Elevated basal intestinal mucosal cytokine levels in asymptomatic first-degree relatives of patients with Crohn's disease

AIM To determine levels of cytokines incolonic mucosa of asymptomatic first degreerelatives of Crohn’s disease patients.METHODS Cytokines(Interleukin(IL)1-Beta,IL-2,IL-5 and IL-8)were measured using ELISAin biopsy samples of normal looking colonicmucosa of first degree relatives of Crohn’sdisease patients(n = 9)and from normalcontrols(n = 10)with no family history ofCrohn’s disease.RESULTS Asymptomatic first degree relativesof patients with Crohn’s disease had significantlyhigher levels of basal intestinal mucosalcytokines(IL-2,IL-5 and IL-8)than normalcontrols.Whether these increased cytokinelevels serve as phenotypic markers for a geneticpredisposition to developing Crohns diseaselater on,or whether they indicate early(pre-clinical)damage has yet to be further defined.CONCLUSION Asymptomatic first degreerelatives of Crohn’s disease patients have higherlevels of cytokines in their normal-lookingintestinal mucosa compared to normal controls,This supports the hypothesis that increasedcytokines may be a cause or an early event inthe inflammatory cascade of Crohns disease andare not merely a result of the inflammatoryprocess.

大鼠幽门螺杆菌感染慢性萎缩性胃炎模型的研究

目的建立 Hp 相关 CAG 大鼠模型,探讨 Hp 与胃粘膜损伤因子在 CAG 中的致病作用。方法采用二级、体质量90g～110 g、Wistar 大鼠60只,随机分为 Hp 感染 CAG 模型组,单纯 Hp 感染组,单纯胃粘膜损伤 CAG 模型组与对照组,采用灌胃接种 Hp 菌株(SS1),30g/L 水杨酸钠灌胃,5mmaol/L 去氧胆酸钠溶液、50mL/L乙醇交替自由饮用及饥饱失常的方法建立 Hp 相关 CAG 模型,Hp 末次接种12wk 后处死所有动物,检测 Hp 感染情况及粘膜固有层厚度、粘膜表面上皮层厚度,壁细胞计数和肠化、不典型增生等病变。结果 Hp 感染 CAG 模型组及单纯 Hp 感染组 Hp 阳性,Hp感染 CAG 模型组出现以淋巴细胞浸润为主的慢性炎症,粘膜固有层厚度,胃窦(68±4)μm,胃体(315±40)μm,粘膜表面上皮层(71±7)μm,PAS 阳性层厚度(81±7)μm与正常组(99±16)μm,(407±33)μm,(101±11)μm,(121±14)μm比较明显变薄(P<0.01),壁细胞计数(34.9±1.1)/腺管明显减少,正常组为(51.1±2.4)/腺管(P<O.01),无明显肠化及不典型增生单纯 Hp 感染组大鼠亦出现较明显的慢性炎症与活动性炎症,粘膜固有层厚度,壁细胞汁数与正常组比较无明显变化。结论 Hp 感染大鼠 CAG 模型的病因、病理与人类 CAG 病变相似,Hp 相关 CAG 大鼠模型获得了初步成功,可作为 Hp 相关 CAG 发病机制及药物筛选较合适的动物模型,单纯 Hp 感染12wk 内无胃粘膜萎缩病变形成。

溃疡性结肠炎治疗的新进展及新策略

溃疡性结肠炎(UC)是主要侵犯大肠粘膜,常常引起糜烂或溃疡形成,原因不明的弥漫性非特异性炎症.活动期的肠粘膜中可见在慢性炎症细胞浸润的基础上淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞以及肥大细胞等混合存在的炎细胞浸润,常伴有肠上皮变性、坏死、脱落、隐窝脓肿。

早期肠道营养对烧伤大鼠肠粘膜损伤和修复的影响

目的研究早期肠道营养对烧伤大鼠肠粘膜损伤和修复的影响及其可能的机制.方法采用30%体表面积Ⅲ度烧伤大鼠模型,随机分成伤前对照(C),静脉营养(PN)及肠道营养(EN)组,EN 和 PN 组给予等氮、等热卡、等体积的营养液.在此基础上动态观察了肠组织中肠三叶因子(ITF)含量、血浆二氨氧化酶(DAO)活性、肠粘膜跨膜电位差(PD)及增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的变化,并进行相关分析.结果烧伤后肠粘膜组织结构受损,血浆 DAO 活性明显增高,从伤前的0.32±0.02(10~3U·L^(-1))增为1.23±0.53(10~3U·L^(-1)),相差显著(P<0.01).而 PD,PCNA 值及 ITF 含量分别从伤前的13.53±0.41(mV),823.46±240.56(A),369±65(ng·g^(-1))降至伤后的5.27±0.17(mV),247.39±112.23(A)和15±4(ng·g^(-1)),相差显著(P<0.05～0.01).两组相比EN 组大鼠肠道受损程度明显低于 PN 组,同时其 ITF 含量、PD,PCNA 值均高于 PN 组[EN组分别为129±46(ng·g^(-1)),6.02±0.17(mV)和612.66±188,27(A)而 PN 组分别为15±4(ng·g^(-1)),5.27±0.17(mV)和247.39±112.23(A)];而 EN 组大鼠血浆 DAO 活性为0.61±0.14(10~3U·L^(-1))显著低于 PN 组的0.90±0.16(10~3U·L^(-1))(P<0.01).相关分析显示,ITF 含量同血浆 DAO 活性呈显著负相关(r_1=-0.964,P<0.01),而同 PCNA 及 PD 值呈显著正相关(r_2=0.884,P<0.05;r_3=0.983.P<0.01).结论严重烧伤后肠粘膜结构受损与肠道合成和分泌 ITF 的能力大幅下降有关,肠道营养可降低伤后 ITF 下降的幅度可能是其在减轻肠粘膜损伤,促进肠粘膜修复方面优于静脉营养的重要原因.

Immunocytochemical identification and localization of APUD cells in the gut of seven stomachless teleost fishes

AIM To study the cell types,localization,distribution density and morphology of APUDcells in the intestinal mucosa of stomachlessteleost fishes.METHOD By using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex(PAP)immunocytochemical staining technique theidentification,localization and morphology ofimmunoreactive(IR)endocrine cells seattered inthe intestinal mucosa of grass carp(Cyenopharyngodon idellus),black carp(Mylopharyngodon piceus)and common carp(Cyprinus carpio)were investigated with 20kinds of antisera prepared against mammalianpeptide hormones of APUD cells,and likewise byusing avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex(ABC)method those of silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix),bighead(Aristichthys nobilis),silver crucian carp(Carassius gibelio)and bluntnose black bream(Megalobrama amblyocephala)were alsostudied with 5 different antisera.Thereplacement of the first antiserum by phosphatebuffered saline(PBS)was employed as a control.IR endocrine cells were counted with asquare-mesh ocular micrometer from 10 fieldsselected randomly in every section of each partof the intestine specimen.The average numberof IR endocrine cells per mm2 was counted toquantify their distribution density.RESULT Gastrin(GAS)-,Gastric inhibitorypeptide(GIP)-,glucagon(GLU)-,glucagon-likeimmunoreactants(GLI)-,bovine pancreaticpolypeptide(BPP)-,leucine-enkephalin(ENK)-and substance P(SP)-IR endocrine cells werefound in the gut of grass carp,black carp andcommon carp,and somatostatin(SOM)-IRendocrine cells were only seen in common carp.GAS-,GIP-and GLU-IR endocrine cells werefound in the intestinal mucosa of silver carp,bighead,silver crucian carp and bluntnose blackbream.Most of IR endocrine cells had the higherdistribution density in the foregut and midgut,and were longer in shape.They had a long apicalcytoplasmic process extended to the gut lumenand a basal process extended to adjacent cellsor basement membrane and touched with it.Sometimes,the basal cytoplasmic processformed an enlarged synapse-like structure in thecontiguous part with basement membrane.Thisphenomenon provided new morphologicalevidence for neuroendocrine and paracrinesecretory function of these enteroendocrinecells.CONCLUTION At least 8 kinds of IR endocrinecells were found in the gut of stomachlessteleost species for the first time in China.TheseIR endocrine cells scattering in the gut mucosabelong to the APUD system.Among them,thehormones secreted by SP-,ENK-,SOM-and GLU-IR endocrine cells belong to the peptides of dualdistribution in the brain and gut.This providednew evidence for the concept of brain-gutpeptide.According to the cell types,distribution density,morphologicalcharacteristics and variety in shape of APUDcells in the gut of stomachless teleost fishes,itis deemed that the digestive tract of fishes isalso an endocrine organ of great importance andcomplexity.

bFGF and TGFβ expression in rat kidneys after ischemic/reperfusional gut injury and its relationship with tissue repair

INTRODUCTION Intestinal isehemia/rePerfusion(I/R)oeeureommonly in eritieally 111 Patients.It 15 wellreeognized that gutl/R may eause tissue damageand dysfunetion of intestine,and induee

谷氨酰胺强化肠内营养支持对重型颅脑损伤患者的临床疗效

目的:研究谷氨酰胺强化肠内营养支持对重型颅脑损伤(SHI)患者的炎症和肠道屏障功能的影响。方法:选取2018年6月至2020年12月郴州市第一人民医院收治的SHI患者94例,根据病历号均分为两组,对照组和观察组各47例。所有患者均给予常规治疗和早期肠内营养,观察组在肠内营养的基础上添加谷氨酰胺。比较两组患者临床治疗有效率,以及14 d时两组患者营养水平、炎症因子、肠道屏障功能及并发症发生情况。结果:观察组患者治疗总有效率为82.98 %,显著高于对照组的61.70 %,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗14 d时,两组患者白蛋白(ALB)、血清总蛋白(TP)、转铁蛋白(TRF)、格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)评分均较治疗前显著上升,而对照组上臂肌围(AMC)及肱三头肌皮褶厚度(TSF)较治疗前显著减小,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗14 d时,观察组患者ALB、TP、TSF、TRF、AMC、GCS评分均比对照组高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗14 d时,两组患者可溶性髓样细胞触发受体–1(sTREM–1)、白细胞介素–6(IL–6)、肿瘤坏死因子–α(TNF–α)水平均较治疗前显著下降,且观察组sTREM–1、IL–6、TNF–α水平比对照组低,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗14 d时,两组患者二胺氧化酶(DAO)、降钙素原(PCT)、D–乳酸水平均较治疗前显著下降,且观察组DAO、PCT、D–乳酸水平比对照组低,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者胃肠道不适及肺部感染发生率均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在SHI患者肠内营养中添加谷氨酰胺可以保护肠黏膜屏障结构和功能,抑制炎症介质释放,减少并发症和感染发生。