. Objective: to compare between fetal thigh circumference (TC) and abdominal subcutaneous tissue thickness (SCT) in estimating birthweight in term pregnant women. Patients and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at outpatient clinic or emergency room, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Maternity Hospitals from March 2022 until May 2023. During this study, 100 term pregnant females with gestational age 37 - 40 weeks attended El Demerdash Maternity Hospital and scheduled for delivery either at outpatient clinic or emergency room were enrolled, after consenting each of them. Basic fetal biometry was performed by an expert and professional medical personnel to ensure the accuracy of examination results. Fetal abdominal subcutaneous thickness and fetal thigh circumference were measured for assessment of gestational age and correlated with actual fetal body weight. In the current study, three formulas;Hadlock, Vintzileos’ and SCT formula were correlated with actual fetal body weight after birth. Results: The present study revealed that TC formula is closer to the actual birth weight, followed by Hadlock formula, while the SCT formula is the furthest from it. Conclusion: To increase the accuracy of birth estimations, regular ultrasound examinations should include fetal thigh circumference measurement.

Correlation Study of Aortic Velocity Propagation, Abdominal Aortic Intima-Media Thickness, and Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness in Subclinical Hypothyroidism Patients

Objective:To explore the correlation between epicardial fat thickness(EFT),aortic velocity propagation(AVP),and abdominal aortic intima-media thickness(AA-IMT)in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism(SH).Additionally,to compare these indicators between SH patients and healthy individuals,providing a new theoretical basis for the clinical prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.Method:Clinical data from 50 SH patients(23 males and 27 females)and 50 healthy outpatient examinees(22 males and 28 females)were analyzed.The participants were selected from January 2022 to December 2023 at Loudi Central Hospital.EFT,AVP,and AA-IMT were measured,and their correlations were analyzed.Results:SH patients had significantly higher EFT and AA-IMT levels than the control group,while their AVP was significantly lower,with these differences being statistically significant(P<0.05).Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between EFT and AVP(P<0.001),a significant positive correlation between EFT and AAO-IMT(P<0.001),and a significant negative correlation between AVP and AAO-IMT(P<0.001).Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis identified increased EFT,decreased AVP,and increased AAO-IMT as independent risk factors for SH patients.Conclusion:In SH patients,EFT and AAO-IMT are elevated,whereas AVP is reduced.EFT and AVP are significantly correlated with AAO-IMT.EFT and AAO-IMT can serve as reliable indicators for evaluating subclinical atherosclerosis in SH patients,providing a diagnostic basis for clinical practice.

Correlation of fatty liver and abdominal fat distribution using a simple fat computed tomography protocol

AIM: To evaluate the relationship between hepatic fat infiltration and abdominal fat volume by using computed tomography (CT).METHODS: Three hundred and six patients who visited our obesity clinic between November 2007 and April 2008 underwent fat protocol CT scans.The age range of the patients was 19 to 79 years and the mean age was 49 years.The male to female ratio was 116:190.Liver and spleen attenuation measurements were taken with three regions of interests (ROIs) from the liver and two ROIs from the spleen.Hepatic attenuation indices (HAIs) were measured as follows: (1) hepatic parenchymal attenuation (CTLP);(2) liver to spleen attenuation ratio (LS ratio);and (3) difference between hepatic and splenic attenuation (LSdif).Abdominal fat volume was measured using a 3 mm slice CT scan starting at the level of the umbilicus and was automatically calculated by a workstation.Abdominal fat was classified into total fat (TF),visceral fat (VF),and subcutaneous fat (SF).We used a bivariate correlation method to assess the relationship between the three HAIs and TF,VF,and SF.RESULTS: There were significant negative correlations between CTLP,LS ratio,and LSdif with TF,VF,and SF,respectively.The CTLP showed a strong negative correlation with TF and VF (r = -0.415 and -0.434,respectively,P < 0.001).The correlation between CTLP and SF was less significant (r = -0.313,P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Fatty infiltration of the liver was correlated with amount of abdominal fat and VF was more strongly associated with fatty liver than SF.

Visceral Fat Area,Waist Circumference and Metabolic Risk Factors in Abdominally Obese Chinese Adults

Objective To examine the association of visceral adiposity as measured by VFA and WC with lipid and glucose metabolic biomarkers in abdominally obese Chinese adults,and to assess whether WC could be an indicator of visceral fat.Methods WC and VFA were measured in 155 overweight and obese adults.A fasting blood sample was collected from participant（n=118） whose VFA ≥100 cm2 for analyses of lipid and glucose profile.The relationship between VFA and WC and biomarkers was investigated.Results WC and VFA were significantly interrelated.The coincidence rate of abdominal obesity determined by Japanese VFA and Chinese WC criteria increased across age quartiles in women from 51.7% to 96.2%.A large WC was associated significantly with low HDL-cholesterol concentration（P0.01） and the association was weakened by additional control of VFA.WC and VFA were positively associated with glucose,hemoglobin A1c and insulin concentrations（P0.05 except for the association of VFA with insulin：P0.01）,and all the associations were not significant by additional control of either WC or VFA.As WC quartiles increased,significant stepwise increments in triglyceride,glucose,hemoglobin A1c and insulin and descent in HDL-cholesterol were observed.However,triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol were not significantly different when compared across VFA quartiles.Conclusion Higher visceral fat was associated with an adverse lipid and glucose profile.WC can be a moderate predictor for visceral fat and provides a feasible measurement to estimate glucose metabolic risks.Further studies are warranted to establish age-specific WC cutoffs.

Abdominal Fat Accumulation with Hyperuricemia and Hypercholesterolemia Quail Model Induced by High Fat Diet

Objective To establish abdominal fat accumulation with hyperuricemia and hypercholesterolemia quail model fed with high fat diet. And then to investigate the pathological characteristics of this quail model. Methods Thirty Longcheng quails were randomly divided into two groups： control group and model group （n=15）. The control group quails were fed with normal diet and model group quails were fed with high fat diet for 14 days. After a 12-hour overnight fast, liver and abdominal fat at euthanasia as well as serum were collected. The levels of serum uric acid, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）, low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）, triglyceride, free fatty acid （FFA）, and blood glucose were assayed. The activity changes of adenosine deaminase （ADA）, xanthine oxidase （XOD）, lipoprotein lipase （LPL）, hepatic lipase （HL）, and fatty acid synthetase （FAS） were analyzed. Results Compared with control group, the abdominal fat content （0.74±0.63 vs. 1.36±0.65 g, P〈0.05） and abdominal fat index （0.44%±0.30% vs. 0.85%±0.30%, P〈0.01） as well as live lipid index （3.61%±0.65% vs. 11.33%±2.14%, P〈0.01） in model group significantly increased; the levels of serum uric acid （210.61±94,76 vs. 304.25±141.94 /amol/L, P〈0.05）, total cholesterol （4.20±0.51 vs. 20.10±11.25 mmol/L, P〈0.01）, LDL-C （1.16±0.29 vs. 10.78±6.48 mmol/L, P〈0.01）, and FFA （0.39±0.14 vs. 0.55±0.15 mmol/L, P〈0.01） in model group significantly increased; HDL-C （5.85±0.95 vs. 4.14±2.03 mmol/L, P〈0.05） significantly decreased; the levels of triglyceride and blood glucose had no significant changes （P〉0.05）; the activities of ADA （9.71±3.05 vs. 17.19±5.10 U/ml, P〈0.01） and XOD （10.58±6,88 vs. 19.22＋9.44 U/L, P〈0.01） in model group significantly increased; and FAS, LPL, HL had no significant changes （P〉0.05）. Conclusions High fat diet can induce abdominal fat accumulation with hyperuricemia and hypercholesterolemia quail model. The changes of uric acid and lipid metabolic enzyme activities may he the pathological mechanism of abdominal fat accumulation with hyperuricemia and hypercholesterolemia.

Integration of association and computational methods reveals functional variants of LEPR gene for abdominal fat content in chickens

Leptin receptor(LEPR)plays a vital role in obesity in humans and animals.The objective of this study is to assess LEPR functional variants for chicken adipose deposition by integration of association and in-silico analysis using a unique chicken population,the Northeast Agricultural University broiler lines divergently selected for abdominal fat content(NEAUHLF).Five online bioinformatics tools were used to predict the functionality of the single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)in coding region.Further,the possible structure–function relationship of high confidence SNPs was determined by bioinformatics analyses,including the conservation and stability analysis based on amino acid residues,prediction of protein ligand-binding sites,and the superposition of protein tertiary structure.Meanwhile,we analyzed the association between abdominal fat traits and 20 polymorphisms of chicken LEPR gene.The integrated results showed that rs731962924(N867I)and rs13684622(C1002R)could lead to striking changes in the structure and function of proteins,of which rs13684622(C1002R)was significantly associated with abdominal fat weight(AFW,P=0.0413)and abdominal fat percentage(AFP,P=0.0260)in chickens.Therefore,we are of the opinion that rs13684622(C1002R)may be an essential functional SNP affecting chicken abdominal fat deposition,and potentially applied to improvement of broiler abdominal fat in molecular marker-assisted selection(MAS)program.Additionally,the coupling of association with computer electronic predictive analysis provides a new avenue to identify important molecular markers for breeders.

CircDOCK7 facilitates the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of chicken abdominal preadipocytes through the gga‑miR‑301b‑3p/ACSL1 axis

Background Abdominal fat deposition depends on both the proliferation of preadipocytes and their maturation into adipocytes,which is a well-orchestrated multistep process involving many regulatory molecules.Circular RNAs(circRNAs)have emergingly been implicated in mammalian adipogenesis.However,circRNA-mediated regulation in chicken adipogenesis remains unclear.Our previous circRNA sequencing data identified a differentially expressed novel circRNA,8:27,886,180|27,889,657,during the adipogenic differentiation of chicken abdominal preadipocytes.This study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of circDOCK7 in the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of chicken abdominal preadipocytes,and explore its molecular mechanisms of competing endogenous RNA underlying chicken adipogenesis.Results Our results showed that 8:27,886,180|27,889,657 is an exonic circRNA derived from the head-to-tail splicing of exons 19–22 of the dedicator of cytokinesis 7(DOCK7)gene,abbreviated as circDOCK7.CircDOCK7 is mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of chicken abdominal preadipocytes and is stable because of its RNase R resistance and longer half-life.CircDOCK7 is significantly upregulated in the abdominal fat tissues of fat chickens compared to lean chickens,and its expression gradually increases during the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of chicken abdominal preadipocytes.Functionally,the gain-and loss-of-function experiments showed that circDOCK7 promoted proliferation,G0/G1-to S-phase progression,and glucose uptake capacity of chicken abdominal preadipocytes,in parallel with adipogenic differentiation characterized by remarkably increased intracellular lipid droplet accumulation and triglyceride and acetyl coenzyme A content in differentiated chicken abdominal preadipocytes.Mechanistically,a pull-down assay and a dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that circDOCK7 interacted with gga-miR-301b-3p,which was identified as an inhibitor of chicken abdominal adipogenesis.Moreover,the ACSL1 gene was demonstrated to be a direct target of gga-miR-301b-3p.Chicken ACSL1 protein is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of chicken abdominal preadipocytes and acts as an adipogenesis accelerator.Rescue experiments showed that circDOCK7 could counteract the inhibitory effects of gga-miR-301b-3p on ACSL1 mRNA abundance as well as the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of chicken abdominal preadipocytes.Conclusions CircDOCK7 serves as a miRNA sponge that directly sequesters gga-miR-301b-3p away from the ACSL1 gene,thus augmenting adipogenesis in chickens.These findings may elucidate a new regulatory mechanism underlying abdominal fat deposition in chickens.

Classifying Abdominal Fat Distribution Patterns byUsing Body Measurement Data

This study aims to explore new categorization that characterizes the distribution clusters of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues(VAT and SAT)measured by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),to analyze the relationship between the VAT-SAT distribution patterns and the novel body shape descriptors(BSDs),and to develop a classifier to predict the fat distribution clusters using the BSDs.In the study,66 male and 54 female participants were scanned by MRI and a stereovision body imaging(SBI)to measure participants’abdominal VAT and SAT volumes and the BSDs.A fuzzy c-means algorithm was used to form the inherent grouping clusters of abdominal fat distributions.A support-vector-machine(SVM)classifier,with an embedded feature selection scheme,was employed to determine an optimal subset of the BSDs for predicting internal fat distributions.A fivefold cross-validation procedure was used to prevent over-fitting in the classification.The classification results of the BSDs were compared with those of the traditional anthropometric measurements and the Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry(DXA)measurements.Four clusters were identified for abdominal fat distributions:(1)low VAT and SAT,(2)elevated VAT and SAT,(3)higher SAT,and(4)higher VAT.The cross-validation accuracies of the traditional anthropometric,DXA and BSD measurements were 85.0%,87.5% and 90%,respectively.Compared to the traditional anthropometric and DXA measurements,the BSDs appeared to be effective and efficient in predicting abdominal fat distributions.

Overweight and abdominal fat are associated with normal bone mineral density in patients with ulcerative colitis

BACKGROUND Low bone mineral density(BMD)is common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.However,nutritional risk factors for low BMD in the ulcerative colitis(UC)population are still poorly understood.AIM To investigate the association of anthropometric indicators and body composition with BMD in patients with UC.METHODS This is a cross-sectional study on adult UC patients of both genders who were followed on an outpatient basis.A control group consisting of healthy volunteers,family members,and close people was also included.The nutritional indicators evaluated were body mass index(BMI),total body mass(TBM),waist circumference(WC),body fat in kg(BFkg),body fat in percentage(BF%),trunk BF(TBF),and also lean mass.Body composition and BMD assessments were performed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.RESULTS The sociodemographic characteristics of patients with UC(n=68)were similar to those of healthy volunteers(n=66)(P>0.05).Most patients(97.0%)were in remission of the disease,58.8%were eutrophic,33.8%were overweight,39.0%had high WC,and 67.6%had excess BF%.However,mean BMI,WC,BFkg,and TBF of UC patients were lower when compared to those of the control group(P<0.05).Reduced BMD was present in 41.2%of patients with UC(38.2%with osteopenia and 2.9%with osteoporosis)and 3.0%in the control group(P<0.001).UC patients with low BMD had lower BMI,TBM,and BFkg values than those with normal BMD(P<0.05).Male patients were more likely to have low BMD(prevalence ratio[PR]=1.86;95%confidence interval[CI]:1.07-3.26).Those with excess weight(PR=0.43;95%CI:0.19-0.97)and high WC(PR=0.44;95%CI:0.21-0.94)were less likely to have low BMD.CONCLUSION Patients with UC in remission have a high prevalence of metabolic bone diseases.Body fat appears to protect against the development of low BMD in these patients.

Evaluation of Visceral and Subcutaneous Fat by Ultrasound and Its Relationship with Clinical and Metabolic Parameters of Insulin Resistance and Subclinical Atherosclerosis

Objective: this study set out to investigate the association between abdominal obesity ultrasound measurements, waist circumference and body mass index (BMI), metabolic syndrome (MS) components and subclinical atherosclerosis. Methods: sixty patients were recruited and divided equally into two groups, according to the presence of MS. All subjects had an ultrasound examination for measurement of visceral and subcutaneous fat thickness and carotid IMT. Results: the values of visceral fat thickness, preperitoneal circumference and carotid IMT were higher in patients with MS than in control subjects. Visceral fat thickness showed significant correlations with many cardiovascular risk factors (waist circumference, BMI, fasting plasma glucose, HDL and LDL cholesterol). All abdominal obesity measurements were correlated with BMI. Carotid IMT showed correlations with age, visceral fat and preperitoneal circumference. Visceral fat was independently associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressures and fasting plasma glucose. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures and BMI were independent determinants of carotid IMT. Conclusion: visceral fat thickness showed the best correlation with MS components, suggesting that it could be a useful parameter in cardiovascular risk assessment. Age, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and BMI were independent determinants of subclinical atherosclerosis. MS was associated with a higher carotid IMT.

The relationship between body mass index, thickness of subcutaneous fat, and the gluteus muscle as the intramuscular injection site

An intramuscular injection (IMI) is an injection given directly into the central area of a specific muscle. Certain medicines need to be administered by the gluteal route for these to be effective. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of body mass index (BMI), subcutaneous fat, and muscular thickness of the dorsogluteal IMI site among healthy Japanese women. There were 39 healthy female subjects who volunteered and met the criteria. Their ages ranged from 40s to 60s (50.82 ± 6.04). With the data collected using the B-mode ultrasound images of the dorsogluteal site, it was found that the distance from the epidermis to the under-fascia (DEUF) of the gluteus maximus was dissimilar between the subject’s right and left buttocks. It was found that the distance from the epidermis to the iliac bone (DEI) was significantly more on the right than on the left buttocks. In the case of an adult Japanese woman with a BMI of 21 or more, the DEUF of the gluteus medius was found to be about 30 mm, and the DEI was approximately 50 mm or more. Based on these findings, it is recommended that a needle length of 38 mm (1.5 inches) can be safely used to administer IMIs to the gluteus medius muscle to effectively and efficiently deliver medications through the IMI route.

General Theory of Body Contouring: 1. Processes of Quick and Slow Modulation of Subcutaneous Fat Tissue

It is shown that modulation of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) volume after application of different physical factors in body contouring procedures cannot be characterized by a single physiological reaction with dispersed reaction times, supposing that several different dynamic processes with different characteristic reaction times must be involved. Quick modulation of sWAT with characteristic times of 103 - 105 s must be connected with such processes as hyaluronan production and consequent water retention in the tissue, as well as with reversible modulation of its mechanical properties. It is supposed that slow processes with characteristic times of up to 3 × 106 s can be caused by modulation of lipolytic activity of adipocytes through changesin their micro-environment or through their transdifferentiation, as well as through death and removal of adipocytes from sWAT.

Prediction of Abdominal Visceral Obesity From Body Mass Index,Waist Circumference and Waist-hip Ratio in Chinese Adults:Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves Analysis

Objective To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) measurements in diagnosing abdominal visceral obesity. Methods BMI, WC, and WHR were assessed in 690 Chinese adults (305 men and 385 women) and compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VA). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated and used to determine the threshold point for each anthropometric parameter. Results 1) MRI showed that 61.7% of overweight/obese individuals (BMI≥25 kg/m2) and 14.2% of normal weight (BMI<25 kg/m2) individuals had abdominal visceral obesity (VA≥100 cm2). 2) VA was positively correlated with each anthropometric variable, of which WC showed the highest correlation (r=0.73-0.77, P<0.001). 3) The best cut-off points for assessing abdominal visceral obesity were as followed: BMI of 26 kg/m2, WC of 90 cm, and WHR of 0.93, with WC being the most sensitive and specific factor. 4) Among subjects with BMI≥28 kg/m2 or WC≥95 cm, 95% of men and 90% of women appeared to have abdominal visceral obesity. Conclusion Measurements of BMI, WC, and WHR can be used in the prediction of abdominal visceral obesity, of which WC was the one with better accuracy.

Correlation between type 2 diabetes mellitus remission and intrapancreatic fat deposition

BACKGROUND Intrapancreatic fat deposition(IPFD)exerts a significant negative impact on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),accelerates disease deterioration,and may lead to impairedβ-cell quality and function.AIM To investigate the correlation between T2DM remission and IPFD.METHODS We enrolled 80 abdominally obese patients with T2DM admitted to our institution from January 2019 to October 2023,including 40 patients with weight lossinduced T2DM remission(research group)and 40 patients with short-term intensive insulin therapy-induced T2DM remission(control group).We comparatively analyzed improvements in IPFD[differential computed tomography(CT)values of the spleen and pancreas and average CT value of the pancreas];levels of fasting blood glucose(FBG),2-h postprandial blood glucose(2hPBG),and insulin;and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)scores.Correlation analysis was performed to explore the association between T2DM remission and IPFD.RESULTS After treatment,the differential CT values of the spleen and pancreas,FBG,2hPBG,and HOMA-IR in the research group were significantly lower than those before treatment and in the control group,and the average CT value of the pancreas and insulin levels were significantly higher.Correlation analysis revealed that the greater the T2DM remission,the lower the amount of IPFD.